ArchiveTo optimize the fermentation conditions of Fupenzi（Rubi Fructus）by Lactobacillus plantarum using Fupenzi（Rubi Fructus）as the raw material.
Taking the ratio of material to liquid，inoculation amount，sugar addition amount and fermentation time as the investigation factors，and the contents of total flavonoids and total phenols as the evaluation indexes，the single factor and orthogonal experiments were designed to screen the optimum process conditions for the fermentation of Fupenzi（Rubi Fructus）by Lactobacillus plantarum，and the characteristic volatile flavor substances before and after fermentation were analyzed.
The optimum conditions for the fermentation of Fupenzi（Rubi Fructus）by Lactobacillus plantarum were as follows：solid-liquid ratio 1：25 g/mL，inoculation amount8%，sugar addition amount2%，fermentation time 24 h. A total of 52 volatile flavor substances were detected in the samples before and after fermentation，including 8 type of alcohols，4 type of ketones，12 type of aldehydes，7 type of acids，7 type of esters，6 type of alkanes，3 type of phenols and 6 type of other substances.
Fermentation can effectively improve the flavor and nutritional value of Fupenzi（Rubi Fructus）.
Non alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）has become the most common chronic liver disease in the world. The incidence rate is increasing year by year. In addition to causing serious damage to the liver itself，it is also an independent risk factor for systemic metabolic diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Autophagy is an important self-protection mechanism in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. According to the concept of“analogical analogy”in traditional Chinese medicine，it is believed that the pathogenesis of NAFLD caused by“Yang deficiency and Yin excess”is similar to that caused by autophagy. Therefore，this article analyzed the relationship between Yin-Yang and autophagy in NAFLD from the aspects of physiology，pathology，diagnosis and treatment. Exploring the micro level application of autophagy and the connection between Yin and Yang in traditional Chinese medicine to induce the restoration of“Yin-Yang balance”of the body and guide the treatment of NAFLD，that is，restoring autophagy function（Yang）and reducing lipid droplet deposition（phlegm dampness，blood stasis and other Yin pathogens），providing reference for theoretical research，clinical prevention and treatment of this disease.
To analyze the effect of ursolic acid on the expressions of long chain non coding RNA（lncRNA）-LINC01089 and its targetgenes in papillary thyroid carcinoma（PTC）.
LINC01089 was a differentially expressed lncRNA that was previously screened and verified by transcriptome sequencing in the early stage. TPC-1 cells and normal human thyroid cells（Nthy-ori3-1）were routinely cultured in vitro and were divided into normal human thyroid cell group，control group and UA groups（10，20，40 μmol·L-1）. The survival rate of TPC-1 cells in each group was detected by CCK-8 assays. Scratch and Transwell experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of ursolic acid on the horizontal，vertical migration and invasion of TPC-1 cells. RT qPCRmethod was used to detect the relative expression level of LINC01089 in TPC-1 cells and the intervention effect of ursolic acid. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of target genes Ras Homolog Family Member F（RHOF）and 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase（HPD）as well as the intervention effectof ursolic acid.
Different concentrations of UA（10，20，40 and 80 μmol·L-1）could inhibit the proliferation of TPC-1 cells for different periods of time（12～48 hours）. When the concentration of ursolic acid was 10～40 μmol·L-1，the inhibitory effect of the cells gradually increased with increasing of concentration and prolongation of action time within 12 and 24 hours（P<0.05）. After treating TPC-1 cells with ursolic acid for 24 hours，the cell proliferation was slow，and as the concentration of ursolic acid（10，20 and 40 μmol·L-1）increased，morphological changed in cell apoptosis. Compared with the control group，the ursolic acid（10，20，40 μmol·L-1）groups inhibited the migration and invasion of TPC-1 cells in a significant concentration dependent manner（P<0.01）. Ursolic acid can up-regulate the expression of LINC01089，and down-regulate themRNA and protein expression levels of RHOF and HPD.
Ursolic acid has a certain inhibitory effect on thyroid papillary carcinoma cells，and its mechanism may be related with the LINC01089 and its target gene RHOF.
Millimeter wave radar and traditional Chinese medicine observation have the same non-inductive observation in common. Existing studies have confirmed that the application of millimeter wave radar in medicine can detect the two vital signs of breathing and heart rate. In addition to breathing and heart rate，it also can identify human movements and other signals through ranging and speed measurement. Based on the principles of millimeter wave radar such as angle measurement，distance measurement and recognition of human vital signs，this paper discussed the relationship between the detected signals and the eight aspects of observation such as spirit，color，body，state，complexion，eyes，emotions and breath，and made theoretical innovations based on millimeter wave radar and various technologies to detect and sense human physical signs displayed outside，in the hope of contributing to the accurate judgment and rapid diagnosis of diseases in clinic.
