ArchiveTo investigate the relationship between the inflammatory state of obesity with phlegm-dampness syndrome and the M1 polarization of islet macrophages, as well as the intervention mechanism of Wendan Decoction.
Forty-five SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group and a modeling group. The modeling group was fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks to establish an obesity with phlegm-dampness syndrome model. Twenty obese rats were then selected and divided into a model group, a Xuezhikang group, and low-/high-dose Wendan Decoction groups (5 rats each). The blank group (normal group) comprised 5 rats. Each treatment group received corresponding doses via gavage for 6 weeks, while the model and normal groups received equal volumes of distilled water. Body weight, Lee’s index, and lipid levels were measured. ELISA was used to determine pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ) and fasting insulin (FINS) in islet tissue. HE staining and immunohistochemistry were employed to observe islet histopathology and the expression of macrophage marker CD68 (Cluster of Differentiation 68), M1 activation marker CD86 (Cluster of Differentiation 86), and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) . Western blot was used to detect CD68, CD86, and iNOS protein expression.
After successful modeling, pathological improvements were observed in all treatment groups. Compared with the normal group, the model group showed significant changed in body weight, Lee’s index, lipid levels (elevated TG and LDL-C, decreased HDL-C) (P<0.001 or P<0.01), FINS, HOMA-IR, and TNF-α/IL-6 secretion (P<0.05、P<0.01 or P<0.001) . Compared with the model group, all treatment groups exhibited significant reductions in body weight, obesity rate, TG, FINS, HOMA-IR, and TNF-α/IL-6 secretion (P<0.01、P<0.05 or P<0.001). The high-dose Wendan Decoction group showed significant decreases in Lee’s index and LDL-C (P<0.01 or P<0.05) . Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the infiltration of CD68, CD86, and iNOS positive cells in the islet interstitium was significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05) ; the integrity of islet tissue was improved in each treatment group, with significantly reduced infiltration of CD68, CD86, and iNOS positive cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Among them, only a small number of positive cells were occasionally observed in the low-/high-dose Wendan Decoction groups, and the number of positive cells was relatively fewer in the Xuezhikang group. Western blot (WB) assay revealed that compared with the normal group, the protein expression levels of CD68, CD86, and iNOS in the islets were significantly elevated in the model group (P<0.000 1) ; compared with the model group, the expression of CD86 and iNOS proteins was significantly reduced in the low-dose Wendan Decoction group (P<0.05 or P<0.001), while the expression of CD68, CD86, and iNOS proteins was significantly decreased in both the high-dose Wendan Decoction group and the Xuezhikang group (P<0.001). The high-dose Wendan Decoction group outperformed the Xuezhikang group in lowering Lee’s index and CD68 protein expression (P<0.05 or P<0.001) .
The inflammatory state of obesity with phlegm-dampness syndrome is closely associated with M1 polarization of islet macrophages (manifested as abnormal expression of CD68+, CD86+, and iNOS+) . Wendan Decoction can significantly improve the inflammatory state of obesity with phlegm-dampness syndrome by regulating M1 polarization of islet macrophages.
To investigate the mechanism of Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma) improving the renal fibrosis induced by adriamycin in rats with blood stasis syndrome based on proteomics.
Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal group, model group, Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma) low-dose group, Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma) medium-dose group, Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma) high-dose group and positive control group, with 5 rats in each group. Using LC-MS technology in combination with bioinformatics analysis, protein identification, quantification and differential protein screening were performed on renal tissues. Differential proteins were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis.
There were 478 proteins in the model group compared with those in the normal group, of which 146 proteins were up-regulated and 332 proteins were down-regulated. Compared with those in the model group, there were 180 different proteins in the Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma) medium-dose group, including 76 up-regulated and 104 down-regulated proteins. Combined with the above experimental results, further analysis of the Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma) medium-dose group, the model group and the normal group showed that there were 7 differentially expressed proteins regulated by Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma) . Among them, the proteins that Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma) may up-regulate were Gtf2f2 and LOC681410. The possible down-regulated proteins were RT1-Ba, Cnpy4, Pdcd11, Gimap4 and P3h1. KEGG pathway enrichment results showed that the most significant energy pathway was metabolic pathways.
Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma) may play a role in anti-renal fibrosis in adriamycin-induced rat model with blood stasis syndrome through multi-target and multi-pathway by regulating differential expressions of renal tissue proteins Gtf2f2, LOC681410, RT1-Ba, Cnpy4, Pdcd11, Gimap4 and P3h1 and modulating metabolic pathways associated with energy metabolism.
Twitch-eliciting acupuncture (Zhatiao) has not only gained increasing clinical attention but also provided a new perspective for comprehensively understanding the traditional concept of“Deqi” (Qi arrival) . Based on a systematic review of relevant literature over the past three decades and the author’s 60 years of clinical acupuncture experience, this paper proposes that the generalized local twitch response (gLTR) induced by Zhatiao, together with changes in muscle tone, are the primary objective manifestations of Deqi beyond subjective needle sensations. gLTR can be elicited by stimulating three types of intramuscular physiological targets: muscle spindles, motor point areas and neurovascular entrance points (NV-EP) into the muscle. The forms and mechanisms of gLTR induced by these targets differ significantly. Stimulation of muscle spindles evokes moderate gLTR and muscle tension via spinal reflexes, accompanied by marked sensations of soreness, distension, heaviness or numbness. Stimulation of motor points (neuromuscular junctions) directly triggers endplate potentials, which can induce prominent gLTR but are often associated with no obvious needle sensation. Stimulation of NV-EP usually produces intense needle sensations, sometimes accompanied by gLTR. Under pathological conditions, specific acu-reflex points (ARP), characterized by sensitized muscle spindles or hyperreactive motor endplates (e.g., myofascial trigger points, MTrP), may develop. Stimulation of MTrP/ARP can elicit more pronounced gLTR, with significant radiating sensations to distant or affected regions. This paper also introduces the common acupoints corresponding to these targets, the author’s four frequently used Zhatiao techniques (claw-like needling, longitudinal/transverse needling, slow-traction needling, and electrically assisted needle repositioning), and analyzes the clinical importance of Zhatiao in analgesia, anti-inflammation and motor rehabilitation—especially the advantages of muscle spindle-targeted Zhatiao for central motor tone disorders. This study provides a theoretical foundation and feasible paradigm for fully understanding the connotation and significance of Deqi, as well as for the clinical application and promotion of Zhatiao techniques.
To explore new identification methods and technical means for evaluating the“quality evaluation through morphological identification”of Dianhuangjing (Polygonatum kingianum).
The appearance characteristics of fresh and dried samples were collected, and permanent sections were prepared. The Densenet-121 network model was trained to automatically identify Dianhuangjing (Polygonatum kingianum) slices. Microscopic features were observed and collected under a microscope, and the corresponding image sets were established to train the YOLOv7 model for automatically recognizing and counting the number of vascular bundles and needle crystals in Dianhuangjing (Polygonatum kingianum) microscopic slices.
The Densenet-121 network model achieved an average recognition rate of 90.97% for Dianhuangjing (Polygonatum kingianum) slices. Compared to manual counting, the YOLOv7 model achieved an average accuracy of 98.14% for identifying vascular bundles in Dianhuangjing (Polygonatum kingianum) slices, and an average accuracy of 53.2% for identifying calcium oxalate needle crystals.
The Densenet-121 network model can achieve relatively high and stable automatic identification between Dianhuangjing (Polygonatum kingianum) and adulterants. The YOLOv7 model can effectively count the number of microvascular bundles and needle crystals in Dianhuangjing (Polygonatum kingianum) slices. Taking Dianhuangjing (Polygonatum kingianum) as an example, a new research approach and technical method for rapid and accurate AI identification of traditional Chinese medicinal materials was constructed.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease based on synovitis, which invades the joints, causes erosive destruction, and in severe cases, joint deformity, which eventually leads to the loss of joint mobility and seriously affects the quality of life of the patients. In recent years, with the complexity and diversification of diseases, “toxic”drugs have been widely used in clinical practice, especially insects, rattan and other drugs, which play an important role in the treatment of RA and many other effects, such as dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, tackling tough problems and breaking accumulation, breaking blood stasis and dredging collateral. With the development of modern pharmacology, “toxic”drugs are widely used in rheumatic diseases, skin diseases, tumor diseases, urinary system and many other diseases. Based on the theory of“toxic”drugs attacking evils, this paper analyzed the application of“toxic”drugs in RA for the benefit of readers.
