Accurately identifying the stage boundaries and characteristic attributes of agricultural mechanization development is a logical prerequisite for following objective laws and promoting the high-quality development of the industry. This paper took the phased laws of social and economic form evolution as the theoretical foundation of Marxist historical materialism, combined the discussion on the particularity of phased contradictions in On Contradiction, and based on the division standards of agricultural mechanization development stages established in NY/T 1408.1—2007 Evaluation of Agricultural Mechanization Level-Part 1: Crop Cultivation it conducted a systematic stage division and characteristic decomposition of China's 77-year development process of agricultural mechanization from 1949 to 2025, from the two dimensions of production mode transformation and employment structure transformation. The research findings indicated that China's agricultural mechanization had successively gone through the primary stage (from 1949 to 2006), characterized by a focus on the modularization, and the intermediate stage (from 2007 to 2025), characterized by a focus on the full-processization. Currently, it was in a critical transitional period as it was moving towards the advanced stage. The primary stage presented the basic attributes of traditional production methods dominating, partial penetration of mechanization, and a relatively low development rate. The employment structure experienced a historical turning point from "increasing machines and increasing people" to "increasing machines and reducing people". The intermediate stage, driven by institutional supply and policy dividends, achieved a historic leap in the full-process mechanization of major crop production. Mechanized production methods established a dominant position, and the total power of agricultural machinery, the comprehensive production capacity of grain, and agricultural labor productivity all achieved a quantitative leap. The social employment structure completed a fundamental reconfiguration from "one, three, two" to "three, two, one". The advanced stage would be characterized by comprehensive, intelligent, and green as its core indicators, pointing to the coverage of agricultural mechanization in all fields and all links and the empowerment of new quality productive forces in industrial upgrading. This paper verified the scientificity and applicability of the division criteria for the stages of agricultural mechanization, clarifies the historical position that China's agricultural mechanization was about to enter the advanced stage, and could provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for the high-quality development of agricultural machinery equipment in the "15th Five-Year Plan" period and the selection of the path for building an agricultural power.

To address large seasonal temperature differences, heavy grid dependence, and manual decision-making in solar greenhouses in Shanxi Province, this study designed an intelligent temperature and humidity control system based on the NY/T 3744-2020 standard and fruit vegetable growth requirements. The system integrated Fresnel lens high-concentration photovoltaic (CPV) technology, using PV power, a charge/discharge controller, and a battery to drive fans, film rollers, and supplemental lights. The control strategy combines PID control, threshold decision-making, and battery protection rules. MATLAB dynamic simulations under typical spring and summer weather conditions (using tomatoes as an example) showed that the system achieved the required temperature and humidity control accuracy, daily power generation meets the full-day load demand, and the battery remains in a safe operating state.

This paper explored the influence mechanism of the density, stiffness, damping, and acoustic properties of impeller materials on the vibration and noise of pumps. Combined with the measured data from typical pumping stations in hydropower engineering, the vibration and noise performance of pumps with different material impellers was analyzed, providing a theoretical basis for pump noise reduction design and material selection.

Using the Passiflora edulis 'Golden' variety Qinguo No.9 as the object, the "Digital and Intelligent Farming" smart agriculture management system was designed. This system realized core functional modules such as real-time display of all elements of agricultural production activities, planting recommendations, production management, intelligent monitoring, and human-computer interaction assistants. Through multi-scenario field tests, the system could save 20% to 28% of irrigation water in the field, reduce fertilizer application by 18% to 26%, and increase crop yield by 15% to 25%.

To address the problems of scattered data, cumbersome processes, and delayed decision-making in traditional agricultural management, this paper designed and implemented a data acquisition and farm work management system for the crop growth cycle based on Web technology. By integrating and managing multi-dimensional information such as user data, crop information, growth records, and environmental data, the system achieves full-process digital tracking from crop planting to harvest. The system adopted a B/S (Browser/Server) architecture and provided nine core functional modules, including data acquisition, intelligent query, warning management, and statistical analysis. Test results showed that the system was easy to operate, functionally complete, and could effectively improve the standardization and informatization level of farmland management.

At present, there is a problem of "emphasizing construction but neglecting management" in the construction of high-standard farmland in our country. The irrigation methods are still rather simplistic, and the mechanization level is relatively low. To address these issues, this paper proposed a three-layer architecture of "cloud-system-terminal", elaborated on the specific implementation paths of the perception layer, transmission layer and application layer, analyzed the methods of heterogeneous network integration, hardware equipment selection and system integration, and discussed the construction and operation maintenance models in combination with practice. The results showed that this system could control water and fertilizer very accurately, save a lot of labor, and provide a reference model for agricultural informatization construction.

The improvement of motion control precision in agricultural irrigation robots is a key technology for achieving precision agriculture. By constructing a multi-sensor fusion positioning control system and an improved PID motion control algorithm, combined with path planning optimization and dynamic error compensation mechanisms, the robot's operational performance has been significantly enhanced. The Extended Kalman Filter algorithm realizes the fusion of multi-source information from GPS and IMU, while the adaptive PID controller improves system response characteristics. Experimental results showed that positioning accuracy improved from ±15.2 cm to ±3.1 cm, trajectory tracking accuracy reached ±2.5 cm, irrigation uniformity coefficient reached 92.5%, and system stability index reached 0.91.

The typical maize-growing area in Tancheng was selected as the experimental area, and traditional round rollers, multi-angled rollers, and rigid-flexible coupled rollers were selected for field comparative experiments. The results showed that the rigid-flexible coupled roller performed better in reducing the grain breakage rate, drop rate, and improving the fruit ear integrity rate, and had certain advantages in energy consumption control and operation efficiency. The results of orthogonal experiments and variance analysis indicated that the roller speed and roller gap had significant effects on the loss reduction effect, with the optimal combination being a roller speed of 950 r/min and a roller gap of 30 mm. The mechanism analysis showed that the flexible buffer layer could effectively disperse the impact force, improve the force state of the fruit ear, and thereby reduce the risk of grain damage. This study provided theoretical basis and practical reference for the structural optimization and parameter matching of the ear-threshing device of maize harvesters.