This study explored the application of the Segment Anything Model（SAM）series in digitalizing traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）inspection diagnosis research，aiming to reduce extensive manual annotation required for specific part segmentation models of tongue，face，eye，and hand under TCM theoretical guidance.
First，the Fast Segment Anything Model（Fast SAM）was used to perform unsupervised segmentation on images of the tongue，face and eyes. The evaluation of its ability to fully segment these areas indicated that FastSAM is highly effective in isolating the specific regions needed for TCM diagnostics. Secondly，SAM used with bounding box prompts，can compensate for Fast SAM＇s suboptimal performance in segmenting finer details such as cracks in the tongue，the forehead on the face，blood vessels in the eyes，and fingernails on the hands.
FastSAM achieved Intersection over Union（IOU）values exceeding 0.9 for both the tongue and facial areas，and over 0.8 for the ocular area，indicating its good performance in overall or partial image segmentation. Additionally，SAM demonstrated the excellent segmentation results for detailed areas that Fast SAM cannot handle.
The SAM series of models offers a novel segmentation approach for the subsequent analysis of image features in TCM inspection guided by TCM theory. It enables zeroshot segmentation of various TCM inspection images across different dimensions，potentially significantly reducing the manual annotation workload for TCM inspection image features. At the same time，it effectively enhances the accuracy and reliability of TCM inspection.
Spleen is the acquired foundation and the source of Qi-blood biochemistry. Qi deficiency of spleen will lead to the dysregulation of body transportation and metabolic disorders，resulting in type 2 diabetes（T2DM）. Previous studies of the research group believes that spleen is related to sweet taste，that is，spleen can“store essence in spleen”through the intervention of sweet drugs，so as to improve the symptoms of T2DM. It is known that sweet compounds activate sweet taste receptors in taste buds in the oral cavity. In order to further explore the correlation between sweet taste receptors and the application of spleen in the treatment of T2DM，the role of sweet taste receptors in T2DM was systematically reviewed by combining the bibliometrics method，and the scientific connotation of spleen in taste was explained from the perspective of sweet taste receptors. It fully embodies the application basis of treating T2DM from spleen from the perspective of the theories that sweet taste drugs can treat spleen diseases，spleen is related to sweet taste，sweet taste drugs can nourish spleen，sweet taste drugs can treat T2DM and so on.
As a rare animal traditional Chinese medicine，Tubiechong（Eupolyphaga Steleophaga）has been commonly used in clinical practice，which is the essentialmedicine of ancient doctors to promote blood circulation and treat injury. It has the effect of breaking blood and removing blood stasis，and reinforcing tendons and setting bones. The processing of Tubiechong（Eupolyphaga Steleophaga）has a long history，and it was recorded as early as in the Han Dynasty. There were more than 10 processing methods，such as stir-frying，baking，lime and so on after Han Dynasty. Tubiechong（Eupolyphaga Steleophaga）hasmild toxicity. After processing，it can reduce toxicity，correctodor and flavor，facilitate pulverization and clinicalapplication. Modern studies have shown that the main chemical components of Tubiechong（Eupolyphaga Steleophaga）include protein polypeptides，nucleosides，fatty acids，phenylpropanoids，alkaloids and other compounds，which have anti-coagulant，anti-thrombotic，anti-tumor and analgesia effects and so on. This paper reviewed the processing history evolution，chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Tubiechong（Eupolyphaga Steleophaga）by referring to herbs，medical books and related literature in the past dynasties，in order to lay a foundation for the clinical rational drug use of Tubiechong（Eupolyphaga Steleophaga）of different processing specifications，the improvement of the standards of decoction pieces and the functional core substances and other related research.
To optimize the extraction and inclusion technology of the mixed volatile oil of Foshou（Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus），Xiangyuan（Citri Fructus），Chenpi（Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium）and Bohe（Menthae Haplocalycis Herba）.
Under the guidance of the quality by design concept，the key process parameters of volatile oil extraction were qualitatively and quantitatively screened using fishbone diagram，failuremodel and effect analysis respectively，and the extraction process of mixed volatile oilwas optimized using single factor test combined with Box-Behnken response surface test. The extraction rate，contents of D-limonene，γ-terpinene and L-menthol of volatile oilwere scored by Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP）-entropy weight method，and the space of extraction process design was established. Single factor testand orthogonal testwere used to optimize the inclusion process of volatile oil and characterize its inclusion compounds.
