Accurately identifying the stage boundaries and characteristic attributes of agricultural mechanization development is a logical prerequisite for following objective laws and promoting the high-quality development of the industry. This paper took the phased laws of social and economic form evolution as the theoretical foundation of Marxist historical materialism, combined the discussion on the particularity of phased contradictions in On Contradiction, and based on the division standards of agricultural mechanization development stages established in NY/T 1408.1—2007 Evaluation of Agricultural Mechanization Level-Part 1: Crop Cultivation it conducted a systematic stage division and characteristic decomposition of China's 77-year development process of agricultural mechanization from 1949 to 2025, from the two dimensions of production mode transformation and employment structure transformation. The research findings indicated that China's agricultural mechanization had successively gone through the primary stage (from 1949 to 2006), characterized by a focus on the modularization, and the intermediate stage (from 2007 to 2025), characterized by a focus on the full-processization. Currently, it was in a critical transitional period as it was moving towards the advanced stage. The primary stage presented the basic attributes of traditional production methods dominating, partial penetration of mechanization, and a relatively low development rate. The employment structure experienced a historical turning point from "increasing machines and increasing people" to "increasing machines and reducing people". The intermediate stage, driven by institutional supply and policy dividends, achieved a historic leap in the full-process mechanization of major crop production. Mechanized production methods established a dominant position, and the total power of agricultural machinery, the comprehensive production capacity of grain, and agricultural labor productivity all achieved a quantitative leap. The social employment structure completed a fundamental reconfiguration from "one, three, two" to "three, two, one". The advanced stage would be characterized by comprehensive, intelligent, and green as its core indicators, pointing to the coverage of agricultural mechanization in all fields and all links and the empowerment of new quality productive forces in industrial upgrading. This paper verified the scientificity and applicability of the division criteria for the stages of agricultural mechanization, clarifies the historical position that China's agricultural mechanization was about to enter the advanced stage, and could provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for the high-quality development of agricultural machinery equipment in the "15th Five-Year Plan" period and the selection of the path for building an agricultural power.

To address large seasonal temperature differences, heavy grid dependence, and manual decision-making in solar greenhouses in Shanxi Province, this study designed an intelligent temperature and humidity control system based on the NY/T 3744-2020 standard and fruit vegetable growth requirements. The system integrated Fresnel lens high-concentration photovoltaic (CPV) technology, using PV power, a charge/discharge controller, and a battery to drive fans, film rollers, and supplemental lights. The control strategy combines PID control, threshold decision-making, and battery protection rules. MATLAB dynamic simulations under typical spring and summer weather conditions (using tomatoes as an example) showed that the system achieved the required temperature and humidity control accuracy, daily power generation meets the full-day load demand, and the battery remains in a safe operating state.

This paper explored the influence mechanism of the density, stiffness, damping, and acoustic properties of impeller materials on the vibration and noise of pumps. Combined with the measured data from typical pumping stations in hydropower engineering, the vibration and noise performance of pumps with different material impellers was analyzed, providing a theoretical basis for pump noise reduction design and material selection.

Using the Passiflora edulis 'Golden' variety Qinguo No.9 as the object, the "Digital and Intelligent Farming" smart agriculture management system was designed. This system realized core functional modules such as real-time display of all elements of agricultural production activities, planting recommendations, production management, intelligent monitoring, and human-computer interaction assistants. Through multi-scenario field tests, the system could save 20% to 28% of irrigation water in the field, reduce fertilizer application by 18% to 26%, and increase crop yield by 15% to 25%.

To address the problems of scattered data, cumbersome processes, and delayed decision-making in traditional agricultural management, this paper designed and implemented a data acquisition and farm work management system for the crop growth cycle based on Web technology. By integrating and managing multi-dimensional information such as user data, crop information, growth records, and environmental data, the system achieves full-process digital tracking from crop planting to harvest. The system adopted a B/S (Browser/Server) architecture and provided nine core functional modules, including data acquisition, intelligent query, warning management, and statistical analysis. Test results showed that the system was easy to operate, functionally complete, and could effectively improve the standardization and informatization level of farmland management.