This paper introduced the principles, characteristics and advantages of mechanized deep plowing technology, and sorted out the practical obstacles that prevented farmers from adopting this technology. It also analyzed the shortcomings of the current support system in aspects such as subsidy distribution, supporting services, and supervision and publicity, and proposed improvement measures from dimensions such as differentiated subsidy design, agricultural technology support guarantee, and publicity and training, with the aim of optimizing the promotion system of deep plowing technology and facilitating soil conservation and the green and sustainable development of agriculture.

Infrared camera technology, with its non-invasive, all-weather, and wide-range monitoring characteristics, has become a key technical support for wildlife disease prevention and control in forest and grassland areas. This paper first explained the principles and advantages of infrared camera technology, systematically reviewed its specific applications in wildlife disease monitoring, and evaluated the effectiveness of application through practical cases in typical forest and grassland areas. It provided theoretical references and practical basis for precise monitoring, risk early warning, and ecological security guarantee of wildlife diseases in forest and grassland areas.

Took Minle County as the research area, based on field investigations and data analysis, this paper expounded the difficulties faced by drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation technologies in their promotion at the grassroots level, including high initial investment, insufficient technical awareness, mismatched infrastructure, complex operation and management, and an imperfect policy support system. By comparing the applicability of the two technologies, this paper proposed improvement countermeasures such as hierarchical and categorized subsidies, improving the technical service system, promoting the integration of "agronomy-machinery-water conservancy", innovating management and operation models, and improving the water price and water rights mechanism, with the aim of providing reference for the large-scale promotion of efficient water-saving irrigation technologies in similar regions.

Took the Nanyang section of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project as an example, by analyzing the regional and engineering characteristics, types of ecological risks, and governance practices, the key links of collaborative governance were analyzed. A mechanism construction idea was proposed based on the premise of responsibility division, support of information sharing, handling of monitoring and early warning and emergency linkage as the main focus, guarantee of coordinated law enforcement and daily supervision as the support, and support of funds, personnel, and assessment and evaluation as the basis. Further optimization paths were proposed in aspects such as source reduction and ecological restoration of small watersheds, ecological compensation and behavioral incentives, resilience management during sensitive periods, social co-governance and improvement of grassroots capabilities, and full life-cycle management of projects, to promote the collaborative governance of major engineering water source areas under the constraint of high-standard water supply.

To enhance the energy-saving level of tobacco drying, an in-depth comparative study was conducted on the application effects of open-type, closed-type, and semi-open-type air-source heat pumped in tobacco drying. Through theoretical calculations and field tests, it was found that the semi-open-type unit, relying on the synergy of heat recovery from waste heat and dynamic moisture removal, had the lowest power consumption for drying dry tobacco leaves, demonstrating significant energy-saving advantages. The research results could provide a basis for the selection and promotion of tobacco drying heat pump equipment.

Centering on the topic of the deep integration of agricultural mechanization and agricultural techniques in mountainous areas of Guizhou, this paper systematically explored the theoretical basis, practical challenges, and solutions for the integration of agricultural machinery and agricultural techniques. The research showed that at present, mountainous agriculture in Guizhou was constrained by complex natural conditions, scattered and fragmented plots, and diverse agricultural techniques. The adaptability between the research and promotion of agricultural machinery and the existing requirements of agricultural production was insufficient, and the degree of integration of agricultural machinery and agricultural techniques was low. This had become a key bottleneck restricting the modernization of mountainous agriculture. It was necessary to coordinate efforts from multiple dimensions such as infrastructure renovation, unified agricultural standards, talent team building, market entity cultivation, and information resource integration to jointly build a integrative development system of agricultural machinery and agricultural techniques that was suitable for the characteristics of mountainous areas in Guizhou, providing solid support for the modernization of mountainous agriculture in Guizhou.

This paper aimed to systematically study the key technologies applied by Freshippo throughout the entire supply chain preservation process, including origin-source preservation, intelligent cold chain logistics, intelligent warehousing and processing, store-level precise preservation, and digital sales warning. Through in-depth analysis of its technical architecture, operation mode, and application cases, combined with data and charts for comparison, it demonstrated the effectiveness of this system in reducing losses, improving quality, and ensuring food safety.

This study focused on the water diversion project system of the Yellow River's middle and lower reaches centered around the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, systematically analyzing its mechanisms and effectiveness in flood control and disaster reduction as well as agricultural irrigation guarantee. Historical operation data and typical cases showed that the Xiaolangdi Reservoir had a stable reduction ratio of more than 40% in flood peak flow, significantly enhancing the flood control standard. At the same time, through water storage regulation and cross-regional water transfer, it could effectively guarantee water supply for downstream and cross-regional irrigation during dry periods, supporting food security and ecological security. The study also pointed out that the project operation still faced challenges such as extreme climate and water resource competition, and further optimization of scheduling strategies and improvement of collaborative management levels were needed. The research results could provide scientific basis for the refined scheduling of water diversion projects and sustainable management of water resources in the basin, and were of great significance for ensuring national water security, food security and ecological security.

In response to the difficulty in quantifying the efficiency of agricultural machinery operations in our country, this paper took the combine harvester for wheat in the the Huanghuaihai Plain as the object, and built a model for evaluating and predicting the efficiency of agricultural machinery based on time series analysis, aiming to promote the improvement of the efficiency of agricultural machinery operations. Firstly, a multi-dimensional efficiency evaluation system including time utilization rate and average fuel consumption was established based on the operation log data; secondly, the STL decomposition method was used to eliminate the long-term and seasonal trend of the efficiency sequence; finally, the efficiency prediction was carried out.