To investigate the anti-osteoporotic effects and mechanisms of Sangjisheng (Taxilli Herba) decoction and its effect on the cold-heat symptoms in osteoporosis models.
After ovariectomy, the female rats were injected with hydrocortisone or intragastric administration of thyroxine to establish the ovariectomized osteoporosis, ovariectomized kidney Yang deficiency osteoporosis, and ovariectomized kidney Yin deficiency osteoporosis models. Each group was administered with Sangjisheng (Taxilli Herba) decoction and the corresponding positive drugs respectively. The general state and rectal temperature of the rats were observed, and hot-cold plate residence time was measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the bone pathological status, and Goldner staining was applied to determine the bone morphometric parameters. Bone density was measured using a bone densitometer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (BGP), type I procollagen amino-terminal propeptide (PINP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), type I collagen cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTX-I), estradiol (E2), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The levels of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) as well as the levels of plasma cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were also measured.
(1) Sangjisheng (Taxilli Herba) decoction improved the general state of ovariectomized osteoporotic rats, increased the bone density and improved the pathological status of rat femurs. It reduced the levels of BALP, BGP, TRACP-5b, DPD and CTX-I, and increased the levels of E2, Ca and P. (2) In the ovariectomized kidney Yang deficiency osteoporotic rats, it increased the reduced rectal temperature, decreased the percentage of hot-cold plate residence time, increased the levels of serum T3, T4, ACTH, CORT and plasma cAMP content, as well as the cAMP/cGMP ratio. In the kidney Yin deficiency osteoporotic rats, it decreased the elevated rectal temperature, increased the hot-cold plate residence time percentage and inhibited the elevated levels of serum TSH, T4, ACTH, CORT and plasma cAMP content.
Sangjisheng (Taxilli Herba) possesses anti-osteoporotic effects, and its mechanism of action is to elevate the estrogen content, inhibit the bone resorption, improve the calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders and promote the bone calcification and formation. Sangjisheng (Taxilli Herba) has inhibitory effects on both kidney Yin deficiency heat signs and kidney Yang deficiency cold symptoms, similar to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine that is neutral in nature applies to both cold and heat syndromes, consistent with the traditional understanding of Sangjisheng (Taxilli Herba) being neutral in nature. Due to its more pronounced effect on kidney Yin deficiency heat symptoms, its medicinal nature is neutral with a slight cooling bias. The mechanism of Sangjisheng (Taxilli Herba) influence on cold-heat symptoms involves regulating the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, normalizing the suppressed HPT and HPA axes in kidney Yang deficiency syndrome and the hyperactive HPT and HPA axes in kidney Yin deficiency syndrome. It also regulates energy metabolism by modulating cAMP, thereby affecting the cAMP/cGMP ratio.
To analyze the clinical effect of Wuling Powder (五苓散加减) combined with bumetanil on the recurrence of ascites in cirrhosis.
A total of 120 patients with recurrent ascites of cirrhosis admitted to the hospital from January 2021 to January 2024 were included as the study objects. They were divided into two groups by random number table method. Sixty cases in the control group were treated with bumetanil, and the other 60 cases in the observation group were treated with Wuling Powder on this basis. The effect difference, ascites related indicators (abdominal circumference, body mass, 24 h urine volume, depth of ascites dark area), TCMsyndrome scores and liver function index changes of the two groups were compared, and the recurrence was observed after 6 months of treatment.
The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.00% (57/60), which was much higher than that of the control group (81.67%, 49/60), and the difference was significant (P<0.05) . TCMsymptom scores, abdominal circumference, body mass, 24 h urine volume and depth of ascites dark area in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05) . After treatment, the levels of ALT, AST and TBIL were decreased and ALB was increased in both groups, and the improvement in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group (P<0.05) . After 6 months of treatment, the recurrence rate of ascites in the observation group was 6.67% (4/60), which was much lower than that in the control group (25.0%, 15/60), and the difference between groups was significant (P<0.05) .
Wuling Powder combined with bumetanil can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and signs of ascites and limb edema, accelerate the regression of ascites, promote the recovery of liver function, reduce the recurrence rate of ascites, and plays a positive role in improving the prognosis of patients with cirrhosis.
As a major technological breakthrough, human 3D organoid technology, through revealing the growth status, structure, function and characteristics of tissue or organs, bridges the long-standing gap between developmental biology and precision medicine. It plays an important role in reconstructing in vitro experimental models capable of truly simulating the human liver. At present, organoid technology is in a period of rapid development, and its structure and functional simulation of their organizations and organs are gradually increasing. With the increasing level of summarizing the internal organ structure and artificial tissue organs in organoid systems, its application fields are also becoming more and more extensive. The combination of organoid systems and chip technology has opened up a new field of organoid engineering, which is expected to solve the challenges faced by existing organoid systems and expand their biomedical applications. At the same time, in terms of the quality control, efficacy evaluation and composite compatibility in traditional Chinese medicine, the technology will also play an extremely important role.
To evaluate the effect of Zhibitai Capsule (脂必泰胶囊) on the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with metabolic syndrome (MS) of accumulation of phlegm and blood stasis syndrome by observing triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and other indicators.
According to the random number table method, 80 cases of T2DMcomplicated with MS of accumulation of phlegm and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 40 cases in each group. Both groups were given lifestyle intervention and basic treatment such as reducing blood glucose, lowering blood pressure and losing weight according to the specific condition of the patients. The control group was given the basic treatment and atorvastatin calcium tablet for lipid regulation, one tablet orally at bedtime for a total of 8 weeks. The treatment group was supplemented with Zhibitai Capsule, twice a day, 1 capsule for each time, and the course of treatment was 8 weeks. The changes in TCMsyndrome scores, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood glucose after 2 hours of oral glucose tolerance test (2 h BG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1 c), fasting insulin (INS), insulin after 2 hours of oral glucose tolerance test (INS-2 h), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density dilipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), TyG index, homeostasis model IR index (HOMA-IR) of the two groups were observed before and after the treatment.
The total effective rate of the treatment group was 82.5% (33/40) after treatment, which was higher than 57.5% (23/40) of the control group (P<0.05) . After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.01). The TCMsyndrome scores of the treatment group after treatment were lower than those of the control group (P<0.01) . After treatment, the levels of FBG, 2 h BG, HBA1 c, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, LDL-C, TyG index and HOMA-IR of both groups were lower than those before. HDL-C was higher than that before treatment (P<0.01). The values of BMI, waist circumference, INS and INS-2 h had no significant difference (P>0.05). The levels of FBG, 2 h BG, HBA1 c, TyG index and HOMA-IR of the treatment group after treatment were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01) . There were no significant differences in BMI, waist circumference, INS, INS-2 h, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, LDL-C or HDL-C compared with those of the control group (P>0.05) .
Zhibitai Capsule can reduce the TCM syndrome scores of T2DM complicated with MS patients, reduce their blood glucose, blood lipids, TyG, HOMA-IR and IR, thereby improving the clinical symptoms and the clinical efficacy of TCMsyndromes.
To study the clinical effect of Longdan Xiegan Decoction (龙胆泻肝汤) in the treatment of bacterial vaginitis based on the mechanism of vaginal flora changes.
Ninety-six patients with bacterial vaginitis treated in the hospital from June 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the research objects. According to the principle of randomization and control, they were divided into observation group and control group, with 48 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with metronidazole combined with Keyangshu Lotion (克痒舒洗液), and the observation group was treated with Longdan Xiegan Decoction on the basis of the control group, 4 weeks as a course of treatment. The efficacy, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores (main symptoms of vaginal burning sensation, abnormal leucorrhea, vulva pruritus), vaginal microenvironment status (vaginal pH value, vaginal cleanliness), vaginal flora distribution and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.
The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.83% (46/48), which was significantly higher than 81.25% (39/48) of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . After treatment, the scores of vaginal burning, leucorrhea abnormality and vulva pruritus in the two groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the scores of the above symptoms in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05) . After treatment, the vaginal pH values of the two groups decreased (P<0.05), and the normal rate of vaginal cleanliness increased (P<0.05). The vaginal pH value of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the normal rate of vaginal cleanliness was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) . After treatment, the distribution of Lactobacillus in the vaginal dominant flora of the two groups increased (P<0.05), and the distribution of Bacteroides, Enterobacter and Candida albicans decreased (P<0.05) . The distribution of Lactobacillus in the observation group was more than that in the control group (P<0.05), while the distribution of Bacteroides, Enterobacter and Candida albicans was less than that in the control group (P<0.05) . There were no serious adverse reactions in both groups.