At present, there is a problem of "emphasizing construction but neglecting management" in the construction of high-standard farmland in our country. The irrigation methods are still rather simplistic, and the mechanization level is relatively low. To address these issues, this paper proposed a three-layer architecture of "cloud-system-terminal", elaborated on the specific implementation paths of the perception layer, transmission layer and application layer, analyzed the methods of heterogeneous network integration, hardware equipment selection and system integration, and discussed the construction and operation maintenance models in combination with practice. The results showed that this system could control water and fertilizer very accurately, save a lot of labor, and provide a reference model for agricultural informatization construction.

The improvement of motion control precision in agricultural irrigation robots is a key technology for achieving precision agriculture. By constructing a multi-sensor fusion positioning control system and an improved PID motion control algorithm, combined with path planning optimization and dynamic error compensation mechanisms, the robot's operational performance has been significantly enhanced. The Extended Kalman Filter algorithm realizes the fusion of multi-source information from GPS and IMU, while the adaptive PID controller improves system response characteristics. Experimental results showed that positioning accuracy improved from ±15.2 cm to ±3.1 cm, trajectory tracking accuracy reached ±2.5 cm, irrigation uniformity coefficient reached 92.5%, and system stability index reached 0.91.

The typical maize-growing area in Tancheng was selected as the experimental area, and traditional round rollers, multi-angled rollers, and rigid-flexible coupled rollers were selected for field comparative experiments. The results showed that the rigid-flexible coupled roller performed better in reducing the grain breakage rate, drop rate, and improving the fruit ear integrity rate, and had certain advantages in energy consumption control and operation efficiency. The results of orthogonal experiments and variance analysis indicated that the roller speed and roller gap had significant effects on the loss reduction effect, with the optimal combination being a roller speed of 950 r/min and a roller gap of 30 mm. The mechanism analysis showed that the flexible buffer layer could effectively disperse the impact force, improve the force state of the fruit ear, and thereby reduce the risk of grain damage. This study provided theoretical basis and practical reference for the structural optimization and parameter matching of the ear-threshing device of maize harvesters.

This paper introduced the principles, characteristics and advantages of mechanized deep plowing technology, and sorted out the practical obstacles that prevented farmers from adopting this technology. It also analyzed the shortcomings of the current support system in aspects such as subsidy distribution, supporting services, and supervision and publicity, and proposed improvement measures from dimensions such as differentiated subsidy design, agricultural technology support guarantee, and publicity and training, with the aim of optimizing the promotion system of deep plowing technology and facilitating soil conservation and the green and sustainable development of agriculture.

Infrared camera technology, with its non-invasive, all-weather, and wide-range monitoring characteristics, has become a key technical support for wildlife disease prevention and control in forest and grassland areas. This paper first explained the principles and advantages of infrared camera technology, systematically reviewed its specific applications in wildlife disease monitoring, and evaluated the effectiveness of application through practical cases in typical forest and grassland areas. It provided theoretical references and practical basis for precise monitoring, risk early warning, and ecological security guarantee of wildlife diseases in forest and grassland areas.

Took Minle County as the research area, based on field investigations and data analysis, this paper expounded the difficulties faced by drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation technologies in their promotion at the grassroots level, including high initial investment, insufficient technical awareness, mismatched infrastructure, complex operation and management, and an imperfect policy support system. By comparing the applicability of the two technologies, this paper proposed improvement countermeasures such as hierarchical and categorized subsidies, improving the technical service system, promoting the integration of "agronomy-machinery-water conservancy", innovating management and operation models, and improving the water price and water rights mechanism, with the aim of providing reference for the large-scale promotion of efficient water-saving irrigation technologies in similar regions.