This paper aimed to explore the mechanism and empirical effect of agricultural green innovation on the integration of rural industries. Based on theoretical analysis, research hypotheses were proposed, and an empirical test was conducted using provincial panel data of China from 2010 to 2023. The focus was on examining the influence mechanism and regional heterogeneity. The study found that agricultural green innovation had a significant promoting effect on the overall integration of rural industries, but there were regional differences. The eastern and central regions showed a positive effect, while the western region exhibited a restraining effect. The mechanism analysis indicated that agricultural green innovation mainly promoted rural industry integration through reducing energy consumption. The research conclusion provided empirical evidence for understanding the role of agricultural green innovation in regional coordinated development.

This paper took Nanyang City as the research object, focusing on the "low air+cultural and tourism" integrated innovation development model, deeply exploring the rural characteristics, and had explored a sustainable practical path that was in line with the local reality. By reviewing the development status, achievements and existing problems of the "low air+cultural and tourism" projects in Nanyang City, based on the unique rural resource endowment of Nanyang City, specific solutions were proposed to promote the integrated development of the "low air+cultural and tourism" projects in Nanyang City, and also provide reference and inspiration for the integrated development of Low Air Economy and rural cultural tourism in similar regions.

Currently, the digital transformation of the entire agricultural industry chain faces common obstacles such as the structural imbalance and functional mismatch of digital infrastructure, the obstruction of the circulation of data elements and the dilemma of value release, the systematic lack of comprehensive digital talents, and the imperfect institutional guarantee and market incentive systems. To this end, it is necessary to form a sustainable development ecosystem by improving multi-party collaborative promotion mechanisms such as infrastructure co-construction and sharing mechanisms, data element circulation and governance mechanisms, talent training and collaborative innovation mechanisms, policy and institutional guarantees, and market incentive mechanisms, so as to break through the bottleneck of digital transformation of the entire agricultural industry chain, truly release the enabling effect of digital technology on the entire agricultural chain, and inject strong impetus into agricultural and rural modernization.

This paper took cross-border E-commerce as an example to analyze the internal mechanism by which the digital economy empowered agricultural trade between Henan and ASEAN. This included four mechanisms: digital supply chain integration, digital marketing and brand building, digital production and quality control, and digital services and ecological support. The effectiveness of this empowerment was evaluated from three dimensions: macro trade performance, micro entity growth, and industrial and regional development. The study also pointed out the current challenges such as asymmetry in digital infrastructure and rules, barriers to cross-border data flow and trust, and shortage of specialized talents. It proposed countermeasures such as jointly building digital infrastructure, constructing a trustworthy data circulation system, and improving talent incubation mechanisms, with the aim of providing theoretical basis and practical paths for deepening regional agricultural cooperation and promoting inland opening-up.

In the context of the low-altitude economy, this paper systematically explored the theoretical basis and industrial chain composition of the integration of general aviation and rural tourism. The study revealed that the current situation of rural tourism resources and aviation infrastructure in Henan Province was facing challenges such as airspace approval bottlenecks, insufficient human resources and operational capabilities, product homogeneity, and inadequate safety guarantees. To address these issues, this paper proposed four strategies to promote the deep integration and sustainable development of the low-altitude economy and rural tourism in Henan Province.

In order to explore the impact of E-commerce live streaming on farmers' income and rural employment, a questionnaire survey was conducted among farmers engaged in jujube planting in Xinzheng and E-commerce live streaming practitioners. The questionnaire data were analyzed in detail, revealing the specific paths through which E-commerce live streaming helped increase the income of jujube planters, as well as its driving effect on the rural employment structure. However, problems such as weak infrastructure and shortage of professional talents still constrain the further development of the industry, and corresponding countermeasures need to be proposed to address these issues.

The research focused on leveraging technology to promote the high-quality development of rural economy. Based on the development demands of rural industry prosperity, integrated urban-rural development, and green agricultural transformation, it examined the current practical situation of technology empowerment in rural economy. The research revealed that in the current process of rural economic development with technology support in China, there were four major problems. These problems restricted the deepening and implementation of technological elements in the entire rural industrial chain. To address these core issues, four dimensions-infrastructure upgrading, scientific and technological innovation achievement transformation talent team building, and system improvement were proposed to optimize in a coordinated manner. This could provide practical references for county-level regions in Southwest China to promote science and technology-driven agriculture and help improve the quality and efficiency of rural economy.

By leveraging advanced technologies such as digital technology, biotechnology, and intelligent equipment, they should scientifically configure the industrial structure and promote industrial transformation and upgrading, thereby achieving significant improvements in productivity. This process will form a characteristic of high technology, high quality, and high efficiency, injecting new impetus into rural revitalization. Especially for agricultural talents, as the core of new quality productive forces, their concepts and methods of serving rural revitalization directly relate to the future development of the countryside. Therefore, in the context of new quality productive forces, agricultural talents serving rural revitalization should adhere to the basic concepts of scientific and technological innovation, industrial integration, and talent cultivation, and conduct in-depth exploration in line with the current demands for agricultural modernization and rural governance concepts.

The research focused on core production areas such as Xinhui in Guangdong Province and Pubei in Guangxi Province, analyzing the entire production chain of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride from planting, harvesting, processing to aging. It explored the impact of different processing techniques on the quality and efficacy of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, and revealed the successful experiences and existing problems in the brand building of the Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride industry. The study showed that the Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride industry still had considerable room for improvement in standardized production, deep processing, and cultural empowerment. Based on this, this paper proposed strategic suggestions for promoting the high-quality development of the Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride industry, including improving the standard system, strengthening technological support, and deepening cultural tourism integration, with the aim of providing theoretical references and practical guidance for the transformation and upgrading of the Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride industry.

