To investigate the correlation between different types of refractory peptic ulcer（RPU）and clinical manifestations，and to provide clinical basis for the prevention and treatment of this disease in modern medicine.

A crosssectional study was conducted to retrospectively collect the general data，clinical medical records，tongue and pulse conditions，TCM syndromes and other related factors of130 patients with RPU who were hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology of Zhengzhou People's Hospital from January 1，2020 to September30，2023.The collected data was statistically analyzed to explore the relationship between different types of RPU and clinical manifestations.

（1）There was no significant difference between the types of RPU and the distribution of tongue and pulse.（2）In terms of disease location syndrome elements，the mostusual disease location syndrome elements of RPU were heart and stomach（100.00%），the others were spleen（43.08%）and liver（30.00%）；in terms of disease nature syndrome elements，the most usual disease nature syndrome elements were spleen and stomach weakness（cold）syndrome（28.46%），followed by liver-stomach disharmony syndrome（21.54%），blood stasis in stomach collateral syndrome（16.15%），damp-heat in spleen and stomach syndrome（14.62%），stomach Yin deficiency syndrome（10.77%），liver-stomach heat stagnation syndrome（8.46%）.（3）There was no significant difference in hypertension，coronary heart disease and weight among the three groups（P>0.05）.There were significant differences in gender，Helicobacter pylori（Hp）infection，smoking history，diabetes，age，height and oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs（NSAIDs）（P<0.05）.Oralad ministration of NSAIDs is a risk factor for refractory compound ulcer and refractory duodenalulcer.Coronary heart disease，height and Hp infection are risk factors for refractory gastric ulcer.

The patients with Hp infection have a higher probability of refractory gastric ulcer.The patients with smoking history，diabetes and NSAIDs are more likely to develop refractory duodenal ulcer.Patients with different ages and heights are prone to RPU types.Oral administration of NSAIDs is a risk factor for refractory compound ulcer and refractory duodenal ulcer.Coronary heart disease，height and Hp infection are risk factors for RPU.

The differential metabolites of Sangshen（Mori Fructus）with different maturities were studied to provide reference for the determination of Sangshen（Mori Fructus）harvest time.

Based on the metabolo micsmethod，the changes of chemical components in Sangshen（Mori Fructus）with different maturities were explored.The data of secondary metabolites in mulberry fruits was collected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS）.Multivariate statistical analysis methods such as principal component analysis（PCA）and partial least squares discriminant analysis（PLS-DA）were used to explore the differences in metabolic components of Sangshen（Mori Fructus）with different maturities.

There were significant differences in the metabolites of Sangshen（Mori Fructus）with different maturities.A total of176 compounds in 11 categories were screened.Flavonoids and organic acids accounted for 23.30% and 21.02%，respectively.The contents of most screened flavonoids and organic acid differential metabolites increased with the increase of maturity，and the flavonoids and organic acid metabolites of Sangshen（Mori Fructus）of different germplasms were different.The contents of extract，total flavonoids，total polyphenols and rutin in the mature stage were higher than those in the immature stage.The antioxidant activity in the mature stage was stronger than that in the immature stage.The content of chlorogenic acid in the immature stage was higher than that in the mature stage，and the inhibitory effectonα-glucosidase was also stronger than that in the mature stage.

There are obvious differences in the metabolites of Sangshen（Mori Fructus）with different maturities.The contents of chemical components in Sangshen（Mori Fructus）are related to different maturities.Based on the antioxidant effect，it is better to harvest when Sangshen（Mori Fructus）is dark purple（mature）.Based on the hypoglycemic effect，it is better to harvest when the Sangshen（Mori Fructus）becomes red（immature），which provides a basis for the quality control of Sangshen（Mori Fructus）and the determination of harvesting time.

To investigate the impact of Schisandrol A（SA）on lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced and differentiated small intestinal epithelial cell damage in human colorectal cancer Caco-2 cells.

Caco-2 cells were random ly divided into a normal control group（without drug intervention，Con），a model group（0.7 mg·mL^-1，LPS）and SA（2.5，5，10 μmol·L^-1）dose groups.The cell viability was assessed by the CCK-8 method.The cell apoptosis，cell cycle，mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species（ROS）were detected by flow cytometry.The levels of inflammatory factors in the cell supernatant were measured using ELISA.Oxidative stress was assessed using an enzyme-labeled method.The expressions of proteins related to the NF-κB signaling pathway and apoptosis-related pathways were determined by Western Blot analysis.