Took the Nanyang section of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project as an example, by analyzing the regional and engineering characteristics, types of ecological risks, and governance practices, the key links of collaborative governance were analyzed. A mechanism construction idea was proposed based on the premise of responsibility division, support of information sharing, handling of monitoring and early warning and emergency linkage as the main focus, guarantee of coordinated law enforcement and daily supervision as the support, and support of funds, personnel, and assessment and evaluation as the basis. Further optimization paths were proposed in aspects such as source reduction and ecological restoration of small watersheds, ecological compensation and behavioral incentives, resilience management during sensitive periods, social co-governance and improvement of grassroots capabilities, and full life-cycle management of projects, to promote the collaborative governance of major engineering water source areas under the constraint of high-standard water supply.

To enhance the energy-saving level of tobacco drying, an in-depth comparative study was conducted on the application effects of open-type, closed-type, and semi-open-type air-source heat pumped in tobacco drying. Through theoretical calculations and field tests, it was found that the semi-open-type unit, relying on the synergy of heat recovery from waste heat and dynamic moisture removal, had the lowest power consumption for drying dry tobacco leaves, demonstrating significant energy-saving advantages. The research results could provide a basis for the selection and promotion of tobacco drying heat pump equipment.

Centering on the topic of the deep integration of agricultural mechanization and agricultural techniques in mountainous areas of Guizhou, this paper systematically explored the theoretical basis, practical challenges, and solutions for the integration of agricultural machinery and agricultural techniques. The research showed that at present, mountainous agriculture in Guizhou was constrained by complex natural conditions, scattered and fragmented plots, and diverse agricultural techniques. The adaptability between the research and promotion of agricultural machinery and the existing requirements of agricultural production was insufficient, and the degree of integration of agricultural machinery and agricultural techniques was low. This had become a key bottleneck restricting the modernization of mountainous agriculture. It was necessary to coordinate efforts from multiple dimensions such as infrastructure renovation, unified agricultural standards, talent team building, market entity cultivation, and information resource integration to jointly build a integrative development system of agricultural machinery and agricultural techniques that was suitable for the characteristics of mountainous areas in Guizhou, providing solid support for the modernization of mountainous agriculture in Guizhou.

This paper aimed to systematically study the key technologies applied by Freshippo throughout the entire supply chain preservation process, including origin-source preservation, intelligent cold chain logistics, intelligent warehousing and processing, store-level precise preservation, and digital sales warning. Through in-depth analysis of its technical architecture, operation mode, and application cases, combined with data and charts for comparison, it demonstrated the effectiveness of this system in reducing losses, improving quality, and ensuring food safety.

This study focused on the water diversion project system of the Yellow River's middle and lower reaches centered around the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, systematically analyzing its mechanisms and effectiveness in flood control and disaster reduction as well as agricultural irrigation guarantee. Historical operation data and typical cases showed that the Xiaolangdi Reservoir had a stable reduction ratio of more than 40% in flood peak flow, significantly enhancing the flood control standard. At the same time, through water storage regulation and cross-regional water transfer, it could effectively guarantee water supply for downstream and cross-regional irrigation during dry periods, supporting food security and ecological security. The study also pointed out that the project operation still faced challenges such as extreme climate and water resource competition, and further optimization of scheduling strategies and improvement of collaborative management levels were needed. The research results could provide scientific basis for the refined scheduling of water diversion projects and sustainable management of water resources in the basin, and were of great significance for ensuring national water security, food security and ecological security.

In response to the difficulty in quantifying the efficiency of agricultural machinery operations in our country, this paper took the combine harvester for wheat in the the Huanghuaihai Plain as the object, and built a model for evaluating and predicting the efficiency of agricultural machinery based on time series analysis, aiming to promote the improvement of the efficiency of agricultural machinery operations. Firstly, a multi-dimensional efficiency evaluation system including time utilization rate and average fuel consumption was established based on the operation log data; secondly, the STL decomposition method was used to eliminate the long-term and seasonal trend of the efficiency sequence; finally, the efficiency prediction was carried out.

This paper aimed to explore the mechanism and empirical effect of agricultural green innovation on the integration of rural industries. Based on theoretical analysis, research hypotheses were proposed, and an empirical test was conducted using provincial panel data of China from 2010 to 2023. The focus was on examining the influence mechanism and regional heterogeneity. The study found that agricultural green innovation had a significant promoting effect on the overall integration of rural industries, but there were regional differences. The eastern and central regions showed a positive effect, while the western region exhibited a restraining effect. The mechanism analysis indicated that agricultural green innovation mainly promoted rural industry integration through reducing energy consumption. The research conclusion provided empirical evidence for understanding the role of agricultural green innovation in regional coordinated development.