To explore effective paths for cultivating new-type professional farmers in underdeveloped regions, this paper took Qingyang City as the research object. Through field research and policy analysis methods, it analyzed the current situation and key links of professional farmer cultivation in the area. The results showed that the cultivation of professional farmers in Qingyang need to focus on four aspects: model innovation, subject empowerment, policy optimization, and mechanism guarantee, in order to effectively solve the "three modernization" predicament and inject internal driving force for agricultural and rural modernization.

This paper took Tuole Village in Panzhou City as the research object. Based on the Ecological Economics Theory, through field research, literature analysis and case studies, it had sorted out the transformation system of this village, which was centered on ecological tourism, extended by ecological industries, based on ecological culture, and guaranteed by multiple mechanisms. The research found that Tuole Village had constructed a "ecological protection-industrial development-improvement of people's livelihood" virtuous cycle, with remarkable achievements but still facing challenges such as ecological balance, seasonal dependence, and shortage of human resources and funds. Suggestions such as optimizing business models, expanding value channels, and strengthening guarantees had been proposed.

This paper examined the current practical challenges faced by agricultural development in Henan Province, such as imbalanced factor allocation, blocked technology application, and the primacy of the industrial form. It then elaborated on the contemporary value and deep logic of developing new quality productive forces for breaking through resource constraints, reshaping the industrial system, and strengthening the governance foundation. Based on the provincial conditions of Henan, it proposed systematic paths such as strengthening technological innovation and scenario application, cultivating new types of business entities, and deepening factor and system reforms, to drive the transformation of the driving force and high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas in Henan, providing solid support for the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization in Henan.

Based on the natural endowment and industrial reality of Minqin County, this paper analyzed the current development status and bottleneck issues of the entire Cucumis melo industry chain. It proposed sustainable development paths in terms of variety improvement, green production, deep processing, brand marketing, and connecting with farmers and supporting farmers, providing a reference for the high-quality development of characteristic economic crops in sandy areas.

Currently, smart agriculture in Anyang City, mainly based on Internet of Things, big data, and drone pest control, is developing rapidly. However, there are still problems such as lack of unified planning and insufficient investment in the development process. To address these issues, the following countermeasures and suggestions were proposed: establishing a cross-departmental coordination mechanism, formulating targeted policies and measures, developing agricultural moderate-scale operations, formulating the training and improvement plan for skills in Anyang City, and constructing a business model for the sustainable development of Anyang's smart agriculture.

To meet the demand for skilled personnel in precision fertilization technology in modern agriculture, this paper designed a segmented training teaching plan based on the physiological characteristics and nutrient demand patterns of maize growth cycle. The plan focused on the core training stages of "preparation for sowing -diagnosis in the seedling stage-breakthrough in the ear stage-maintenance of efficiency in the flowering and grain-filling stage", systematically designed the contents of each segment of training, and comprehensively built a diversified assessment and evaluation system, aiming to achieve the deep integration of theoretical knowledge and practical skills, as well as the teaching process and production process.

This paper addressed issues in the traditional teaching of the Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology Course by the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) concept, such as disconnections in objective alignment, insufficient support for higher-order abilities, and a singular evaluation mechanism. It conducted a teaching reform centered on course objective attainment. The reform constructed a three-tier curriculum system that integrated "cultivation objectives-graduation requirements-course objectives" and designed an implementation path characterized by the "deep integration of in-class teaching and extracurricular practice," merging theoretical classrooms, experimental platforms, and academic competitions to form a "trinity" educational model. Through the establishment of a multiple evaluation system and a continuous improvement mechanism, a two-year teaching practice was carried out. The results showed that the overall course objective attainment rate significantly increased from 0.696 to 0.784, with notable student progress in engineering knowledge, experimental skills, and innovative competencies in competitions, effectively aligning with the core requirements of engineering education accreditation for student competency development. This study provided a referable model for the systematic reform and continuous improvement of teaching quality in similar courses.

This paper proposed a systematic teaching reform plan from five dimensions. By introducing Project-Based Learning (PBL), virtual simulation technology, and the collaborative education model of industry-education integration, it strengthened the cultivation of students' engineering practical ability and innovative thinking. This paper aimed to build a curriculum teaching system that adapt to the talent training goals of mechanical engineering in the new era, and provide ideas for the reform of Mechanical Design Course in colleges and universities.

In the context of accelerating agricultural modernization, the demand for high-end technical talents in the field of agricultural machinery and equipment has become increasingly urgent. As a key channel for cultivating high-level applied talents in this field, the implementation of the industry-education integration model affects the quality of talent cultivation in the education of professional degree postgraduates majoring in mechanical engineering (agricultural machine and equipment engineering field). This paper identified the shortcomings existing in the industry-education integration process for such postgraduates, explored reform paths and measures, and provided references for constructing a sustainable industry-education integration model, aiming to supply more high-quality professionals for the upgrading of the agricultural machinery and equipment industry.

In response to the new agricultural science education concept proposed by the Party and the state, the molecular biology teaching team of the College of Tobacco Science of Guizhou University, based on the characteristics of Molecular Biology Course and in combination with the student source situation of the college, adjusted the teaching objectives for undergraduate students in molecular biology. They reorganized the content of related courses such as Genetics, Biochemistry, and Genetic Engineering in molecular biology, optimized the course structure, added experimental courses, and, in line with the characteristics of new agricultural science, deeply explored the ideological and political content of the Molecular Biology Course, providing useful references for improving students' disciplinary literacy in molecular biology and cultivating high-quality agricultural talents in the new era.