The extraction time，water adding ratio and soaking time were the key parameters，and the extraction time was4.5-5 h，water adding ratio was 8.8-10 times and soaking time was 44-60 min. The optimal process of inclusion of volatile oil included the inclusion time of2.5 h，the ratio ofβ-cyclodextrin to volatile oil of12∶1 g/mL and the inclusion temperature of30℃.
The extraction and inclusion process of the volatile oil from the mixture of Foshou（Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus），Xiangyuan（Citri Fructus），Chenpi（Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium）and Bohe（Menthae Haplocalycis Herba）is stable and reliable based on the quality by design concept and AHP-entropy weightmethod，which provides an experimental basis for the subsequent development and industrial production of related preparations.
Honghua（Carthamus tinctorius L.）is amedicinal and edible herb of Composite family. It has the effects of promoting blood circulation andmenstruation，removing blood stasis and relieving pain. So far，a variety of chemical components have been isolated from Honghua（Carthamus tinctorius L.），involving flavonoids，alkaloids，polyacetylene，spermidine，polysaccharides and inorganic elements，among which flavonoids are themost. It has various pharmacological activities such as anti cardiovascular，immune regulation，anti-inflammatory and analgesic，anti-tumor and antioxidant effect，etc. Honghua（Carthamus tinctorius L.）polysaccharide is one of themain pharmacological components of Honghua（Carthamus tinctorius L.）. Ithas pharmacological activities such as immune regulation，anti-tumor，antioxidant，etc.，with themost prominentanti-tumor effect，and has potential research and developmentvalue. Therefore，the present study elucidated the extraction process，isolation and purification，structural characterization，pharmacological activity and molecular mechanism，in which，the structural characterization of Honghua（Carthamus tinctorius L.）polysaccharides was described in detail. Meanwhile，the in vivo，in vitro and clinical bioactivities of saffron polysaccharides were reviewed，and the possiblemechanisms of their bioactivities were discussed. Finally，a new outlook for future research is presented. In conclusion，this paper reviewed the research progress on the extraction，purification，structural characterization，bioactivity and pharmacological application of Honghua（Carthamus tinctorius L.）polysaccharides，and provided new valuable insights for future research on Honghua（Carthamus tinctorius L.）polysaccharides，aswell as a reference for the utilization of the chemical components of Honghua（Carthamus tinctorius L.）polysaccharide resources.
Chirality is a common phenomenon in nature. Many components of traditional Chinese medicine have chiral centers，and the pharmacological activity of drugs is closely related to the chiral structure. In recent years，a large number of traditional Chinese medicine chiral drugs have been applied to the clinic. Undoubtedly，“chirality”has attracted wide attention in the safe use of traditional Chinese medicine. From this，it can be seen that studying the forms and mechanisms of chiral components in traditional Chinese medicine is crucial for in-depth exploration of its pharmacology and efficacy. And it is of great significance for drug development and safe use in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. In order to have a better understanding of chiral components，this paper summarized the research progress on research status，the characteristics of the existence，biological activity，toxicity and other aspects of chiral components of traditional Chinese medicine，for the purpose of providing references for the activity evaluation of chiral components of traditional Chinese medicine and the improvementof quality standards of traditional Chinese medicine.
This review summarized the effects of acupotomy therapy on the mechanism of immune inflammation in knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis has become a worldwide problem due to its high disease rate and disability rate. Acupotomy therapy is unique amongmany therapies because of its characteristics of efficiency，convenience and economy. With the deepening of research，it is found that the acupotomy may regulate inflammatory factors in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis：（1）regulating pro-inflammatory factors，such as pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin（IL）and so on；inducing nuclear factor-kB（NF-kB），Janus kinase（JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription（STAT），phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B（AKT），mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK）and other signaling pathways to reduce inflammatory response；（2）regulating anti-inflammatory factors，such as interleukin-4（IL-4），interleukin-10（IL-10），to affect the JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to produce anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion，by sorting out the mechanism of immune inflammatory and the intervention of acupotomy therapy in knee osteoarthritis，it provided more evidence and thoughts for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
To observe the effects of Huangqi（Astragali Radix）on the expressions of key enzymes in the vitamin D system（CYP27B1，CYP24A1）and the levels of1，25（OH）2D3 and IL-22 in the skin lesions of amouse psoriasis likemodel induced by imiquimod.