This paper took Nanyang City as the research object, focusing on the "low air+cultural and tourism" integrated innovation development model, deeply exploring the rural characteristics, and had explored a sustainable practical path that was in line with the local reality. By reviewing the development status, achievements and existing problems of the "low air+cultural and tourism" projects in Nanyang City, based on the unique rural resource endowment of Nanyang City, specific solutions were proposed to promote the integrated development of the "low air+cultural and tourism" projects in Nanyang City, and also provide reference and inspiration for the integrated development of Low Air Economy and rural cultural tourism in similar regions.

Currently, the digital transformation of the entire agricultural industry chain faces common obstacles such as the structural imbalance and functional mismatch of digital infrastructure, the obstruction of the circulation of data elements and the dilemma of value release, the systematic lack of comprehensive digital talents, and the imperfect institutional guarantee and market incentive systems. To this end, it is necessary to form a sustainable development ecosystem by improving multi-party collaborative promotion mechanisms such as infrastructure co-construction and sharing mechanisms, data element circulation and governance mechanisms, talent training and collaborative innovation mechanisms, policy and institutional guarantees, and market incentive mechanisms, so as to break through the bottleneck of digital transformation of the entire agricultural industry chain, truly release the enabling effect of digital technology on the entire agricultural chain, and inject strong impetus into agricultural and rural modernization.

This paper took cross-border E-commerce as an example to analyze the internal mechanism by which the digital economy empowered agricultural trade between Henan and ASEAN. This included four mechanisms: digital supply chain integration, digital marketing and brand building, digital production and quality control, and digital services and ecological support. The effectiveness of this empowerment was evaluated from three dimensions: macro trade performance, micro entity growth, and industrial and regional development. The study also pointed out the current challenges such as asymmetry in digital infrastructure and rules, barriers to cross-border data flow and trust, and shortage of specialized talents. It proposed countermeasures such as jointly building digital infrastructure, constructing a trustworthy data circulation system, and improving talent incubation mechanisms, with the aim of providing theoretical basis and practical paths for deepening regional agricultural cooperation and promoting inland opening-up.

In the context of the low-altitude economy, this paper systematically explored the theoretical basis and industrial chain composition of the integration of general aviation and rural tourism. The study revealed that the current situation of rural tourism resources and aviation infrastructure in Henan Province was facing challenges such as airspace approval bottlenecks, insufficient human resources and operational capabilities, product homogeneity, and inadequate safety guarantees. To address these issues, this paper proposed four strategies to promote the deep integration and sustainable development of the low-altitude economy and rural tourism in Henan Province.

In order to explore the impact of E-commerce live streaming on farmers' income and rural employment, a questionnaire survey was conducted among farmers engaged in jujube planting in Xinzheng and E-commerce live streaming practitioners. The questionnaire data were analyzed in detail, revealing the specific paths through which E-commerce live streaming helped increase the income of jujube planters, as well as its driving effect on the rural employment structure. However, problems such as weak infrastructure and shortage of professional talents still constrain the further development of the industry, and corresponding countermeasures need to be proposed to address these issues.

The research focused on leveraging technology to promote the high-quality development of rural economy. Based on the development demands of rural industry prosperity, integrated urban-rural development, and green agricultural transformation, it examined the current practical situation of technology empowerment in rural economy. The research revealed that in the current process of rural economic development with technology support in China, there were four major problems. These problems restricted the deepening and implementation of technological elements in the entire rural industrial chain. To address these core issues, four dimensions-infrastructure upgrading, scientific and technological innovation achievement transformation talent team building, and system improvement were proposed to optimize in a coordinated manner. This could provide practical references for county-level regions in Southwest China to promote science and technology-driven agriculture and help improve the quality and efficiency of rural economy.