Through research, it could be found that ideological and political course reform could provide support for rural cultural revitalization by consolidating ideological foundations, cultivating key talents, and integrating diverse resources. There was an inherent coupling relationship between the two in terms of value, resources, and practice. At the same time, the integration of the two faced many difficulties such as the dual breakage of talent support and local identity, insufficient adaptability between educational supply and rural demand, suspended practice carriers and fragmented resource investment, and the lack of long-term mechanisms resulting in one-way mathematics and insufficient internal driving force. Therefore, it was necessary to promote the deep integration and two-way enabling of ideological and political course reform and rural cultural revitalization through diversified integration paths.

To address the predicaments faced by practical parts in plant production courses at open universities, based on the teaching characteristics and students' needs of open education, this study explored the innovative application paths of virtual simulation technology in the practice of these courses. This research first analyzed the existing problems in traditional planting-related course. Subsequently, testified the necessity of constructing a virtual simulation teaching system in supplementing the shortage of practical resources, adapting to students' personalized learning needs, and promoting the reform of teaching evaluation. On this basis, this study proposed strategies for constructing the virtual simulation teaching system from the dimensions of curriculum resource, ideological and political education, and evaluation system, and verifies the application effect through comparative experiments. The results showed that virtual simulation could significantly improve students' mastery of knowledge, practical operation and problem-solving ability, and had been recognized by most students. This research confirmed that virtual simulation technology could effectively solve the drawback in practical teaching of open education, helping open universities enhance the quality of applied talent cultivation, and supplying rural revitalization with professionals equipped with practical capabilities.

An investigation was conducted on the wild resources in six provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from July to September in 2025. Combined with GPS positioning sampling, a total of 55 samples were identified, and an evaluation system consisting of 7 indicators including appearance and nutrition was constructed. The comprehensive score was determined using the analytic hierarchy process. The results showed that Sichuan was the core distribution area, with an altitude range of 800~1 500 meters being the most suitable growth zone; there was a significant regional difference in the total free amino acid content, a total of 4 excellent varieties were screened out, which were suitable for fresh consumption, nutritional health care and processing purposes. The research results could provide scientific basis for the protection and industrial development of Ficus tikoua germplasm resources.

To investigate the improvement effect of bio-organic fertilizer on the growth of Eucalyptus and soil properties, using Dongmen No.29 as the material, a two-year field experiment with different proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer was conducted. The results showed that the 75% substitution treatment had the best promoting growth and soil improvement effects. The growth indicators of Eucalyptus and soil nutrients, pH value, and density were all significantly improved. It was recommended that the local Eucalyptus artificial forests adopt the fertilization mode of 75% bio-organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer.

By establishing a long-term positioning experimental area in Yanyuan County and conducting soil sampling and analysis under different rotation patterns, this study investigated the dynamic effects of rotation patterns on soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that compared with the traditional rotation pattern, the simplified rotation pattern significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen, effectively improved the soil pH, and provided favorable soil fertility conditions for the continuous high yield of local forest-underground economic crops.

To investigate the effects of drought stress on the growth and fruit quality of apple trees, an 8-year-old Changfu No.2 Red Fuji apple tree in Yanhu District of Shanxi Province was selected as the experimental subject. Four water treatments including normal irrigation, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought were set up to explore the effects of drought stress on the growth and fruit quality of apple trees. The results showed that as the severity of drought stress increased, the germination rate, fruit setting rate, new shoot growth, and fruit size of apple trees significantly decreased; net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, etc. also showed a significant downward trend; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration increased under moderate and severe drought stress, and water use efficiency increased slightly under mild drought but decreased with the aggravation of stress; drought stress significantly reduced the single fruit quality and unit area yield, while fruit quality indicators such as soluble solids, Vitamin C, and soluble sugar content increased under mild drought stress, but decreased significantly under moderate and severe drought.

To investigate the regulatory effect of Castanopsis hystrix and Pinus massoniana mixed planting on the diversity of understory plants, experiments with different mixed planting ratios and pure forest control were set up at the state-owned Liuwan Forest Farm in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The results showed that the mixed planting treatment significantly enhanced the diversity of understory plants. Among them, the Shannon index of the shrub layer in the treatment with ζ (Castanopsis hystrix∶Pinus massoniana) = (3∶7)~(5∶5) was more than 62% higher than that of the pure Pinus massoniana forest, presenting a "single peak" change trend. The analysis of environmental driving mechanisms revealed that the mixed planting ratio indirectly promoted diversity enhancement by reducing canopy density, improving understory light conditions, and promoting soil nutrient accumulation (total effect 0.71). It was recommended to adopt the same-age inter-row mixed planting mode with ζ (Castanopsis hystrix∶Pinus massoniana)=(3∶7)~(5∶5) to achieve the coordinated improvement of forest growth and biodiversity.

This study focused on a 5-year-old artificial Pinus yunnanensis forest in Yanyuan County. Five gradients of humic acid fertilizers were set up. By measuring the growth indicators of the trees, biomass accumulation, and nutrient content, the regulatory effect of humic acid on the growth and development of Pinus yunnanensis was systematically analyzed. The results showed that an appropriate amount of humic acid significantly promoted the growth of Pinus yunnanensis. Among them, the 25 kg/667 m² treatment had the best effect, with a growth rate of 1.82 cm in diameter, an increase of 49.2% compared to the control group; a growth rate of 0.86 m in tree height, an increase of 53.6%; a growth rate of 42.35% in volume, an increase of 50.5%; and the biomass and nutrient content and reserves of roots, stems, and leaves, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients, all significantly increased under this treatment, with the total biomass increasing by 51.6% compared to the control group.