Successfully modeled mice were random ly divided into amodel control group，a vitamin D group，a methotrexate group and Huangqi（Astragali Radix）low，medium and high dose groups. A normal control group was also established，and the continuous intervention was given for 3 weeks. The skin lesions were evaluated by psoriasis area and severity index（PASI）. Hematoxylin-eosin stain（HE）staining was used to observe the pathological changes of mouse skin lesions. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）detected the levels of serum 1，25（OH）2D3 and IL-22 in mice. Real TimeqPCR and immunohistochemistry methods were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 in mouse skin lesions，respectively.
Compared with the normal control group，themodel group showed significant changes in skin lesions，a significant increase in PASI score（P<0.05），characteristic pathological changes in psoriasis，a significant decrease in serum 1，25（OH）2D3 levels（P<0.05），a significant increase in IL-22 levels（P<0.05），a significant down-regulation of CYP27B1 expression in skin lesions（P<0.05），and a significantup-regulation of CYP24A1 expression（P<0.05）. Compared with the model control group，the PASI scores of the Huangqi（Astragali Radix）medium and high dose groups，the vitamin D group and methotrexate group，were significantly reduced（P<0.05），and the tissue pathology improved. The levels of 1，25（OH）2D3 were significantly increased（P<0.05），and the levels of IL-22 were significantly reduced（P<0.05）. The expression of CYP27B1 in skin lesions was significantly up-regulated（P<0.05），and the expression of CYP24A1 was significantly down-regulated（P<0.05）.
Huangqi（Astragali Radix）can improveIL-22 levels in psoriasismice，which may be related to regulating the expression of key enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 in the vitamin D system.
Using Box-Behnken design response surfacemethodology to optimize the preparation process parameters of magnololwhey protein isolate nanoparticles（MAG-WPINPs），and to characterize their formulation and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterialeffects.
MAG-WPI-NPswere prepared using a desolvation method，with encapsulation efficiency as the evaluation index. The preparation process parameters were optimized using a single factor combined with Box-Behnken design response surface methodology. The optimized MAG-WPI-NPs were characterized by their morphology，particle size，potential and other physicochemical properties. The free radical scavenging ability of 1，1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenyl hydrazine（DPPH）and its ability to inhibit Escherichia coli were evaluated.
The optimal preparation process parameters included a volume ratio of12：1 for anti solvent/solvent，a feed ratio of12：1 for whey protein/magnolol，and a probe time of 1.5 minutes. The prepared MAG-WPI-NPs had a clear，transparent and slightly bluish appearance. Under transmission electron microscopy，the nanoparticles appear spherical with an average particle size of（227.33±0.02）nm. The potential was（-23.6±0.02）mV，the encapsulation efficiency was（98.57±0.46）%，the drug loading was（8.57±0.001）%，and the polydispersity index（PDI）was（0.1369±0.26）%. MAG-WPI-NPs had DPPH radical scavenging effects，Escherichia coli inhibitory effects，and were more potent than free drugs.
This study prepared a natural food grade self-assembled MAG-WPI-NPs. The preparation method was simple，safe and non-toxic，significantly improving the poorwater solubility and low bioavailability of magnolol and laying the foundation for the clinical application of magnolol.
To explore the preventive effect of Ziyin Yishen Decoction（滋阴益肾汤）on postoperative cerebral vasospasm（CVS）in perimenopausal female patients with intracranial aneurysms undergoing interventional therapy，and the influence of the levels of serum vascular cell adhesion molecule 1（sVCAM-1）and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1（sICAM-1）.
Sixty perimenopausal female patients with intracranial aneurysms who underwent microsurgery in the hospital from July 2021 to March 2023 were divided into the control group（30 cases）and the observation group（30 cases）. The control group was treated with nimodipine，while the observation group additionally received Ziyin Yishen Decoction on the basis of the control group. The treatment course for two groups was 14 days. The treatment efficacy and postoperative CVS incidence between two groupswere compared. Before and after treatment，the BI score and NIHSS score，the levels ofmiddle cerebral artery blood flow velocity（VMCA）and endothelin-1（ET-1）as well as the levels of serum sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 were evaluated.
The effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）. The incidence of postoperative CVS in the observation group was lower than that of the control group（P<0.05）. After treatment，BIscore and the level of VMCA of two groups were higher than those before treatment，while the NIHSS score，the levels of ET-1，sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 were lower than those before treatment（P<0.05）. BIscore and the level of VMCA of the observation group were higher than those of the control group，while the NIHSS score，the levels of ET-1，sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 were lower than those of the control group（P<0.05）.