By leveraging advanced technologies such as digital technology, biotechnology, and intelligent equipment, they should scientifically configure the industrial structure and promote industrial transformation and upgrading, thereby achieving significant improvements in productivity. This process will form a characteristic of high technology, high quality, and high efficiency, injecting new impetus into rural revitalization. Especially for agricultural talents, as the core of new quality productive forces, their concepts and methods of serving rural revitalization directly relate to the future development of the countryside. Therefore, in the context of new quality productive forces, agricultural talents serving rural revitalization should adhere to the basic concepts of scientific and technological innovation, industrial integration, and talent cultivation, and conduct in-depth exploration in line with the current demands for agricultural modernization and rural governance concepts.

The research focused on core production areas such as Xinhui in Guangdong Province and Pubei in Guangxi Province, analyzing the entire production chain of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride from planting, harvesting, processing to aging. It explored the impact of different processing techniques on the quality and efficacy of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, and revealed the successful experiences and existing problems in the brand building of the Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride industry. The study showed that the Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride industry still had considerable room for improvement in standardized production, deep processing, and cultural empowerment. Based on this, this paper proposed strategic suggestions for promoting the high-quality development of the Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride industry, including improving the standard system, strengthening technological support, and deepening cultural tourism integration, with the aim of providing theoretical references and practical guidance for the transformation and upgrading of the Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride industry.

To explore effective paths for cultivating new-type professional farmers in underdeveloped regions, this paper took Qingyang City as the research object. Through field research and policy analysis methods, it analyzed the current situation and key links of professional farmer cultivation in the area. The results showed that the cultivation of professional farmers in Qingyang need to focus on four aspects: model innovation, subject empowerment, policy optimization, and mechanism guarantee, in order to effectively solve the "three modernization" predicament and inject internal driving force for agricultural and rural modernization.

This paper took Tuole Village in Panzhou City as the research object. Based on the Ecological Economics Theory, through field research, literature analysis and case studies, it had sorted out the transformation system of this village, which was centered on ecological tourism, extended by ecological industries, based on ecological culture, and guaranteed by multiple mechanisms. The research found that Tuole Village had constructed a "ecological protection-industrial development-improvement of people's livelihood" virtuous cycle, with remarkable achievements but still facing challenges such as ecological balance, seasonal dependence, and shortage of human resources and funds. Suggestions such as optimizing business models, expanding value channels, and strengthening guarantees had been proposed.

This paper examined the current practical challenges faced by agricultural development in Henan Province, such as imbalanced factor allocation, blocked technology application, and the primacy of the industrial form. It then elaborated on the contemporary value and deep logic of developing new quality productive forces for breaking through resource constraints, reshaping the industrial system, and strengthening the governance foundation. Based on the provincial conditions of Henan, it proposed systematic paths such as strengthening technological innovation and scenario application, cultivating new types of business entities, and deepening factor and system reforms, to drive the transformation of the driving force and high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas in Henan, providing solid support for the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization in Henan.

Based on the natural endowment and industrial reality of Minqin County, this paper analyzed the current development status and bottleneck issues of the entire Cucumis melo industry chain. It proposed sustainable development paths in terms of variety improvement, green production, deep processing, brand marketing, and connecting with farmers and supporting farmers, providing a reference for the high-quality development of characteristic economic crops in sandy areas.

Currently, smart agriculture in Anyang City, mainly based on Internet of Things, big data, and drone pest control, is developing rapidly. However, there are still problems such as lack of unified planning and insufficient investment in the development process. To address these issues, the following countermeasures and suggestions were proposed: establishing a cross-departmental coordination mechanism, formulating targeted policies and measures, developing agricultural moderate-scale operations, formulating the training and improvement plan for skills in Anyang City, and constructing a business model for the sustainable development of Anyang's smart agriculture.