Took the Yanyuan early-bearing walnut trees as the experimental subjects, an in-field experiment on foliar fertilizers was conducted in Yanyuan County. Six treatments were set up to explore the effects of foliar fertilizers on the yield and quality of Yanyuan. The results showed that compared with the control with clean water, spraying foliar fertilizers could significantly increase the yield per tree, the quality of individual fruits, and the kernel extraction rate of walnuts. Among them, the treatment of 0.5% urea+0.3% phosphoric acid potassium+800 times humic acid foliar fertilizer had the best effect, with a 28.38% increase in yield per tree and an 8.38% increase in kernel extraction rate. In terms of quality, the amino acid and humic acid foliar fertilizer compound treatment increased the protein content by 18.46%, the fat content by 14.65%, and the content of mineral elements also significantly increased.

Took the main cultivated Fuji apples in Yanyuan County as the research object, six different planting densities were set up to analyze the effects of planting density on the growth of apple trees, photosynthetic characteristics, and fruit quality. The results showed that as the tree spacing increased, the indicators such as tree height, trunk diameter, canopy size, and new shoot length all significantly improved. Low-density planting was beneficial for alleviating tree competition and promoting overall growth potential. The analysis of photosynthetic characteristics indicated that the 1.8 m tree spacing had the optimal photosynthetic rate, and the higher-density treatments increased by 20.7%, and stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were also significantly improved. In terms of fruit quality, the single fruit weight of T₄ treatment reached 195.42 g, and the soluble solids, sugar-acid ratio, and hardness of the higher-density treatments increased by 9.3%, 22.5%, and 6.3% respectively, with the best overall performance.

From 2023 to 2024, five growth regulators were applied in the field in Muli County for a field experiment to investigate the effects of different plant growth regulators on the growth and fruit quality of Red Fuji apples. The results showed that all the regulators could significantly promote tree growth. The comprehensive results indicated that benazin·glucosinolide had the best effect in increasing fruit size, sugar accumulation, and pectin content, while amino acid water-soluble fertilizer had a significant effect on the accumulation of solids and Vitamin C.

Rare native tree species are an important part of the national forest and have significant ecological, economic and social implications. This paper selected four rare native tree species as the research objects and discussed the techniques for creating artificial multi-layer mixed forests.

To investigate the effects of different pruning intensities on the growth and volume formation of Pinus tabuliformis plantations, five pruning intensity treatments were set up in Anlexi Township of Hezhang County in Guizhou Province. Tree height, stem diameter, canopy width, branch height below the ground, single tree volume, and stand volume were measured and analyzed. It was suggested to adopt a pruning intensity of 25% to 35% to optimize the growth and volume of Pinus tabuliformis, avoiding excessive pruning that leads to a decline in productivity, and providing technical references for the sustainable management of Pinus tabulifor-??mis forests in Karst mountain area.

Dairy buffalo farming plays a significant role in the economic development of animal husbandry in Nanning City. Ensuring the healthy development of the dairy buffalo farming industry is of great importance. This paper took Nanning as an example and focused on the management of dairy buffalo farming. It deeply studied the key points of scientific feeding and management techniques for dairy buffalo, including site selection and construction of dairy farms, selection and breeding of breeds, optimization of the herd structure, composition of feed types, processing and preparation of feed, staged feeding, environmental hygiene management, and biological safety management. The aim was to provide scientific technical guidance for dairy buffalo farming in Nanning and adjacent areas, and to promote the healthy development of dairy buffalo farming and the steady growth of the animal husbandry economy in Nanning.

Under the guidance of policies such as the revitalization of the seed industry, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the domestic source of white broiler, and their market share has continued to increase. The industrial scale and standardization levels have improved, promoting the development of the livestock industry. In combination with the industrial policy system and support mechanisms, this paper provided a detailed account of the current status of white broiler development, analyzed the challenges and structural contradictions faced by the white broiler industry, discussed the development trends of the white broiler industry and policy optimization suggestions, in order to achieve high-quality and sustainable development of the white broiler industry.

Camels are a distinctive and advantageous livestock species in the Altay region of Xinjiang. However, camel piroplasmosis diseases can cause significant harm to their growth, and strict prevention and control measures are necessary. Took the Altay region as an example, this paper deeply analyzed the pathogen, epidemic characteristics, clinical symptoms, pathological changes, and diagnostic key points of camel piroplasmosis, and proposed corresponding treatment methods and preventive measures, with the aim of providing scientific technical guidance and reference for the prevention and control of camel piroplasmosis in the Altay region.

This study measured seven indicators in the aquaculture water bodies of three tailwater treatment modes. It also calculated the single pollutant pollution index and removal rate of the water bodies. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the water quality indicators among the groups. Among the three water treatment modes compared in this study, the three-pool-two-basin treatment mode had the best effect, followed by the three-level filtration mode, and the bottom discharge mode performed the worst among the two.

This paper analyzed the characteristics of the variety Dadi 95. Considering the unique geographical environment and climatic conditions of Xizang, it deeply explored the suitable sowing time, sowing methods, and key points of field management for this variety in Xizang. At the same time, it analyzed the advantages and challenges of promoting the cultivation of Dadi 95 in Xizang, and looked forward to its application prospects. The aim was to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the scientific planting and industrial development of Dadi 95 in Xizang.

In response to the problems of fragmented mountainous farmland and low light energy utilization rate, this paper conducted field experiments using the soybean-maize strip intercropping method as the research object. It compared the yield differences among different planting patterns, density configurations, and variety combinations, analyzed the mechanism of increasing yield through appropriate variety combinations adapted to mountainous environments, and selected the optimal variety combination scheme and field configuration system suitable for the mountainous areas of Southwest China. This provided theoretical support and practical basis for the selection of superior varieties, improvement of quality and efficiency, and the large-scale promotion of technology for strip intercropping in mountainous areas.