Ziyin Yishen Decoction has a significant therapeutic effecton perimenopausal female patients undergoing interventional therapy for intracranial aneurysms. It can reduce the occurrence of postoperative CVSand lower the serum levels of sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1，worthy of clinical reference.
This study aimed to elucidate themechanism of the combined use of Yinyanghuo（Epimedii Folium）and Nluvuzhenzi（Ligustrum lucidum Fructus）in enhancing the suppression of endogenous glucocorticoids（GC）in asthmatic rats.
Male SD ratswere randomly divided into five groups：normal，model，Yinyanghuo，luvyuzhenziand compatibility groups. An asthmatic ratmodelwas established using sensitization and stimulation with ovalbumin，followed by a two-week drug treatment via gavage. The serum levels of corticotropin releasing hormone（CRH），adrenocorticotropic hormone（ACTH）and corticosterone（CORT）were assessed using enzyme immunoassay. Targeted metabolomics was used to detect endogenous glucocorticoid（GC）metabolism levels in urine. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to identify protein markers of pulmonary hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 11β1（HSD11B1），hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 11β2（HSD11B2）and the expressions of cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily Bmember 1（CYP11B1）and steroid generation factor 1（SF1）in the adrenal gland. Western blotting was used to ascertain the protein expressions of CYP11B1，SF1，HSD11B1 and HSD11B2 in liver tissue.
Yinyanghuo（Epimedii Folium）and Nluvuzhenzi（Ligustrum lucidum Fructus）alone or in combination can elevate the levels of serum CRH，ACTH and CORT，ameliorate urinary endogenous GC metabolic disorders，up-regulate the expressions of HSD11B1 and HSD11B2 proteins in lung tissue，CYP11B1 and SF1 proteins in the adrenal gland，and the protein expressions of HSD11B2 and CYP11B1 in liver tissue of the model rats.
The effects of Yinyanghuo（Epimedii Folium）and Nluvuzhenzi（Ligustrum lucidum Fructus）in the treatment of asthma are associated with the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis inhibition，the modulation of key factors in the GC synthesis ormetabolization pathway，the up-regulation of endogenous GC levels，and the improvement of endogenous GC disorders.
Sini Powder（四逆散），a renowned formula from ZHANG Zhongjing’s Shanghan Lun in the Han Dynasty. Its main functions are to dispel evils and relieve depression and soothe liver and regulate spleen. Its medicinal attributes，therapeutic efficacy and sophisticated formulation are all centered on the principle of“harmonizing”. As a classic prescription，Sini Powder exhibits extensive clinical potential and significant research value regarding its mechanism of action. With the advancement of traditional Chinese medicine within the realm ofmodernmedical science，Sini Powder has shown considerable progress in both clinical applications and mechanistic understanding. It is extensively utilized in addressing neurological disorders，gastrointestinal diseases，gynecological conditions and other medical fields，demonstrating notable therapeutic efficacy. From a pharmacological perspective，Sini Powder exerts a range of activities，including antidepressant，sedative-hypnotic，hepatoprotective，antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory effects，characterized by its multi-target and multi-pathway therapeutic approach. This review synthesized recent studies by domestic and international researchers on the clinical applications and mechanisms of Sini Powder，thereby providing amore robust scientific foundation for its clinical use.
To provide new ideas for the intercultural dissemination of traditional Chinese medicine through the study of translation strategies for cultural-loaded terms related to the five movements and six Qi in the Yellow Emperor＇s Inner Canon·Suwen.
Taking the cultural-loaded terms of the Five Movements and Six Qias the research object，tracing the Chinese meanings of cultural-loaded terms based on the records in Historical Records by SIMA Qian and The History of the Han Dynasty. Taking the translations of NIMaoxin，LIZhaoguo and YANG Mingshan as a reference，two types of translations were proposed：literal translation and transliteration.
The foreignization translation of cultural-loaded terms in the theory of Five Movements and Six Qi preserved and reflected the characteristics of Chinese language and language style. The use of transliteration and literal translation methods to convey the content of the original text can enhance the readability and comprehensibility of the translation.
The translation of cultural-loaded terms in the theory of Five Movements and Six Qishould bemainly based on the strategy of foreignization，combined with various translation methods，in order to achieve intercultural dissemination and promote the wider dissemination and exchange of traditional Chinese medicine culture.