To meet the demand for skilled personnel in precision fertilization technology in modern agriculture, this paper designed a segmented training teaching plan based on the physiological characteristics and nutrient demand patterns of maize growth cycle. The plan focused on the core training stages of "preparation for sowing -diagnosis in the seedling stage-breakthrough in the ear stage-maintenance of efficiency in the flowering and grain-filling stage", systematically designed the contents of each segment of training, and comprehensively built a diversified assessment and evaluation system, aiming to achieve the deep integration of theoretical knowledge and practical skills, as well as the teaching process and production process.

This paper addressed issues in the traditional teaching of the Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology Course by the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) concept, such as disconnections in objective alignment, insufficient support for higher-order abilities, and a singular evaluation mechanism. It conducted a teaching reform centered on course objective attainment. The reform constructed a three-tier curriculum system that integrated "cultivation objectives-graduation requirements-course objectives" and designed an implementation path characterized by the "deep integration of in-class teaching and extracurricular practice," merging theoretical classrooms, experimental platforms, and academic competitions to form a "trinity" educational model. Through the establishment of a multiple evaluation system and a continuous improvement mechanism, a two-year teaching practice was carried out. The results showed that the overall course objective attainment rate significantly increased from 0.696 to 0.784, with notable student progress in engineering knowledge, experimental skills, and innovative competencies in competitions, effectively aligning with the core requirements of engineering education accreditation for student competency development. This study provided a referable model for the systematic reform and continuous improvement of teaching quality in similar courses.

This paper proposed a systematic teaching reform plan from five dimensions. By introducing Project-Based Learning (PBL), virtual simulation technology, and the collaborative education model of industry-education integration, it strengthened the cultivation of students' engineering practical ability and innovative thinking. This paper aimed to build a curriculum teaching system that adapt to the talent training goals of mechanical engineering in the new era, and provide ideas for the reform of Mechanical Design Course in colleges and universities.

In the context of accelerating agricultural modernization, the demand for high-end technical talents in the field of agricultural machinery and equipment has become increasingly urgent. As a key channel for cultivating high-level applied talents in this field, the implementation of the industry-education integration model affects the quality of talent cultivation in the education of professional degree postgraduates majoring in mechanical engineering (agricultural machine and equipment engineering field). This paper identified the shortcomings existing in the industry-education integration process for such postgraduates, explored reform paths and measures, and provided references for constructing a sustainable industry-education integration model, aiming to supply more high-quality professionals for the upgrading of the agricultural machinery and equipment industry.

In response to the new agricultural science education concept proposed by the Party and the state, the molecular biology teaching team of the College of Tobacco Science of Guizhou University, based on the characteristics of Molecular Biology Course and in combination with the student source situation of the college, adjusted the teaching objectives for undergraduate students in molecular biology. They reorganized the content of related courses such as Genetics, Biochemistry, and Genetic Engineering in molecular biology, optimized the course structure, added experimental courses, and, in line with the characteristics of new agricultural science, deeply explored the ideological and political content of the Molecular Biology Course, providing useful references for improving students' disciplinary literacy in molecular biology and cultivating high-quality agricultural talents in the new era.

Through research, it could be found that ideological and political course reform could provide support for rural cultural revitalization by consolidating ideological foundations, cultivating key talents, and integrating diverse resources. There was an inherent coupling relationship between the two in terms of value, resources, and practice. At the same time, the integration of the two faced many difficulties such as the dual breakage of talent support and local identity, insufficient adaptability between educational supply and rural demand, suspended practice carriers and fragmented resource investment, and the lack of long-term mechanisms resulting in one-way mathematics and insufficient internal driving force. Therefore, it was necessary to promote the deep integration and two-way enabling of ideological and political course reform and rural cultural revitalization through diversified integration paths.

To address the predicaments faced by practical parts in plant production courses at open universities, based on the teaching characteristics and students' needs of open education, this study explored the innovative application paths of virtual simulation technology in the practice of these courses. This research first analyzed the existing problems in traditional planting-related course. Subsequently, testified the necessity of constructing a virtual simulation teaching system in supplementing the shortage of practical resources, adapting to students' personalized learning needs, and promoting the reform of teaching evaluation. On this basis, this study proposed strategies for constructing the virtual simulation teaching system from the dimensions of curriculum resource, ideological and political education, and evaluation system, and verifies the application effect through comparative experiments. The results showed that virtual simulation could significantly improve students' mastery of knowledge, practical operation and problem-solving ability, and had been recognized by most students. This research confirmed that virtual simulation technology could effectively solve the drawback in practical teaching of open education, helping open universities enhance the quality of applied talent cultivation, and supplying rural revitalization with professionals equipped with practical capabilities.