The effect of Longdan Xiegan Decoction in the treatment of bacterial vaginitis is satisfactory. It can significantly improve the vaginal microenvironment and vaginal flora distribution of the patients, so as to alleviate various syndromes of the body and improve the curative effect. It is a safe and effective medication regimen.
To investigate the effect of Modified Tiaochong Decoction (调冲汤加减) in the treatment of infertility of kidney deficiency and liver depression and its effect on hormone levels of the patients.
From January 2023 to January 2024, 98 cases of infertility patients with kidney deficiency and liver stagnation were selected and simply randomized into groups, with 49 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional western medicine clomiphene, and the observation group was given Tiaochong Decoction combined with conventional western medicine. The clinical efficacy, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, hormone levels［follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T) ］, maximum follicle diameter, endometrial thickness, ovulation rate and pregnancy rate of two groups were compared.
The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 95.92% (47/49), higher than that in the control group［81.63% (40/49) ］ (P<0.05) . After treatment, the symptoms scores of TCMin the observation group were lower (P<0.05) . At the end of the treatment and 6 months after treatment, the serum levels of FSH, LH and T in the observation group were lower (P<0.05) . The maximum follicular diameter and endometrial thickness of the observation group at the end of treatment and 6 months after treatment were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The ovulation rate and pregnancy rate in the observation group were higher (P<0.05) .
The combination of Modified Tiaochong Decoction combined with conventional western medicine can improve the uterine physiological function and the treatment effect by regulating hormone secretion, relieve the clinical signs of the infertility patients with kidney deficiency and liver depression, and increase the pregnancy rate.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common endocrine disorders in women of childbearing age and one of the main causes of infertility. This article summarizes Professor WANG Qi’s diagnosis and treatment ideas for PCOS through clinical training, collection and organization of medical records and review of relevant literature, and analyzed the typical medical cases. Professor WANG Qi believes that PCOS and its associated infertility are located in the uterus and related to liver, spleen and kidney. The etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS are based on kidney Yang deficiency, with phlegm-dampness and blood stasis as the pathological products. The clinical treatment is based on kidney deficiency, using the method of warming kidney and assisting Yang as the basis, combined with the method of treating stagnation and regulating the cycle according to the syndrome, and integrating years of clinical experience. Empirical formulas such as Wenchao Decoction (温巢汤) and Nuangong Zhuyun Decoction (暖宫助孕汤) have been summarized to treat PCOS and its infertility, and their clinical efficacy is confirmed.
To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with Chaihu Shugan Powder (柴胡疏肝散) and five-tone therapy in the patients with breast hyperplasia of liver depression and Qi stagnation type.
Eighty patients with hyperplasia of mammary glands of liver depression and Qi stagnation type diagnosed and treated in the hospital from April 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the research objects. They were randomly divided into two groups. Forty patients in the control group were treated with Chaihu Shugan Powder and five-tone therapy. Forty patients in the observation group were treated with acupuncture on the basis of the control group. The treatment cycle was 2 months. The clinical efficacy, breast mass indexes (mass texture, mass range, mass size), sex hormone index［estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), prolactin (PRL) ］and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.
The markedly effective rate of the observation group was 85.00% (34/40), which was significantly higher than 65.00% (26/40) of the control group (P<0.05) . After treatment, the corresponding scores of tumor grade, tumor range and tumor size in the two groups were significantly decreased, and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group［ (2.46±0.74) points, (3.11±0.89) points, (3.34±0.43) points vs (2.92±0.65) points, (6.07±1.58) points, (3.90±0.37) points］ (P<0.05) . After treatment, the levels of serum E2 and PRL decreased and the level of P increased in both groups. The levels of serum E2 and PRL in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the level of P was higher than that in the control group［ (64.82±6.31) pg/mL, (0.81±0.17) ng/mL, (16.78±2.49) ng/mL vs (69.53±7.06) pg/mL, (0.69±0.22) ng/mL, (19.05±3.14) ng/mL］ (P<0.05) . No serious adverse reactions occurred in the two groups.
Acupuncture combined with Chaihu Shugan Powder and five-tone therapy has a significant effect on hyperplasia of mammary glands with liver depression and Qi stagnation. It can effectively improve the patients'ultrasound imaging and sex hormone indicators, and has a positive impact.
To explore the efficacy and safety of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with Modified Shaoyao Gancao Decoction (加味芍药甘草汤) in the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia with syndrome of wind-cold invading superficies.
A total of 96 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia and syndrome of wind-cold invading superficies who visited Department Neurology of Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital from Dec. 2020 to Nov. 2023 were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups using block randomization. Forty-eight patients in the observation group were treated with acupuncture and moxibustion combined with Modified Shaoyao Gancao Decoction, while 48 patients in the control group were treated with carbamazepine. The total effective rate, pain symptoms, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the improvements in pain-related neuropeptides (substance P and β-endorphin) and adverse events were compared between the two groups.
A total of 94 patients completed the trial, with one dropout in each group. The total effective rate in the observation group was 93.62% (44/47), which was significantly higher than 70.21% (33/47) in the control group (P<0.05) . After treatment, the frequency and duration of pain attacks and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were significantly lower in the observation group (P<0.05), compared to those in the control group. The scores for all dimensions and the total PSQI score were also significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group (P<0.05) . After treatment, the plasma concentration of substance P in the external jugular vein decreased more significantly in the observation group compared to that of the control group (P<0.05), while the plasma concentration of β-endorphin increased more significantly (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 2.1%, which was significantly lower than 14.6% in the control group (P<0.05). The difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05) .
Acupuncture and moxibustion combined with Modified Shaoyao Gancao Decoction for the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia with wind-cold invading syndrome exhibits high total effectiveness and low incidence of adverse reactions, and then effectively improves the symptoms such as pain and sleep quality.
To investigate the mechanism of Jiawei Guipi Decoction (加味归脾合剂) in regulating the Janus inases 2 (JAK2) /signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway to improve T helper cell 17 (Th17) /regulatory T cells (Treg) immune balance in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) mice.
Sixty female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to six groups: normal group, model group, Jiawei Guipi Decoction low, medium and high dose groups, and prednisone group, with 10 mice in each group. Except for the normal group, the other five groups were administered intraperitoneal injection of MWReg30 antibody to establish the ITP model. After successful modeling, the corresponding treatments were administered. The blank control and model groups were given an equivalent volume of sterile drinking water by gavage, while the Jiawei Guipi Decoction low, medium and high dose groups received the administration with the corresponding doses［13.49, 26.99, 53.97 g/ (kg·d), respectively］. The prednisone group was administered prednisone 9.25 g/ (kg·d). The treatments lasted for 14 consecutive days, and after this period, the samples were collected. The effects of Jiawei Guipi Decoction on platelet count, splenic pathology, the number of Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood and spleen, the expression levels of interleukin (IL) -17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-10 in peripheral blood, and the protein expressions of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and forkhead transcription factor p3 (Foxp3) in the spleen were evaluated.
Compared with those in the normal group, the mice in the model group exhibited a significant decrease in peripheral blood platelet count, marked histopathological alterations in splenic tissue, a reduced number of Treg cells and an increased number of Th17 cells in both peripheral blood and spleen. Furthermore, the expression levels of splenic p-JAK2, p-STAT3 and RORγt protein were significantly up-regulated, accompanied by elevated concentrations of IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22, and a decreased level of IL-10 in peripheral blood (P<0.01) . Compared with the model group, all treatment groups significantly increased the peripheral blood platelet count, improved the pathological status of the spleen, markedly reduced the number of Th17 cells, and elevated the number of Treg cells in both peripheral blood and spleen, substantially decreased the levels of IL-17, IL-21 and IL-22 in peripheral blood and increased the level of IL-10 (P<0.05, P<0.01) . Among the treatment groups, the high-dose group showed superior efficacy compared to the low-dose, medium-dose as well as the prednisone groups (P<0.05) . Moreover, Jiawei Guipi Decoction significantly down-regulated the protein expression levels of splenic p-JAK2, p-STAT3 and RORγt (P<0.05, P<0.01), while up-regulated the protein expression of Foxp3 (P<0.05, P<0.01). The high dose group exhibited a more pronounced reduction in the protein expressions of p-JAK2, p-STAT3 and RORγt compared with the low dose group (P<0.05) .
