Most ReadPatients with hypertension often experience comorbid depression, and this co-occurrence significantly increases cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk. A complex bidirectional relationship exists between hypertension and depression, where depression can exacerbate the progression of hypertension, and the course of hypertension can also induce mood disorders. The pathogenesis of their comorbidity involves multisystem interactions, including genetic susceptibility, overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system(RAS), dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, immune-inflammatory responses, and intestinal flora/metabolic abnormalities. Based on these mechanisms, characteristic biomarkers such as inflammatory factors, epigenetic regulation, vascular function, and neuroplasticity provide a basis for early disease identification. This paper systematically elaborates on the mechanisms and potential biomarkers of hypertension-depression comorbidity, aiming to offer new insights for its precise intervention.
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