An investigation was conducted on the wild resources in six provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from July to September in 2025. Combined with GPS positioning sampling, a total of 55 samples were identified, and an evaluation system consisting of 7 indicators including appearance and nutrition was constructed. The comprehensive score was determined using the analytic hierarchy process. The results showed that Sichuan was the core distribution area, with an altitude range of 800~1 500 meters being the most suitable growth zone; there was a significant regional difference in the total free amino acid content, a total of 4 excellent varieties were screened out, which were suitable for fresh consumption, nutritional health care and processing purposes. The research results could provide scientific basis for the protection and industrial development of Ficus tikoua germplasm resources.

To investigate the improvement effect of bio-organic fertilizer on the growth of Eucalyptus and soil properties, using Dongmen No.29 as the material, a two-year field experiment with different proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer was conducted. The results showed that the 75% substitution treatment had the best promoting growth and soil improvement effects. The growth indicators of Eucalyptus and soil nutrients, pH value, and density were all significantly improved. It was recommended that the local Eucalyptus artificial forests adopt the fertilization mode of 75% bio-organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer.

By establishing a long-term positioning experimental area in Yanyuan County and conducting soil sampling and analysis under different rotation patterns, this study investigated the dynamic effects of rotation patterns on soil physical and chemical properties. The results showed that compared with the traditional rotation pattern, the simplified rotation pattern significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available nitrogen, effectively improved the soil pH, and provided favorable soil fertility conditions for the continuous high yield of local forest-underground economic crops.

To investigate the effects of drought stress on the growth and fruit quality of apple trees, an 8-year-old Changfu No.2 Red Fuji apple tree in Yanhu District of Shanxi Province was selected as the experimental subject. Four water treatments including normal irrigation, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought were set up to explore the effects of drought stress on the growth and fruit quality of apple trees. The results showed that as the severity of drought stress increased, the germination rate, fruit setting rate, new shoot growth, and fruit size of apple trees significantly decreased; net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, etc. also showed a significant downward trend; intercellular carbon dioxide concentration increased under moderate and severe drought stress, and water use efficiency increased slightly under mild drought but decreased with the aggravation of stress; drought stress significantly reduced the single fruit quality and unit area yield, while fruit quality indicators such as soluble solids, Vitamin C, and soluble sugar content increased under mild drought stress, but decreased significantly under moderate and severe drought.

To investigate the regulatory effect of Castanopsis hystrix and Pinus massoniana mixed planting on the diversity of understory plants, experiments with different mixed planting ratios and pure forest control were set up at the state-owned Liuwan Forest Farm in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The results showed that the mixed planting treatment significantly enhanced the diversity of understory plants. Among them, the Shannon index of the shrub layer in the treatment with ζ (Castanopsis hystrix∶Pinus massoniana) = (3∶7)~(5∶5) was more than 62% higher than that of the pure Pinus massoniana forest, presenting a "single peak" change trend. The analysis of environmental driving mechanisms revealed that the mixed planting ratio indirectly promoted diversity enhancement by reducing canopy density, improving understory light conditions, and promoting soil nutrient accumulation (total effect 0.71). It was recommended to adopt the same-age inter-row mixed planting mode with ζ (Castanopsis hystrix∶Pinus massoniana)=(3∶7)~(5∶5) to achieve the coordinated improvement of forest growth and biodiversity.