Jiawei Guipi Decoction exhibits significant therapeutic effects in ITP mice. The mechanism may involve the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, regulation of RORγt and Foxp3 protein expression and modulation of the Th17/Treg balance.
This paper systematically compared the differences between Neijing and Nanjing in the argument of disease and syndrome through discussing the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis system, syndrome differentiation and treatment and practical application in Ming and Qing dynasties. Neijing is based on the theory of five Yun and six Qi, Yin and Yang theory, positive and evil theory, while Nanjing puts forward the theory of“five evils”and the theory of five elements. The doctors of Ming and Qing Dynasties perfected the eight-principle syndrome differentiation theory, and further perfected the theories of Zang-Fu organs syndrome identification and meridians syndrome differentiation according to Neijing. The system of pulse diagnosis and needle method based on Nanjing was improved. In terms of sydnrome differentiation treatment, the theory of Neijing was further matured by the doctors. In the meantime, the aspects of meridians, collaterals and acupoints in Nanjing had been greatly developed. This study presents the differences of the disease and syndrome differentiation between Neijing and Nanjing, which helps to broaden the horizon of traditional Chinese medicine theory and clinical research, and provide references for the practice and development of traditional Chinese medicine.
To investigate the dynamic change of chroma and viscosity during the nine times steamed and processed Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) and the correlation with its intrinsic quality, and to explore the optimal processing end point by establishing a comprehensive quality index (QI), so as to provide reference for the quality control and processing end point judgment of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix).
The chroma and viscosity of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) samples were quantified objectively by thin layer imager, MATLAB and viscometer. The polysaccharide content was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the contents of Rehmannium D, veronin, iso-veronin, motheronin and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) . SPSS 26.0 and SIMCA software were used to conduct multivariate statistical analysis of the results, and the correlation and change rule of chroma, viscosity and their internal chemical composition were analyzed. Then, the QI of nine times steamed and processed Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) was established by triangle area method to predict the optimal processing end point.
During the process of steaming process of nine times steamed and processed Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), the color of the prepared product turned black and the viscosity increased. There were correlations between chroma and viscosity and different processing degrees, indicating that chroma and viscosity could be used as the evaluation indexes for processing end points. There was a correlation between the color of decoction pieces and the color of powder, and the first or second steaming may be the main stage of the color change of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix). The correlation between chroma, viscosity and intrinsic chemical composition can be established, and a better regression model can be established, and the change of chemical composition content in the processing process can be objectively predicted by measuring chroma value I and viscosity to a certain extent. The principal component analysis of intrinsic chemical composition showed that the first to fourth steaming may be the main stage of the change of chemical composition content of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) . The quality index QI value was the highest when the seven-steaming system was used, which suggested that the seven-steaming system might be the best processing end point of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) .
The color and appearance of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) can be quantified objectively based on chroma and viscosity, and the correlation between them and component content is analyzed and a regression model is established, which can objectively predict the changes of internal chemical component content in the processing of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) to a certain extent. The establishment of comprehensive quality index QI can predict the optimal processing endpoint. It provided reference for the quality control and processing end point determination of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) processing process.
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) is a particularly important medicinal material in the treasure trove of traditional Chinese medicine, with properties such as clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire and removing toxin, stopping bleeding and tranquilizing the fetus. The main components in Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) are flavonoids, volatile oils, organic acids and other compounds, with antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, liver protection, immunomodulation, neuroprotection and other pharmacological effects. This paper summarized the research progress on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), and its quality markers (Q-markers) were predicted and analyzed based on the research of plant genetics and chemical composition specificity, correlation between traditional medicinal properties and efficacy, measurability of chemical composition, correlation between processing and chemical composition, pharmacokinetics and so on. The studies have shown that the main Q-markers of Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) may include baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin and other flavonoids, and these components are considered as the important indicators to evaluate the quality of Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) due to their stable existence in Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), clear pharmacological effects and reliable detection methods, which provide reference for the establishment of Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) quality control system and clinical medication.
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) has a long medicinal history and has pharmacological effects such as relieving heat and sweating, anti-inflammation and relieving asthma, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, anti-coagulation, lowering blood glucose and lipids, anti-allergy, promoting urination, regulating blood pressure, etc. Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) is often used in clinic with Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Gancao (GLycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and other drugs in the form of drug pairs. In this paper, the pharmacological effects of Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) and the clinical application of its common drug pairs were reviewed, and the mechanism was discussed, and the rules of use and compatibility theory of Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) drug pairs were studied and summarized, so as to provide references for better development and utilization of Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) drug pairs.
IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary glomerular disease, is characterized by hematuria, proteinuria and renal dysfunction, with a subset progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) . This study evaluated the effects of Modified Xiaoji Yinzi (小蓟饮子) on hematuria remission, proteinuria reduction, eGFR decline rate and long-term endpoints in IgAN patients, while assessing predictive accuracy through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox regression and Random Survival Forest (RSF) models.
A single-center retrospective cohort study enrolled 200 IgAN patients. The treatment group (100 cases) received Modified Xiaoji Yinzi combined with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) /angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy, while the control group (100 cases) received ACEI/ARB alone. All patients received at least 6 months of treatment, with the latest follow-up endpoint being October 31, 2023. Primary outcomes included hematuria remission rate, 24-hour urine protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline rate, serum creatinine, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) . Renal endpoints［eGFR decline≥50%, progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 4～5, dialysis/transplantation］were analyzed via Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression and RSF.
The treatment group exhibited superior hematuria remission rates (80% vs. 55%, P<0.001) and lower 24-hour proteinuria (1.2 vs 1.8 g/24 h, P<0.001) . Slower eGFR decline was observed［-1.2 vs-2.5 mL/ (min·year), P<0.001］. The treatment group demonstrated higher 5-year survival rate (80%vs 58%, P<0.01), with reduced risks of eGFR decline≥50% (18%vs 38%), CKD 4～5 progression (12%vs 32%) and dialysis/transplantation (6%vs 21%) (P<0.01 for all) . Cox regression confirmed Modified Xiaoji Yinzi reduced endpoint risk (HR=0.65, P=0.002) . RSF-enhanced models identified baseline eGFR<60 mL/min, proteinuria>1 g/day, persistent hematuria and elevated IL-6 as the key prognostic predictors.
Modified Xiaoji Yinzi significantly improved hematuria and proteinuria, attenuated eGFR decline and reduced long-term renal endpoint risks in IgAN patients, suggesting durable nephroprotective effects. Integration of RSF with Cox regression further enhanced predictive accuracy for renal endpoints. This study provided novel evidence for integrative IgAN management, warranting validation through multicenter RCTs.
Baihuasheshecao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) belongs to the genus Baihuasheshecao (Hedyotis diffusa) of the family Rubiaceae. It was first recorded in Luchuan Bencao. This herb has the effects of clearing away heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and relieving pain. Baihuasheshecao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) is clinically used for treating bruises, venomous snake bites and so on. Modern studies indicate that Baihuasheshecao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) also exhibits anti-tumor pharmacological effects. Clinically, it is often employed to treat liver cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, intestinal cancer and gastric cancer, particularly for digestive system tumors. The terpenoids, flavonoids and anthraquinones in Baihuasheshecao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) could inhibit the malignant proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, induce the apoptosis of tumor cells, block the signal pathway conduction and inhibit the angiogenesis. Moreover, Baihuasheshecao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) can play an anti-tumor role by enhancing the body's immunity. In this manuscript, the active ingredients, pharmacological mechanisms and clinical applications of drug combinations of Baihuasheshecao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) in the treatment of digestive system tumors were briefly reviewed, laying a foundation for the research and development of new drugs of Baihuasheshecao (Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae) for treating digestive system tumors.
Macrophages acquire specific functional phenotypes secrete different cytokines and participate in the process of coronary microvascular dysfunction through polarization processes. The theory of healthy Qi and pathogenic factors in traditional Chinese medicine is an important guiding theory for clinical practice, closely related to the occurrence and development of coronary microvascular dysfunction. This article mainly discussed the role of macrophage polarization in coronary microvascular dysfunction, the relationship between the theory of healthy Qi and pathogenic factors and coronary microvascular dysfunction, the correlation between the theory of healthy Qi and pathogenic factors and macrophage polarization, and traditional Chinese medicine intervention. From the perspective of the theory of healthy Qi and pathogenic factors, it explored the role of macrophage polarization in coronary microvascular dysfunction, in order to explain the pathogenesis of coronary microvascular dysfunction and provide theoretical references for the clinical treatment of coronary microvascular dysfunction.