In this experiment, 6 biological pesticides and clear water were used as the control for a total of 7 treatments. The reduction rates of pest populations and corrected control efficacy were analyzed at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after application. The results showed that 0.5% chelidonine and 0.3% aristolochic acid had the best persistence, with control efficacies reaching 69.21% and 50.84% respectively at 14 days after application; Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) had significant rapid efficacy, with a control efficacy of 63.42% one day after application. The control efficacy of each pesticide decreased with the extension of application time. Considering the local climate characteristics of drought and little rainfall in Gansu Suzhou maize production area, it was recommended to alternately use chelidonine, aristolochic acid, and Bt to achieve green control of Helicoverpa armigera in this area.

To determine the most appropriate proportion of organic fertilizer application for the Huimin County Huangjinliang MY73 maize variety, in order to achieve a coordinated increase in yield and economic benefits, this experiment set up 5 treatments with different proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer. A random block design was adopted to explore its impact on the yield composition and economic benefits of this variety. The results showed that the maize yield increased initially with the increase in the proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer, but then decreased. In the planting of the Huimin County Huangjinliang MY73 variety, the 60% organic fertilizer replacement of chemical fertilizer model could balance both yield and economic benefits, making it an optimal cultivation plan for high-quality and high-yield in the local area.

To explore the suitable high-yield and stable-yield cultivation model for the main wheat-producing areas in the Huaihuaihai Plain, this study used the local main variety Jimai 22 as the material and conducted a field experiment in Chengwu County during the winter wheat growing season from 2022 to 2023. The experiment adopted a two-factor design, setting 3 planting densities and 2 nitrogen application levels, totaling 6 treatment combinations, to study their effects on the lodging rate, yield, and its constituent factors of Jimai 22. The results showed that the planting density and nitrogen application level had significant interaction effects on wheat lodging and yield. The treatment of 25×10⁴ plants/667 m² basic population combined with 18 kg/667 m² nitrogen fertilizer achieved a balance between high yield and resistance to lodging, with a yield of 525.36 kg/667 m² and a lodging rate controlled at 8.34%. The study provided theoretical basis and technical support for the high-yield and stable-yield cultivation of wheat in Chengwu County.

To screen out efficient pesticides for controlling the rapeseed downy mildew disease that are suitable for the ecological environment of Xizang, this experiment used the main cultivated variety Zangyou No.5 as the material, and adopted a random block design. Seven treatments were set up. Through field plot experiments, the effects of different pesticides on the control of rapeseed downy mildew, their safety, and yield were studied. The optimal control pesticide and application scheme were clarified. The results showed that there were significant differences in the efficacy, safety, and yield-increasing effects of different pesticides. Comprehensive analysis indicated that treatments A and B could be the preferred pesticides for controlling rapeseed downy mildew in Xizang. It was recommended that they be applied starting from the initial flowering stage, with a 7-day interval for two consecutive applications, and alternating use to delay the emergence of drug resistance. This experiment could provide technical support for the green disease control in the local area.

This paper took Baisha Town of Jiangjin District in Chongqing City as an example, systematically reviewed and standardized the key technologies of the soybean-maize strip intercropping method. It focused on aspects such as variety selection, seed treatment, sowing time, strip configuration, land preparation and sowing, field management, and green control of diseases, pests, and weeds. This provided a reference for the promotion and application of this technology in Jiangjin District and surrounding areas, and aimed to achieve the production goal of stable maize yield and increased soybean production.

Rice-rapeseed rotation is a typical water-land rotation system. Through the complementarity of the two crops in ecological niches and nutrient demands, it effectively alleviates the problems caused by continuous cropping. This paper integrated a set of high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques for rice-rapeseed rotation based on the actual situation in Wuhu area, aiming to provide technical support for agricultural production and promote the transformation and upgrading as well as sustainable development of agriculture.

Based on the production practice of Allium fistulosum in Linquan County, this paper systematically summarized the highyield cultivation technology system of Allium fistulosum in Linquan County from key links such as variety selection, seedling cultivation techniques, field planting and management, green control of diseases and pests, and post-harvest processing. It provided scientific and feasible technical guidance for grassroots growers and helps improve the quality and efficiency of the Allium fistulosum industry in Linquan County.

To clarify the field control effect of biological pesticides on wheat Fusarium head blight, wheat Fusarium head blight was selected as the target disease for control. A field efficacy test was conducted at the Agricultural Science and Technology Experiment Base in Shouguang City. The efficacy of Bacillus subtilis wettable powder against wheat Fusarium head blight and the safety of the crop were determined. This study confirmed that Bacillus subtilis had stable control effect on wheat Fusarium head blight under suitable environmental conditions and had high crop safety. It could replace or reduce the use of some chemical pesticides, providing scientific basis and data support for the construction of a green comprehensive control technology system for wheat Fusarium head blight.

In order to efficiently utilize land resources and increase economic benefits, based on production practice, this paper summarized the three-in-one vertical planting cultivation technology of inter-cropping Benincasa hispida and watermelon with chili peppers. The key technical points included variety selection, pre-planting preparations, planting methods, post-planting management, and pest and disease control. The goal was to achieve a pure income of 48 000 yuan per crop, maximizing the benefits of the solar greenhouse. This technology was suitable for promotion and application in the Alar region.

Yueyang Agricultural Science Research Institute selected Shengtaiyou 018 as the test variety and set up 3 treatments to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the agronomic traits, yield, and fertilizer utilization rate of rice. The results showed that soil testing and formulated fertilization could significantly improve the agronomic traits of rice, with the effective spike number, per-spike grain number, and thousand-grain weight increasing by 5.2%, 6.2%, and 1.2% respectively, and the rice yield increasing by 7.8%, significantly improving the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. In conclusion, soil testing and formulated fertilization could achieve the goals of increasing yield, improving quality, reducing costs, and increasing efficiency for Shengtaiyou 018, and could be widely promoted on a large scale.

Based on the damage caused by Sphacelotheca reiliana, this paper focused on the aspects such as the selection and application of disease-resistant varieties, control of the initial infection source, strengthening of cultivation management during the seedling stage, and application of chemical treatments, and proposed comprehensive control measures, with the aim of providing experience and reference for the prevention and control of Sphacelotheca reiliana.