The findings indicated that compared with the LPS group，SA at concentrations between 2.5-10μmol·L^-1 exhibited a significant protective effect on cells，exhibiting a certain dose-dependent relationship（P<0.01，P<0.001）.It reduced the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA），lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）and ROS（P<0.05，P<0.01，P<0.001），increased the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）and GSH（P<0.01，P<0.001），inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin-6IL-6 and interleukin-18（IL-18）（P<0.05，P<0.01，P<0.001），promoted the release of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10（IL-10）（P<0.001），increased mitochondrial membrane potential（P<0.05，P<0.01），improved cell cycle arrest（P<0.05）and modulated the expression levels of inflammation and apoptosis-related pathway proteins（P<0.05，P<0.01，P<0.001）.

This study has confirmed in vitro that SA is capable of improving LPS-induced damage to Caco-2 cells.The mechanism of action appears to be related to the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

To study the effects of Yifei JianpiRecipe（益肺健脾方）on aquaporin 3（AQP3），aquaporin 5（AQP5）and mucin 5AC（MUC5AC）in bronchial and lung tissues of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）model ratswith lung and spleen deficiency syndrome.

Sprague-dawley rats were randomly segmented into blank group，model group，ambroxol group，dexamethasone group and Yifei Jianpi Recipe high，medium and low dose groups.The COPD ratmodel of lung and spleen deficiency was created by fumigation combined with lipopolysaccharide tracheal drip and Senna gavage and the pathologic morphology of bronchopulmonary tissues in rats was observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining and Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff（AB-PAS）staining，and the m RNA expressions of AQP3，AQP5 and MUC5AC in ratbronchopulmonary tissueswere detected by RT-qPCR，and protein expressions of AQP3，AQP5 and MUC5ACwere detected by Western Blot and immunohisto chemistry（IHC）methods，the mRNA expressions of AQP3，AQP5 and MUC5AC in rat bronchopulmonary tissues were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（RT-qPCR），and the protein expressions of AQP3，AQP5 and MUC5AC in rat bronchopulmonary tissues were detected by Western Blotand IHC methods.

Compared with those in the sham group，the bronchopulmonary tissues of rats in themodel group showed different degrees of damage，and HE staining demonstrated that there were tangible inflammatory cell infiltration in the airways of rats，and AB-PASstaining reviewed thata good deal of cupshaped cell hyperplasia could be seen in the bronchial tubes of rats.ThemRNA and protein expressions of AQP3 and AQP5 were significantly decreased and MUC5AC mRNA and protein expressions were clearly increased in the model group（P<0.01）.Compared with those in the modelgroup，the inflammatory pathology damage of the bronchopulmonary tissues and the proliferation of cup cells in the rats of each dose group showed different degrees of improvement，and the m RNA and protein expressions of AQP3 and AQP5 were increased to different degrees.Among them，the Yifei Jianpi Recipe high dose group，the aminoglossum group and the dexamethasone group showed significant and comparable levels of increase（P<0.05）；the MUC5AC mRNA and protein expressions were reduced to different degrees，among which the ambroxol group，the dexamethasone group and the Yifei Jianpi Recipe high dose group showed significant and comparable reductions（P<0.01）.

Yifei Jianpi Recipe can inhibit airway mucus hypersecretion and reduce airway inflammation in COPD model rats with lung and spleen deficiency syndrome，and its mechanism is related to up-regulation of AQP3 and AQP5 and down-regulation of MUC5AC transcription and expression.

To explore the clinical efficacy of Jianpi Lishi Jiedu Decoction（健脾利湿解毒汤）combined with pidotimod in the treatment of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions（LSIL）of the cervix combined with high-risk human papillomavirus（HPV）infection.

A totalof130 cases of LSIL complicated with high-risk HPV infection admitted to the hospital from January 2022 to September 2023 were included and divided into two groups using the computer random number table method，with 65 cases in each group.The control group was treated with pidotimod，while the observation group was treated with Jianpi Lishi Jiedu Decoction on the basis of the control group.The treatment lasted for 3 months.The clinical efficacy of two groups，the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score and serum inflammatory factor levels［high-sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP），interleukin-12（IL-12）and tumor necrosis factorα（TNF）-α）］and changes in viral load were compared.