To obtain the differential genes of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) -idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and related pathways by bioinformatics methods, and to match and predict the potential Chinese medicines for treating pSS-IPF.
The gene chip data of training data set and validation data set were downloaded from GEO database, and the interaction networks of differential genes and proteins in pSS-IPF samples were determined. The key genes were identified by CytoHubba plug-in, and the disease-related functional modules were clustered and analyzed by MCODE plug-in. The transcription factors of common differentially expressed genes were predicted by TRRUST database. The GO function and KEGG pathway of key genes were analyzed to clarify the biological process of key genes. At the same time, the results of the previous analysis were verified by the differential gene expression in the verification set. Finally, the Coremine Medical database was used to predict the traditional Chinese medicine with significant regulatory effect on key genes.
A total of 136 differentially expressed genes of pSS-IPF were obtained from GEO database, and 127 nodes and 474 edge groups were obtained by importing them into STRING database. The MCODE plug-in performs cluster analysis on the PPI network and mines five disease-related functional modules. The CytoHubba plug-in searched 25 Hub genes in the relational network data and uploaded them to the GeneMANIA database, and obtained 10 genes which were most closely related to Hub genes, such as MX1, IFI44L, ISG15 and RSAD2. Then, the Hub genes were annotated by GO and analyzed by KEGG pathway. The results of enrichment analysis showed that the protein processing of endoplasmic reticulum, signal pathway related to virus infection, lipid and atherosclerosis, amino acid biosynthesis and cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathway were very important for the pathogenesis of pSS-IPF. TRRUST analysis showed that IRF1, SP1 and E2F1 were the three main transcription factors, and CASP7, TNFSF10, HSPA5 and PHGDH were also regulated by transcription factors. COREMINE was used to predict the key genes and pathways. The results showed that Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen), Leigongteng (Radix et Rhizoma Tripterygii), Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix), Gouqi (Lycii Fructus), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Dongchongxiacao (Ophiocordyceps) and Renshenye (Ginseng Folium) were the core Chinese medicines for pSS-IPF.
In this study, the core genes and gene-enriched pathways of pSS-IPF were identified, the biological processes involved in pSS-IPF were discussed, and the Hub gene was verified by the verification data set, which provided the support for the selection of new targets for pSS-IPF treatment, predicted the therapeutic Chinese medicine for Hub gene, and provided a basis for the treatment and research of pSS-IPF.
Cancer is still a major public health problem in the world, and it has become a serious threat to human health due to its refractory and high fatality rate. Traditional Chinese Medicine and its active ingredients have accumulated a lot of theoretical basis and practical experience in the treatment of malignant tumors. Bufalin is a cardiac glycoside compound isolated from the skin of Zhonghua Dachanchu (Bufo gargarizans) or Heikuang Chanchu (Bufo melanostictus) . Modern studies have proved that bufalin has broad-spectrum anti-cancer pharmacological activity against liver cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and other tumors. Its anti-cancer mechanism mainly includes inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, cancer stem cancer, induction of apoptosis and autophagy, reversal of drug resistance, enhancement of chemotherapy sensitivity and immune function. The application and development of omics technology provide a new vision and strategy for studying the anti-tumor mechanism of bufalin. Therefore, this review included the latest research literature, updated the anti-cancer mechanism of bufalin, focused on the mechanism of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics technology in the regulation of bufalin in the development of malignant tumors for the first time, and summarized the anti-cancer molecular mechanism of bufalin and the experimental results of traditional Chinese medicine based on related mechanisms and omics technology. The aim was to provide reference for further mechanism research and application of multiomics.
To observe the effect of Anchang Decoction (安肠汤, ACD) on mitophagy in intestinal epithelial cells of the rats with ulcerative colitis (UC) through PTEN inducing putative kinase 1 (PINK1) /Parkinson's disease protein (Parkin) /antiproliferative protein 2 (PHB2) /phosphoglycinate mutase 5 (PGAM5) signaling axis.
Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into Control group, Model group, Mesalazine group (0.42 g·kg-1) and ACD low, medium and high groups (ACD-L, ACD-M, ACD-H; 11.55, 23.1, 46.2 g·kg-1), 8 rats in each group. Except for the Control group, the UC model was established by 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) . After the model was successfully established, the blank group and the model group were given the normal saline by gavage, and the other groups were given the corresponding drugs by gavage for 14 days. After the intervention, the general condition of the rats in each group was observed and the body weight was recorded, the disease activity index (DAI) score was calculated, the pathological changes of intestinal tract were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mitochondrial ultrastructure of colonic epithelial cells (IECs) was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of mitochondrial microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and selective autophagy receptor (p62) were detected by immunofluorescence. The protein expression levels of PHB2, PGAM5, PINK1, Parkin, LC3 and p62 in colon tissues were detected by Western Blot. The mRNA expression levels of PHB2, PGAM5, PINK1 and Parkin in colon tissues were detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Compared with those of the Control group, the general condition of the Model group was worse, the body weight was significantly decreased, the DAI score was significantly increased (P<0.01), the pathological changes of colon tissue were obvious, the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-18 were increased (P<0.01), the mitochondrial structure of IECs was obviously missing, the number of Iecs was decreased, and the mitochondrial cristae was broken. The mitochondrial morphology was swollen and vacuolated, the protein and mRNA expression levels of LC3, PHB2, PGAM5, PINK1 and Parkin were decreased, and the protein expression level of p62 was increased in the treatment group (P<0.05, P<0.01) . Compared with those in the Model group, the rats in the Mesalazine group and each dose group of ACD were significantly improved, the body weight increased, the DAI score increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01), the colonic mucosal structure recovered to varying degrees, and the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-18 decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01) . The mitochondrial membrane of IECs was more complete, the number was increased, the swelling degree was decreased, and the structure of mitochondrial cristae was improved. ACD-Mand ACD-H showed more obvious autophagosomes or autolysosomes. The expression levels of LC3 protein, PHB2, PGAM5, PINK1 and Parkin protein and mRNA were increased in varying degrees. The p62 protein levels were decreased in different degrees (P<0.05, P<0.01) .
ACD reduces inflammatory response and promotes intestinal mucosal recovery to improve UC symptoms possibly by regulating the PHB2/PGAM5/PINK1/Parkin axis to promote mitophagy in IECs.
The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) are on the rise. Although the existing therapeutic means can curb the progression of the disease to a certain extent, there are problems such as large adverse reactions, immunosuppression, reduced quality of life and drug resistance, which can not fully meet the clinical needs. As an outstanding representative of Chinese civilization, traditional Chinese medicine has integrated with modern medicine and gradually shown new vitality. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in anti-CRC because of its multi-level, multi-target and multi-pathway advantages, and the active components of TCM saponins have become the focus of anti-tumor research in recent years. A large number of studies have shown that Chinese herbal saponins, such as ginsenosides, polyphyllin and anemoside, can inhibit CRC by regulating signaling pathways including Notch-Hes1, Hippo and STAT6, inhibiting CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transformation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, regulating energy metabolism, improving macrophage polarization and regulating intestinal guts. Based on this, this paper mainly summarized the mechanism of action and pharmacological activity of Chinese pharmaceutical saponins in the intervention of CRC in recent years, in order to provide a new idea for the drug therapy research and clinical new drug development of CRC, and also provide reference for further mechanism research.
Hongqi (Hedysari Radix) is the commonly used herb in traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients include polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids and organic acid. Pharmacological studies show that Hongqi (Hedysari Radix) has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, gastrointestinal protective and antiviral effects. In the article, the immunomodulatory effects of Hongqi (Hedysari Radix) and its main active components were summarized and it reveals that Hongqi (Hedysari Radix) and its main active components can alleviate the inflammatory reaction and maintain the stability of the immune system by acting on the spleen, thymus, T and B lymphocytes, NK cells and macrophages. The mechanism of action may be reducing the expressions of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) -2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1 βand nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory factors. Vitro experiments have shown that Hongqi (Hedysari Radix) and its extracts can improve oxidative stress and have target organ protective effects. In addition, Hongqi (Hedysari Radix) also has good immunomodulatory effects on autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, which are caused by Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance. This paper systematically summarized the main components of Hongqi (Hedysari Radix) with immunomodulatory effects and its action mechanism in immune regulation in order to provide basis for clinical application and further scientific research.