To address the issues of low standardization in the cultivation of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium in Xiuning County, as well as the lax management in the field, based on the local subtropical monsoon climate, mountainous and hilly terrain, and characteristics of red and yellow soils, combined with the quality requirements of Chrysanthemum morifolium Huangshan Gongju, a systematic integration of key technologies such as site selection and preparation, seedling cultivation, field regulation, and green control was carried out to form a standardized technical system that could directly guide farmers' operations. This provided technical support for improving the quality and efficiency of the Chrysanthemum morifolium industry in Xiuning County and promoting rural revitalization.

To meet the requirements for high-quality and efficient production of mountain-grown Actinidia chinensis, based on the regional ecological characteristics and multiple field experiments, a comprehensive cultivation technology system integrating variety selection and configuration, soil water and fertilizer regulation, tree pruning and management, detailed flower and fruit management, and green disease and pest control were integrated and constructed. This provided practical reference and technical support for the green standardized cultivation of Actinidia chinensis in southern mountainous areas.

To explore the high-yield and high-quality cultivation mode of summer soybeans suitable for the ecological conditions of Jinping County, using the local main variety Qiandou No.12 as the material, three sowing methods and three fertilization levels were set up, resulting in a total of 7 treatments. The effects of different treatments on the agronomic traits, yield, and quality of soybeans were studied. The results showed that different treatments had significant effects on soybean plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, hundred-grain weight, and seed yield. Under the ecological conditions of Jinping County, the combination of wide and narrow row sowing (60 cm+40 cm) and 300 kg/hm² compound fertilizer was a preferable cultivation mode for achieving high yield and high quality of Qiandou No.12.

Took the Salvia miltiorrhiza planting in Zhengning area as the research object, five gradient density treatments were set up to systematically analyze the effects of planting density on the growth dynamics, yield composition and medicinal component accumulation of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The results showed that the medium-density treatment had the best overall benefits, and its key growth indicators such as plant height and stem diameter during the seedling stage and flowering stage were significantly better than those of other treatments. In conclusion, 125 000 plants/hm² was the ideal planting density for high-quality and high-yield production of local Salvia miltiorrhiza, which could provide technical references for standardized cultivation.

This experiment was conducted in Quanjiao County. Using the indica-type three-line hybrid rice variety Jiuyouyuehesi as the material, five fertilization treatments were set up to study the effects of different ratios of slow-release and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers on rice yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, and economic benefits. Slow-release and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers could effectively coordinate the population structure of rice, improve nitrogen absorption efficiency, and reduce nitrogen loss. This was a fertilization mode suitable for the simplified and efficient production of rice in Quanjiao County.

To screen out efficient control agents for wheat stem-end rot disease in Juye area of Shandong Province, a field comparison experiment of six agents was conducted from 2023 to 2024. The results showed that the 48% oximeoxazoline·zoxamide (T₃) treatment had the best efficacy. From the emergence stage to the filling stage, the disease index decreased by 56.1%, 56.7%, and 58.3% compared with the control (CK) without treatment, significantly inhibiting the spread of the disease. At the same time, this treatment promoted the growth of wheat seedlings, with an increase of 5.3%, 9.1%, and 19.2% in plant height, root length, and tiller number, respectively. The number of grains per spike and the thousand-grain weight increased by 8.2% and 6.1%, respectively, and the final yield increased by 14.8%, making it the best among the six treatments. Therefore, it was recommended as the preferred control agent for wheat stem-end rot disease in the local area to achieve the dual goals of disease green control and yield increase.

To clarify the application effect of different proportions of commercial organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizers in rice production in Tongcheng City, using Y-liangyou 900 as the experimental material, 5 substitution ratio treatments were set up. Through a randomized block field experiment, the influence on the yield components, yield and economic benefits of rice was explored. Both 25% and 50% substitution of commercial organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizers were economically feasible fertilization methods. Among them, the 50% substitution had the best comprehensive effect and could provide scientific fertilization basis for the green, high-quality and efficient production of Y-liangyou 900 in Tongcheng City.

TIn response to the "low nitrogen and low carbon" characteristics of the soil in the dry farming area of the Longzhong Loess Plateau and the problem of excessive application of chemical fertilizers, this study explored the optimal proportion of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizers to achieve green increase in potato yield and efficient synergy of resources. The experiment set up 6 treatments to measure yield, quality and fertilizer utilization rate, and combined with ¹⁵N tracing to quantify the nitrogen utilization mechanism. The conclusion showed that 20% organic substitution by matching slow-release nutrients with the peak nutrient demand, activating soil phosphorus and potassium, and enhancing carbon metabolism was a preliminary optimized technical paradigm for achieving "equivalent nutrient substitution of 20% chemical fertilizers-5.4% increase in yield-improvement in quality and efficiency" in arid areas.

To investigate the effects of close planting and water‑nitrogen coupling on the yield of seed maize and its formation process, a three‑factor orthogonal design was employed in this study, with three irrigation levels, three nitrogen application levels, and three planting densities. The regulatory effects of different treatments on agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation, yield components, and yield of seed maize were systematically analyzed. The results showed that different treatments had varying effects on agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation, yield components, and yield of seed maize. Among them, the W₂N₁D₃ treatment exhibited relatively high levels of kernels per row and single ear weight, and achieved the highest yield of 687.95 kg/667m², which was significantly higher than those of the W₃N₂D₁ and W₂N₀D₁ treatments. It was recommended that in this region, an irrigation amount of 250 m³/667 m², nitrogen application rate of 15 kg/667m², and planting density of 85 000 plants/667m² (W₂N₁D₃) be adopted to achieve both high yield and high efficiency in seed maize production.