①The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.85%，which was higher than that（81.54%）of the control group（χ²＝4.561，P＝0.033）.②The difference in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores for vaginal discharge，itching，fatigue，edema and loose stools in the observation group was lower than that in the control group［（1.13±0.13）points vs.（2.05±0.16）points，（1.09±0.11）points vs.（1.65±0.15）points，（1.01±0.19）points vs.（1.66±0.22）points，（0.68±0.17）points vs.（1.13±0.19）points，（0.89±0.18）points vs.（1.38±0.14）points］（t＝35.979～17.324，all P<0.01）.③The serum levels of TNF-α and hs-CRP of the observation group were all lower than those of the control group［（1.13±0.36）pg/mL vs.（1.72±0.41）pg/mL，（2.19±0.45）mg/L vs.（4.24±0.87）mg/L］（t＝8.718-16.874，all P<0.01），and the serum IL-12 levels were higher than the control group［（16.52±5.03）pg/mL vs.（14.25±5.16）pg/mL］（t＝-2.540，P＝0.006）.④The recurrence rate［4.61%（3/65）］in the observation group was significantly lower than that［16.92%（11/65）］in the control group（χ²＝5.123，P＝0.024）.The HPV viral load in the observation group was lower than that in the control group［（1.85±0.59）Igcopies/mL vs.（2.73±0.65）Igcopies/mL］（t＝-8.082，P<0.01），and the seroconversion rate was higher than that in the control group（69.23% vs.43.08%）（χ² ＝9.029，P＝0.003）.

The combination of Jianpi Lishi Jiedu Decoction and pidotimod in the treatment of LSIL complicated with high-risk HPV infection has a definite therapeutic effect.It can restore the patient's immune inflammatory balance and reduce the HPV viral load.

To study the clinical study of Jingu Tongxiao Pill（筋骨痛消丸）combined with arthroscopy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis（cold coagulation blood stasis syndrome）.

A total of 120 patients diagnosed as knee osteoarthritis（cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome）were selected and divided into two groups according to random number table.The reference group（60 cases）received arthroscopic treatment，and the study group（60 cases）received Jingu Tongxiao Pill and arthroscopic treatment.The clinical efficacy，TCM syndrome score，osteoarthritis index，inflammatory factor level and oxidative stress reaction of the two groupswere observed and compared.

Compared with that（75.00%）of the reference group，the total effective rate of the study group was98.33%，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.After treatment，the TCM syndrome score of the study group was lower than that of the reference group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.After treatment，compared with those of the reference group，the pain，stiffness and difficulty scores of daily activities in the study group were lower，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.After treatment，compared with those of the reference group，the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α），interleukin-1 beta（IL-1β）and matrixmetalloproteinase-3（MMP-3）in the study group were lower，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）.

The patients with knee osteoarthritis（cold coagulation blood stasis syndrome）were treated with arthroscopy and Jingu Tongxiao Pill，and the therapeutic effect was good，which could effectively improve the clinical symptoms and promote the recovery of patients，and the clinical application value was high.

To investigate the effects of preparation and processing methods on the contents of oil components in Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）and clarify the correlation between oil components with medicinal properties，in order to provide guidance for processing research and clinical application.

The extraction of volatile oil refers to the volatile oil determination method A in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia，and the Soxhlet method was used to extract fatty oil.Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry（GC-MS）was used to identify the oil components and their relative contents.Thermographic analysis was used to clarify the characteristics of the influence of different preparation and processing methods on oil components.Combined with literature review，the correlation of processing，preparation，components and properties was discussed.

The oil components weremainly fatty acids.The order of the extraction rate of fatty oil was fresh Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）>raw Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）>steaming with wine≈stewing with wine>steaming and exposing nine times with Sharen（Amomi Fructus）>steaming without ingredients，and the order of the volatile oil extraction rate was stewing with wine>steaming with wine>steaming and exposing nine times with Sharen（Amomi Fructus）>raw Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）≈steaming without ingredients>fresh Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）.The heatmap analysis of fatty oil and volatile oil showed that Shudihuang（Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata）stewing with wine and that steaming and exposing nine times with Sharen（Amomi Fructus）were clustered one category.

The changes and adjustments of the types and relative contents of oil componentswere important material basis for the differences in medicinal property of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）processed products.Adding wine，Sharen（Amomi Fructus）or increasing steaming and exposing times were helpful in reducing the cold nature of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix），and the greasy nature of Shudihuang（Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata），and enhance thewarming-reinforcing effect.The volatile oil components in different products of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）were the material basis of their“Qiwei”.