This study was based on the scientific questions of Dihuangye (Rehmanniae Folium), including the unclear history of the medicine property and functions, the similarity and difference of chemical components in the folium and root of Dihuang (Rehmannia glutinosa), the correlation between chemical compositions, pharmacological actions and medicinal property, functions of Dihuangye (Rehmanniae Folium) . Adopting literature analytic methods, the historical evolution of medicine property and functions of Dihuangye (Rehmanniae Folium) was clarified, and their basis and scientificity were discussed. The chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Dihuangye (Rehmanniae Folium) were systematically studied, the similarities and differences of the chemical components between Dihuangye (Rehmanniae Folium) and Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) were compared, and the correlation between the chemical compositions, pharmacological effects and medicine property, functions of Dihuangye (Rehmanniae Folium) was clarified.
As a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, Baihe (Lilii Bulbus) has the effect of moistening lung and relieving cough, clearing heart and calming mind. It can be used for Yin deficiency and dryness cough, insomnia and dreaminess, depression and boredom. Baihe (Lilii Bulbus) contains a variety of active ingredients, which can play the role of relieving cough and phlegm, anti-depression, anti-oxidation and so on. Clinically, it is often used in combination with Rehmannia, Zhimu, Perilla, Linderae Radix, polygonati Rhizoma, and is used in depression, insomnia, cough and other diseases. Drug pair is the simplest form of Chinese medicine compound and has been widely used since ancient times. This paper summarized the pharmacology of Baihe (Lilii Bulbus) and the clinical application of its common drug pairs, and deeply studied the use rule and compatibility theory of Baihe (Lilii Bulbus) drug pairs, so as to provide the reference for clinical, experimental and daily use of Baihe (Lilii Bulbus) drug pairs.
The incidence of osteoporosis continues to climb under the dual influence of the rising proportion of the elderly population and the unregulated use of hormone drugs in China. As a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Duzhong (Cortex Eucommiae) is well known for its ability to nourish liver and kidney, and strengthen the muscles and bones. Clinicians have widely used Duzhong (Cortex Eucommiae) in the treatment of osteoporosis, mainly due to its key active ingredients such as saponins, phenols and sterols. These components can effectively regulate the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts, influence the process of bone metabolism, optimise the internal environment of bones, and play a key role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by influencing the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the cytokine signaling pathway related to bone metabolism, and the estrogen signaling pathway. In this paper, it provided an overview of the latest research progress of Duzhong (Cortex Eucommiae) and its active ingredients in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, aiming to provide new research directions for Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Xinyi (Magnoliae Flos), as one of Chinese Eight Great Nanyang Medicines, has a long history of medicinal use and is widely applied in the treatment of rhinitis, sinusitis, colds, headaches and other respiratory-related diseases. Its primary chemical components include volatile oils, lignans, alkaloids and flavonoids, which exhibit significant pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, analgesic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. Modern research indicates that these bioactive compounds in Xinyi (Magnoliae Flos) play crucial roles in preventing and treating various diseases. Based on the concept of quality markers (Q-Markers) in traditional Chinese medicine, this study analyzed and predicted the Q-Markers of Xinyi (Magnoliae Flos) from several perspectives, including its main active ingredients, plant phylogenetics, differences in geographical origin and harvesting season, traditional medicinal properties, chemical traceability and compatibility in compound formulas. The aim is to provide a scientific basis for establishing an effective and systematic quality control framework for Xinyi (Magnoliae Flos).
As a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with a long history of documented use, Sangjisheng (Taxilli Herba) has been widely applied in various clinical practices. It is rich in chemical active components, including flavonoids, volatile oils, phenylpropanoids, vitamins and trace elements. Modern pharmacological studies have revealed that it possesses multiple therapeutic effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering and anti-tumor properties, with no significant toxic side effects observed in clinical applications. In gynecological practice, it is commonly used to treat conditions such as prolonged menstruation, amenorrhea, infertility and recurrent miscarriage, demonstrating favorable therapeutic outcomes. This review summarized the research progress on the active components, pharmacological effects and clinical applications of Sangjisheng (Taxilli Herba) in gynecology, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for its clinical use and to offer insights for further research on its components and pharmacological mechanisms.
To explore the efficacy and possible mechanism of Xingpi Capsule (醒脾胶囊) in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD).
Sixty SPF grade rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, low-dose Xingpi Capsule group［0.135 g/ (kg·d) ］, high-dose Xingpi Capsule group［0.54 g/ (kg·d) ］and domperidone group［3 mg/ (kg·d) ］, with 12 rats in each group. Except for the normal group, which was given 0.2 mL of 2% sucrose by gavage, the other groups were used to prepare the functional dyspepsia rat models by gavage with iodoacetamide for 6 consecutive days. Then the rats were normally fed until the 8th week. Starting from the 8th week, the normal group and the model group were given the same volume of distilled water by gavage, while the treatment groups were given the corresponding medication by gavage for one week. The macroscopic signs, gastric emptying rate, small intestine propulsion rate, serum levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P (SP) were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The morphology of gastric and duodenal tissues were observed using hematoxylin eosin staining (HE). The ZO-1 protein expression was observed using immunohistochemistry method. The mRNA expressions of ZO-1 and Occludin were detected using polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Occludin protein expression was detected using Western blot (WB). The changes in the types and abundance of gut microbiota were analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing.
Compared with the normal group, the model group showed a decrease in body weight, rat fur withered and discolored, reduced grip, decreased open field total pathway, gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate (P<0.01). The HE staining site showed disordered arrangement of goblet cells. ELISA results showed an increase in VIP content and a decrease in SP content (P<0.01), while immunohistochemistry results showed a decrease in ZO-1 expression (P<0.01) . PCR results showed a decrease in mRNA expressions of ZO-1 and Occludin (P<0.01), and WB result showed a decrease in Occludin protein expression. Compared with those in the model group, the mental state of the rats in the Xingpi Capsule groups and the domperidone group was significantly improved, with increased gastric emptying rate and small intestinal emptying rate (P<0.05, P<0.01) . ELISA results showed a decrease in serum VIP content and an increase in SP content (P<0.05, P<0.01) . Immunohistochemistry results showed an increase in ZO-1 expression (P<0.05, P<0.01) . RT-PCR results showed an increase in mRNA expressions of ZO-1 and Occludin (P<0.05, P<0.01) . WB results showed an increase in Occludin protein expression (P<0.01), and high-dose Xingpi Capsule group had a significant therapeutic effect on the rats. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed significant changes in the overall structure of the gut microbiota in the model group compared to those in the normal group. Compared with that in the model group, the overall structure of gut microbiota in the high-dose Xingpi Capsule group and the domperidone group was closer to that in the normal group, with decreased Chao1 and Shannon indices (P<0.01) . Through species composition analysis, the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum in the model group decreased compared to that in the normal group. Compared with that in the model group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum increased in the high-dose Xingpi Capsule group and the domperidone group. The significant difference analysis among groups found that the high-dose Xingpi Capsule group had a positive effect on the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota.
Xingpi Capsule can improve the damage of duodenal mucosal barrier and regulate the steady state of intestinal microbiota to achieve the effect of treating functional dyspepsia.
Alcoholic liver injury (ALI) is defined as liver damage resulting from the short-term or long-term ingestion of excessive amounts of alcohol. Flower medicines are derived from the entire or partial flowers of the plants. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, the flower medicines has a light texture and cooling properties, which can help to counteract heat, dampness and phlegm produced by alcohol to some extent. Additionally, they possess a sweet flavor and are less likely to cause side effects. Modern research has also found that flower medicines are rich in various active ingredients, which can alleviate ALI through antioxidant effects, regulation of lipid metabolism abnormalities, anti-inflammatory actions and modulation of gut microbiota. By summarizing the theoretical basis of TCM, the main action mechanisms and related research progress on the use of flower medicines in the prevention and treatment of ALI, this review aimed to provide ideas and directions for the ongoing development of flower medicine for preventing and treating ALI.