This study focused on a 5-year-old artificial Pinus yunnanensis forest in Yanyuan County. Five gradients of humic acid fertilizers were set up. By measuring the growth indicators of the trees, biomass accumulation, and nutrient content, the regulatory effect of humic acid on the growth and development of Pinus yunnanensis was systematically analyzed. The results showed that an appropriate amount of humic acid significantly promoted the growth of Pinus yunnanensis. Among them, the 25 kg/667 m² treatment had the best effect, with a growth rate of 1.82 cm in diameter, an increase of 49.2% compared to the control group; a growth rate of 0.86 m in tree height, an increase of 53.6%; a growth rate of 42.35% in volume, an increase of 50.5%; and the biomass and nutrient content and reserves of roots, stems, and leaves, as well as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients, all significantly increased under this treatment, with the total biomass increasing by 51.6% compared to the control group.

Took the Yanyuan early-bearing walnut trees as the experimental subjects, an in-field experiment on foliar fertilizers was conducted in Yanyuan County. Six treatments were set up to explore the effects of foliar fertilizers on the yield and quality of Yanyuan. The results showed that compared with the control with clean water, spraying foliar fertilizers could significantly increase the yield per tree, the quality of individual fruits, and the kernel extraction rate of walnuts. Among them, the treatment of 0.5% urea+0.3% phosphoric acid potassium+800 times humic acid foliar fertilizer had the best effect, with a 28.38% increase in yield per tree and an 8.38% increase in kernel extraction rate. In terms of quality, the amino acid and humic acid foliar fertilizer compound treatment increased the protein content by 18.46%, the fat content by 14.65%, and the content of mineral elements also significantly increased.

Took the main cultivated Fuji apples in Yanyuan County as the research object, six different planting densities were set up to analyze the effects of planting density on the growth of apple trees, photosynthetic characteristics, and fruit quality. The results showed that as the tree spacing increased, the indicators such as tree height, trunk diameter, canopy size, and new shoot length all significantly improved. Low-density planting was beneficial for alleviating tree competition and promoting overall growth potential. The analysis of photosynthetic characteristics indicated that the 1.8 m tree spacing had the optimal photosynthetic rate, and the higher-density treatments increased by 20.7%, and stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were also significantly improved. In terms of fruit quality, the single fruit weight of T₄ treatment reached 195.42 g, and the soluble solids, sugar-acid ratio, and hardness of the higher-density treatments increased by 9.3%, 22.5%, and 6.3% respectively, with the best overall performance.

From 2023 to 2024, five growth regulators were applied in the field in Muli County for a field experiment to investigate the effects of different plant growth regulators on the growth and fruit quality of Red Fuji apples. The results showed that all the regulators could significantly promote tree growth. The comprehensive results indicated that benazin·glucosinolide had the best effect in increasing fruit size, sugar accumulation, and pectin content, while amino acid water-soluble fertilizer had a significant effect on the accumulation of solids and Vitamin C.

Rare native tree species are an important part of the national forest and have significant ecological, economic and social implications. This paper selected four rare native tree species as the research objects and discussed the techniques for creating artificial multi-layer mixed forests.

To investigate the effects of different pruning intensities on the growth and volume formation of Pinus tabuliformis plantations, five pruning intensity treatments were set up in Anlexi Township of Hezhang County in Guizhou Province. Tree height, stem diameter, canopy width, branch height below the ground, single tree volume, and stand volume were measured and analyzed. It was suggested to adopt a pruning intensity of 25% to 35% to optimize the growth and volume of Pinus tabuliformis, avoiding excessive pruning that leads to a decline in productivity, and providing technical references for the sustainable management of Pinus tabulifor-??mis forests in Karst mountain area.

Dairy buffalo farming plays a significant role in the economic development of animal husbandry in Nanning City. Ensuring the healthy development of the dairy buffalo farming industry is of great importance. This paper took Nanning as an example and focused on the management of dairy buffalo farming. It deeply studied the key points of scientific feeding and management techniques for dairy buffalo, including site selection and construction of dairy farms, selection and breeding of breeds, optimization of the herd structure, composition of feed types, processing and preparation of feed, staged feeding, environmental hygiene management, and biological safety management. The aim was to provide scientific technical guidance for dairy buffalo farming in Nanning and adjacent areas, and to promote the healthy development of dairy buffalo farming and the steady growth of the animal husbandry economy in Nanning.