Chenpi（Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium）has a long history of edible and medicinal use and iswidely used in clinic. In 2024，the Catalogue of Medicinal and Food Homology defines Chenpi（Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium）as a dual use for medicine and food，which is good for drying dampness and strengthening spleen，regulating Qi and eliminating phlegm. Phlegmdampness constitution is the“common soil”of various metabolic diseases，and phlegm is the source ofall diseases，which is often mixed with other pathogenic factors. Therefore，improving the bias of phlegm-dampness constitution and preventing the formation and transmission of phlegm-dampness related diseases have become one of the focuses of modern doctors. Therefore，this paper respectively researched the ancient and modern application of Chenpi（Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium）for food and medicine，explored its effect on the improvement of phlegm-dampness“physical soil-disease occurrence”，and initially explored the relationship between Chenpi（Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium）for food and medicine，in order to provide reference and basis for clinical application.
As a unique therapy in traditional Chinese medicine，the analgesic effect of press needle is not only based on the theory of Zang-Fu organs and meridians in traditional Chinese medicine，but also corresponds to the neurophysiological principles of modern medicine. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine，the pain is often caused by disharmony of Qi and blood，aswell as blockage of meridians，leading to pain due to lack of nourishment or blockage. Press needle stimulates acupoints，regulates Qi and blood，dredgesmeridians and moistens tendons and meridians through the skin-collaterals-defensive Qi-tendons，thus achieving the analgesic effect. The modern medical mechanisms mainly include the influence of acupuncture on the neuro-endocrine conduction pathway，cytokines and local connective tissue，producing analgesic，anti-inflammatory and soothing effects. In clinical applications，press needle can quickly relieve pain and improve the quality of life of patients with internal diseases such as headache and stomachache. In the field of surgery，press needle has significant therapeutic effects on postoperative pain，traumatic pain，etc. In obstetrics and gynecology，press needle has a good inhibitory effecton dysmenorrhea and uterine contraction pain. In pediatrics，press needle is welcomed by parents for its non-invasive，painless and effective characteristics. In addition，for intractable pain such as cancer pain，press needle can also alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients，showing promising prospects. This article summarized the clinical application of press needle in the treatment of pain diseases，aiming to further promote the deep exploration，research and promotion of press needle analgesia therapy among clinical practitioners.
To study the therapeutic mechanism of resolving blood stasis and regulating tendons acupuncture combined with Zhuyu Zhitong Decoction（逐瘀止痛汤）in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.
Eighty-six patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were selected and divided into two groups according to random number table. Forty-three cases in the reference group were treated with resolving blood stasis and regulating tendons acupuncture，and the other forty three cases in the study group were treated with resolving blood stasis and regulating tendons acupuncture and Zhuyu Zhitong Decoction. The clinical efficacy，TCM syndrome scores，inflammatory factor levels and lumbar function of the two groups were observed and compared.
The total effective rate of the study group was 95.35%，higher than that（74.42%）of the control group. The difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. After treatment，the lumbar function in the study group was higher than that in the reference group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. After treatment，the levels of interleukin-6（IL-6），interleukin-17（IL-17）and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）in the study group were lower than those in the reference group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. After treatment，compared with those of the reference group，VAS score and muscle strength were higher and ODIscore was lower in the study group，and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. After treatment，compared with those of the reference group，the pelvic lateral inclination，pelvic tilt angle and sagittal plane flat axis of the study group were smaller，and the lumbar lordosis angle was larger. The differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）.
The patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated by resolving blood stasis and regulating tendons acupuncture and Zhuyu Zhitong Decoction，which can effectively improve the function of the lumbar spine，reduce the inflammatory response of the body and promote the recovery of the patients，and have high clinical application value.