The pathology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a dynamic process characterized by temporal and spatial dimensions. In the temporal dimension, NAFLD begins with liver dysfunction due to blockage by phlegm-dampness, progressing over time to the generation of pathological products such as blood stasis and turbid toxins, ultimately resulting in liver deficiency. In the spatial dimension, NAFLD evolves from affecting the liver and spleen to involving the liver, spleen, and kidneys, and may eventually spread to other organs in the body. The“multiple strikes”theory of NAFLD pathogenesis aligns with the spatial and temporal integration observed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) . The“first strike”of obesity and insulin resistance corresponds to spleen deficiency, dampness, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The“second strike”involves oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes, turbid toxins accumulation in the liver, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to liver-kidney yin deficiency. This paper aims to use the spacetime-medicine theory as a guide to bridge TCMwith modern life science, elucidating the TCMperspective on NAFLD's pathologic mechanism.
Dayuan Decoction (达原饮), a classic prescription, comes from The Theory ofEpidemic Fever written by WU Youke, a famous doctor in the Ming Dynasty. It is a representative prescription for treating epidemic diseases, which has the effects of opening onto the pleurodiaphragmatic interspace and repelling filth and transforming turbidity. It is widely used in modern clinic to treat viral infectious diseases, acute liver and lung injury, fever, insomnia and pediatric diseases. The chemical composition, pharmacological action and clinical application of Dayuan Decoction in recent years were summarized and the quality marker (Q-Marker) of this formula was predicted and analyzed according to the concept of Q-Marker. The results showed that arecoline, quercetin, magnolol, honokiol, epicatechin, protocatechuic acid, mangiferin, timosaponin AⅢ, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, baicalin, baicalein, liquiritin, glycyrrhizicacid, glycyrrhetinic acid and isoliquiritigenin can be used as the Q-Markers, which could provide a reference for the quality control system and the development of Dayuan Decoction.
Rhubarb is one of the commonly used drugs in clinic, which is a good medicine for purging fire and laxative, cooling blood and detoxification. This paper summarizes the effective components of anthraquinones, anthrones, rhein, emodin and chrysophanol. In clinical application, rhubarb and its drug pairs have different mechanisms in the treatment of various diseases. It has pharmacological effects such as regulating gastrointestinal tract, anti-tumor, anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation, involving Wnt1/β-catenin, AMPK/TXNIP/NLRP3, TLR4/NF-κB/c-myc and other signaling pathways. In clinical application, rhubarb is often combined with Danshen, Taoren, Huanglian, Huangqi, Mahuang, Fuzi and other drugs, which has a certain effect on chronic kidney disease, adenomyosis, diabetes, pneumonia and other diseases. According to the different processing methods, the pharmacological effects of rhubarb change with the content of anthraquinone glycosides and monomer tannins. Modern research shows that the chemical composition of rhubarb before and after compatibility has a significant change. When the ratio of rhubarb to Salvia miltiorrhiza, Gardenia jasminoides, Centella asiatica, and Astragalus is 1∶2, 1∶1, 1∶5, 1∶1, respectively, it can maximize the drug efficacy, reduce toxic and side effects, and improve the effectiveness and safety of medication. This article focuses on the pharmacological effects of rhubarb and its compatibility research in network pharmacology, clinical compatibility application, and chemical composition changes before and after compatibility, in order to provide reference for the further development and utilization of rhubarb and its drug pairs, in order to better play the clinical value of traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb.
This article reviewed the historical evolution of Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) processing in ancient Chinese literature by reviewing previous works on herbal medicine. It summarized the collection of Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) processing methods in various provinces and cities'traditional Chinese medicine processing standards, and modern scientific research achievements such as Magnolia officinalis processing technology, processing effects on chemical composition and pharmacological effects, providing a basis for the standardized development of Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) processed products. According to ancient texts, the processing of Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) was first recorded in ZHANG Ji's Jinkui Yuhan Jing during the Han Dynasty. Later, different processing methods such as ginger processing (ginger roasting, ginger boiling, ginger soaking, ginger steaming, ginger roasting, etc.), wine processing and salt processing appeared. At present, the changes occur in processed Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) include phenols, volatile oils, alkaloids, glycosides and so on in literature records. The pharmacological effects of processed products of Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) include anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, anti ulcer effects, and regulation of the gastrointestinal tract. However, there is a lack of research on the correlation between changes in content and pharmacological effects in the study of processing pharmacology. Subsequent research can further explore the relationship between changes in component content and pharmacological effects in different processing methods of Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), laying the foundation for the standardization and pharmacological application of Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) processed slices in the future.
To evaluate the effects of Siwu Decoction (四物汤) on endometrial thickness, blood flow resistance index (RI) and estrogen receptor (ER) expression in patients with endometrial hyperplasia.
A total of137 cases of endometrial hyperplasia patients treated from March 2022 to March 2024 were selected, and all patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was treated with Siwu Decoction, and the control group was treated with conventional treatment for 3 months. Endometrial thickness and blood flow RI were measured by ultrasonography. The expression of ER was detected by immunohistochemistry method. Serum estradiol (E2) levels were measured before and after treatment.
The endometrial thickness of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group after treatment (P<0.05). The blood flow RI of the experimental group was significantly decreased and the blood flow was increased after treatment, which was better than that of the control group (P<0.05) . ER expression and E2 level in the experimental group were significantly decreased after treatment, and were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The menstrual cycle, menstrual volume and dysmenorrhea symptoms of the experimental group were significantly improved, and the differences were statistically significant compared with those of the control group (P<0.05) .
Siwu Decoction can effectively treat endometrial hyperplasia and relieve the clinical symptoms by adjusting endometrial thickness, improving hemodynamics and inhibiting estrogen receptor expression, and has significant clinical efficacy.
To observe the effect of Modified Huoxue Tongqiao Decoction (活血通窍汤加减方) combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the clinical prognosis and peripheral blood levels of microRNA-193b-3p (miR-193b-3p) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1 α) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).
Ninety-four patients with aSAH admitted from January 2022 to February 2024 were selected and divided into a hyperbaric oxygen group (47 cases) and a traditional Chinese medicine group (47 cases) using a lottery method. Both groups were treated with endovascular intervention or craniotomy clipping surgery. The hyperbaric oxygen group was treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy after surgery, while the traditional Chinese medicine group was treated with Modified Huoxue Tongqiao Decoction on the basis of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The thromboelastography parameters, relative expression levels of miR-193b-3p and miR-27a, HIF-1 α, oxidative stress markers, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores, Barthel (BI) index and short-term prognosis of two groups were compared.
After treatment, the levels of maximal amplitude (MA) and coagulation index (CI) and alpha angle of the hyperbaric oxygen group and traditional Chinese medicine group were lower than those before treatment, and these indexes of the traditional Chinese medicine group were lower than those of hyperbaric oxygen group (P<0.05) . After treatment, the miR-193b-3p levels were lower in the hyperbaric oxygen group and traditional Chinese medicine group than those before treatment, and the level in the traditional Chinese medicine group was higher than that in the hyperbaric oxygen group (P<0.05). The relative expression of miR-27a was higher in the hyperbaric oxygen group and traditional Chinese medicine group than those before treatment and the expression in the traditional Chinese medicine group was higher than that in the hyperbaric oxygen group (P<0.05) . After treatment, the levels of HIF-1 αand malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hyperbaric oxygen group and traditional Chinese medicine group were lower than those before treatment, and the levels of the traditional Chinese medicine group were lower than those of the hyperbaric oxygen group (P<0.05). The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the hyperbaric oxygen group and traditional Chinese medicine group were higher than those in the hyperbaric oxygen group, and the levels of the traditional Chinese medicine group were higher than those of the hyperbaric oxygen group (P<0.05) . After treatment, NIHSS scores and traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores of the hyperbaric oxygen group and traditional Chinese medicine group were lower than those before treatment, and the scores of the traditional Chinese medicine group were lower than those of the hyperbaric oxygen group (P<0.05) . BI indexes of the hyperbaric oxygen group and traditional Chinese medicine group were higher than those before treatment, and the index of the traditional Chinese medicine group was higher than that of the hyperbaric oxygen group (P<0.05). The short-term prognosis of the traditional Chinese medicine group was better than that of the hyperbaric oxygen group (P<0.05) . Comparison of adverse reactions between the two groups showed no difference (P>0.05) .
The combination of Modified Huoxue Tongqiao Decoction and hyperbaric oxygen therapy can alleviate the oxidative stress damage and improve the neurological function and short-term prognosis in patients with aSAH.