Functional dyspepsia（FD）is a relatively common digestive disease in clinical practice，and there is no functional dyspepsia in traditional Chinese medicine，but according to its clinical manifestations，it can be included in the categories of“stuffiness and fullness”，“gastric pain”，“stagnation”and“accumulation”. Through reviewing the literature，the author has found that FD is located in the stomach and has a close relationship with liver，spleen and heart，mostly due to the onset of external evils，dietary irregularities and deficiency of spleen and stomach，which ultimately leads to an imbalance in the function of spleen ascending and stomach descending，and an imbalance in the human body＇s Qi，thus leading to the occurrence of FD. Zhizhu Pill（枳术丸）was firstly transformed from ZHANG Zhongjing＇s Zhizhu Decoction（枳术汤），then improved by WANG Kuang in Song Dynasty and LIU Wansu in Jin Dynasty，and was firstly mentioned in Discussion of Internal and External Injuries and Prohibition of Dietary Use of Medicines for Internal and External Injuries by LI Dongyuan. Zhizhu Pill has the efficacy of strengthening spleen and eliminating stuffiness and fullness，and has been widely used by doctors in the following generations for the treatmentof diseases of spleen and stomach. Clinical studies have found that Zhizhu Pill is often used in the treatment of FD，either as a single formula with additions and subtractions，or in combination with Xiangsha LiujunziDecoction（香砂六君子汤），Chaihu Shugan Powder（柴胡疏肝散），western medicines and moxibustion，in order to improve the efficacy of the treatment，minimize the side-effects and reduce the recurrence rate. Experimental studies have found that the mechanism of action of Zhizhu Pill for FDmay be related to the regulation of the brain-gutaxis，reduction of visceral hypersensitivity，regulation of gastrointestinal function and restoration of intestinal flora dysbiosis. This paper discussed the theoretical research，clinical experiment and mechanism of action，aiming to study the progress of Zhizhu Pill in treating FD，in order to provide broader ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
How to promote rapid regeneration of the musculoskeletal system is an urgentproblem to be solved in the treatment of complex and difficult orthopedic diseases. Lurong（Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum）is the only reproducible mammalian organ discovered so far，and its stem cells have efficient regenerative effects on bone tissue，cartilage，nerves，blood vessels and skin. The application of Lurong（Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum）related drugs locally or systemically，combined with variousminimally invasive techniques in orthopedics，is expected to achieve the goal of early rehabilitation for orthopedic patients. This paper reviewed the functions and clinical applications of Lurong（Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum）related products，providing new ideas for regenerative medicine treatment models in the orthopedic fields.
To study the clinical study of Longqing Tablets（癃清片）in the treatment of chronic prostatitis with dampness-heat stasis.
A total of 80 patients diagnosed with chronic prostatitis with damp-heat and blood stasis were selected and divided into two groups according to random number table. Forty cases in control group were treated with Tamlosin Hydrochloride Sustained-Release Tablet，and the other 40 cases in study group were treated with Longqing Tablets. The clinical efficacy，chronic prostatitis syndrome score index（NIH-CPSI），urodynamic indexes and prostatic fluid related indexes of the two groups were compared.
The total effective rate of the study group was95.00%，higher than that（77.50%）of the control group，and there was statistical significance（P<0.05）. After treatment，the NIH-CPSIscore of the study group was lower than that of the control group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. After treatment，compared with those of the control group，themaximum urine flow rate and maximum bladder volume in the study group were higher，and the changes of residual urine volume and maximum detrusor pressure were lower，and there was statistical significance（P<0.05）. After treatment，the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1（MCP-1），macrophage-stimulating factor（M-CSF），vascular cell adhesion molecule 1（VCAM-1），interleukin-10（IL-10）and C-reactive protein（CRP）in the study group were lower than those in the control group，and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）.
After Longqing Tablets treating patients with chronic prostatitis with dampness-heatand blood stasis，the clinical symptoms can be alleviated，the inflammatory response can be effectively reduced and the antibacterial effect is good. It can promote the recovery of the patients，and have high clinical application value.
Ischemic stroke is a common and severe cerebrovascular disease primarily caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain，resulting in significant damage to brain tissue and severely impacting patients＇quality of life. Despite the introduction of modern medical treatments such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator（rt-PA）thrombolys is and mechanical thrombectomy，issues like time window limitations and bleeding risks remain challenging. In recent years，traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）hasmade remarkable progress in the treatment of ischemic stroke. TCM not only overcomes the time window limitations of traditional thrombolytic therapy but also significantly reduces bleeding risks. Among the potential treatments，Chinese herbal glycosides have been extensively used for various diseases，including ischemic stroke. This paper focused on the relationship between Chinese herbal glycosides and ischemic stroke，summarizing their mechanisms of action in antioxidation，anti-inflammation，maintenance of vascular function，neuroprotection，and regulation of gutmicrobiota. The study aimed to provide novel perspectives and approaches for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.
LU Zhizheng，the master of traditional Chinese medicine，is deeply studying and thinking about the spleen and stomach theory and the theory of febrile disease，taking into account the changes of modern etiology and pathogenesis. His academic experience has been summed up into sixteen words：“holding spleen and stomach as the center of the body，regulating the four limbs and other Zang-Fu organs，delighting the mood，regulating the ascending and descending，giving attention tomoistening and drying and maintaining normal intake and transformation”. This article took spleen and stomach diseases as the core，analyzed the syndrome differentiation thought contained in giving attention to“giving attention tomoistening drying and maintaining normal intake and transformation”.“Giving attention tomoistening and drying”is in accordance with the characteristics of“stomach preferring moistening and disliking drying”and“spleen preferring drying and disliking dampness”. At the same time，it is not limited to Zang-Fu organs，with syndrome differentiation as the focus. It also sorted out the medication strategy of both moistening and drying，supplemented by regulating Qi and delighting the mood，so as to achieve the treatment purpose of maintaining normal intake and transformation.