To explore the effect of Modified Ruangan Decoction (加味软肝饮) on the efficacy and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis.
A hundred and ten patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis were divided into two groups by random number table method. The control group (55 cases) was treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), and the observation group (55 cases) was treated with Modified Ruangan Decoction on this basis. Two groups were treated continuously for 3 months. The clinical effects of the two groups were recorded and compared. Liver function test kit was used to detect the liver function indexes［alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil) ］of the patients before and after treatment. The tumor markers of alpha-fetoprotein anisoplast 3 (AFP-L3), enolase-1 (ENO1) and abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA-Ⅱ) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The adverse events were recorded and compared, including gastrointestinal reactions, renal dysfunction, peripheral nerve injury and myelosuppression. After treatment, the patients were followed up for 1 to 3 years, and the survival rate of the two groups was recorded and compared.
The disease control rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) . In terms of the specific concentration levels of ALT, AST and TBil, there was no difference between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05) . After treatment, the specific concentration levels of ALT, AST and TBil of the two groups decreased (P<0.05), and compared with those in the control group, these indicators were significantly lower in the observation group (P<0.05) . In terms of the specific concentration levels of AFP-L3, ENO1 and PIVKA-Ⅱ, there was no difference between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05) . After treatment, the specific concentration levels of AFP-L3, ENO1 and PIVKA-Ⅱ in the two groups decreased (P<0.05), and compared with those in the control group, these indexes were significantly lower in the observation group (P<0.05) . After treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was lower than that in control group (P<0.05) . There was no difference in the survival rate between the two groups during 1-year follow-up (P>0.05), and the survival rate in the 2-year and 3-year follow-up groups was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05) .
Modified Ruangan Decoction has good efficacy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. It can improve liver function and reduce tumor marker levels, prolong the survival period, and is highly safe.
To explore the influence of Modified Bazhen Decoction (八珍汤加减) on skeletal muscle index and lower limb function in patients with stroke complicated with sarcopenia.
A total of196 stroke patients with sarcopenia in the hospital were selected from March 2021 to March 2024, and were randomly divided into study group and control group by using the random number table method, with 98 cases in each group. The control group was treated with daily rehabilitation therapy, while the study group was combined with oral administration of Modified Bazhen Decoction on the basis of the control group. The changes of TCMsyndromes scores, skeletal muscle index and grip strength were compared between groups before and after treatment. Timed Up and Go test (TUG) was used to evaluate the walking ability of the two groups before and after treatment. Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) was adopted to evaluate the lower limb balance ability of the two groups before and after treatment, and the lower limb exercise tolerance in the two groups was recorded before and after treatment.
After treatment, the scores of hemiplegia, limb weakness, hemianesthesia, hand and foot swelling, shortness of breath, and palpitation and spontaneous sweating in the two groups were decreased (P<0.05), the TUG was shortened (P<0.05), and the skeletal muscle index, grip strength, POMA and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max), maximum power and the exhaustion time of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) were increased (P<0.05). The scores of hemiplegia, limb weakness, hemianesthesia, hand and foot swelling, shortness of breath, and palpitation and spontaneous sweating in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), the TUG was shorter (P<0.05), and the skeletal muscle index, grip strength, POMA and VO2 max, maximum power and the exhaustion time of CPET were higher (P<0.05) .
Modified Bazhen Decoction has the exact efficacy in the treatment of stroke with sarcopenia. It can effectively improve the muscle strength level and lower limb walking function and balance function, and enhance the exercise tolerance of patients.
To investigate the effects of Mahuang Xixin Fuzi Decoction (麻黄细辛附子汤) on cardiac function, exercise tolerance and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with heart failure with Yang deficiency and water diffusion type.
Eighty-two patients with heart failure of Yang deficiency and water diffusion type were selected and divided into the control group and treatment group according to the randomized numerical table method with the ratio of 1∶1. The control group was treated with conventional western medicines as well as herbal placebo on the basis of the general treatment, and the treatment group was treated with Mahuang Xixin Fuzi Decoction on the basis of the general treatment and conventional western medicines. The two groups were treated for 4 weeks. The changes of clinical efficacy, TCM syndrome points, adverse reactions, cardiac function indicators［left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) ］, exercise endurance profile (6MWT), biomarkers［interleukin-6 (IL-6), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), NT-proBNP］, and Minnesota Heart Failure Life Quality Questionnaire (MLHFQ) before and after the treatment of the two groups were observed.
The differences between the two groups in the pre-treatment observation indicators were not statistically significant (P>0.05) . After receiving treatment, the clinical efficacy of the treatment group was significantly improved compared with that of the control group (P<0.05) . After treatment, the TCMsyndrome scores of the two groups, such as palpitations, chest tightness, fatigue, chills and edema, were improved, and the improvement in the treatment group was more obvious (P<0.05), but the difference in chest tightness symptoms in the control group was not obvious compared with that before treatment, and was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The treatment group showed significant improvement in cardiac function (LAD, LVEDD, LVESD, LVEF) and greater walking distance (6MWT) than the control group (P<0.05) . After the treatment, the levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, hs-CRP) and NT-proBNP were reduced in the treatment group compared to those in the control group (P<0.05). The MLHFQ scores also improved in the treatment group compared to those in the control group (P<0.05) .
Mahuang Xixin Fuzi Decoction can significantly improve the cardiac function, exercise tolerance and NT-proBNP content of the patients with heart failure of Yang deficiency and water diffusion type, which can effectively improve the quality of life.
Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) has a long history of research and application as a traditional Chinese medicinal material. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it has the effect of calming liver Yang, dispelling wind and dredging collateral, relieving wind and arresting convulsion, and is a Chinese herbal medicine often used in the treatment of ischemic stroke in clinical practice. The etiology and pathogenesis of ischemic stroke are complex, the clinical symptoms are recurrent, and the condition is lingering and difficult to heal, which seriously endangers the life, health and quality of life of the patients. Modern pharmacological studies have found that Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) and its active ingredients not only have anti-platelet aggregation, inhibit blood coagulation, reduce blood pressure, regulate blood lipids, protect nerve cells, vegetative tissue nerves and resist depression, but also can play the role of antioxidant stress, regulate immune inflammation and protect neurons through multiple pathways, so as to prevent and treat ischemic stroke. This article reviewed the mechanism and research of Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) and its active components in ischemic stroke, in order to provide reference for the clinical application and basic research of Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) in ischemic stroke.
Qianghuo (Notopterygium incisum) has been used in medicine for thousands of years, and its chemical composition is complex with a wide range of pharmacological effects. In recent years, due to the favorable development prospect of Qianghuo (Notopterygium incisum), a great deal of research has been carried out at home and abroad on the chemical composition and physiological activity of this plant. In this paper, the literature on Qianghuo (Notopterygium incisum) at home and abroad was studied and organized, and the main chemical components of Qianghuo (Notopterygium incisum), such as volatile oils, coumarins, carbohydrates and glucosides, polyyneses, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and other chemical components, such as amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, etc., were reviewed, and the Chinese and English names of each main compound were listed. Based on the modern pharmacological activity of Qianghuo (Notopterygium incisum) and the latest research progress of the theoretical basis of Chinese medicine, the authors have compiled a wide range of biological activities of Qianghuo (Notopterygium incisum) in antithrombotic, antiepileptic, antidepressant, improvement of learning and memory disorders, antioxidant, treatment of diabetes mellitus, as well as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, antiseptic, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities and their related mechanisms of action, as well as some applications about Qianghuo (Notopterygium incisum) in the clinical field. It provides reference for the deeper research and rational development and utilization of Qianghuo (Notopterygium incisum) as well as the theoretical basis for its pharmacological material basis and development and utilization.
Bronchial asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease involving multiple cells and cell components, posing a serious threat to children’s health. Ethnic minorities have accumulated rich experience in the diagnosis and treatment of asthma, with unique theoretical systems and advantageous techniques. To further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma in children from multiple ethnic medical perspectives and leverage the advantages of multi-ethnic medicine in treating asthma, the Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Childhood Bronchial Asthma (bronchial asthma) with Multi-Ethnic Medicine has been formulated. It is applicable to children with a clear diagnosis of bronchial asthma and is suitable for reference by personnel engaged in the teaching and clinical work of bronchial asthma in traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic minority medicine institutions, universities, etc.
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