Pine plant polysaccharides（PPPS）have complex structural characteristics and various biological activities，such as immune regulation，anti-tumor，anti-oxidation and regulation of blood glucose. More and more studies have shown that polysaccharides are one of the main active ingredients of pine plants and play an indispensable role in the medicinal value of pine plants. In recentyears，a large number of studies have been carried outon PPPS，including the extraction，separation，structural identification and activity research of PPPS. However，at present，the research on PPPS is not deep enough. The structure of polysaccharides is only preliminarily analyzed. The crude polysaccharides are used in the study of activity，and only simple efficacy evaluation is made. The specific mechanism of action and the structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides are not clear. At present，the extraction of PPPSmainly uses hot water extraction，ultrasonic assisted extraction，microwave assisted extraction，enzyme assisted extraction and other processes. In terms of purificationmethods，anion exchange chromatography and dextran gel chromatography were mainly used. In the aspect of chemical structure analysis，the molecular weight，monosaccharide composition and proportion，connection mode and so on were mainly studied. In terms of biological activity，the activities of immune regulation，anti-virus and anti-tumor were studied. This paper summarized the research data in this field in the past ten years aswell as the research background，extraction，purification，structural characteristics and biological activity of PPPS，in order to provide some research prospects for the study of PPPS.
To explore the curative effect of Diwu Yanggan Prescription（地五养肝方）combined with laparoscopic hepatectomy in the treatment of primary liver cancer and the prevention of recurrence.
A total of74 patients with primary liver cancer（admitted from January 2020 to September2022）were included，and the patientswere divided into a simple operation group（37 cases）and a combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine group（37 cases）by random number table method. All patients in the simple operation group were treated with laparoscopic hepatectomy，while those in the combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine group were treated with Diwu Yanggan Prescription combined with laparoscopic hepatectomy. During the study，there were 2 cases shedding in the combined traditional Chinese and western medicine group and 1 case in the simple operation group. The data in each group was observed，including the efficacy，visual analogue scale（VAS）3 and 5 days after surgery，complications，postoperative exhaust and first time，length of hospital stay，changes in total TCM symptom scores before and after treatment，the changes of direct bilirubin（DBIL），aspartate transaminase（AST）and glutamic pyruvic transaminase（ALT），the levels of interleukin-6（IL-6），C-reactive protein（CRP）and tumor necrosis factor alpha（TNF-α）7 days after surgery，the levels of alpha-fetoprotein（AFP）and matrix metalloproteinase-9（MMP-9）before and after treatment，the tumor recurrence rate 6months and 1 year after surgery.
The total effective rate of the combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine group was higher than that of the simple operation group（P<0.05）. The VAS scores of the combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine group were lower than those of the simple operation group 3 d and 5 d after surgery（P<0.05）. The complication rate of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine group was lower than that of the simple operation group（P<0.05）. The postoperative exhaust，the first time and the length of hospital stay in the combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine group were shorter than those in the simple operation group（P<0.05）. After treatment，liver function indexes（DBIL，AST，ALT）in the combined traditional Chinese and Westernmedicine group was better than that in the simple operation group，the total TCM symptom score was lower than that in the simple operation group，the levels of AFP and MMP-9 were significantly lower than those in the simple operation group（P<0.05）. The levels of IL-6，CRP and TNF-αin the combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine group were lower than those in the simple operation group 7 days after surgery（P<0.05）. Sixmonths after operation，the recurrence rate of both groupswas not significant（P>0.05）. One year after the operation，the recurrence rate of the combined traditional Chinese and Westernmedicine group was lower than that of the simple operation group（P<0.05）.
Diwu Yanggan Prescription combined with laparoscopic hepatectomy has good efficacy in the treatment of primary liver cancer，with improved symptoms and liver function，good postoperative recovery，light pain，rapid recovery，fewer complications，safety and reliability，and can better prevent the tumor recurrence after 1 year，which isworthy of application.
The term“Xiwang”first appeared in The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor and is a symptom of memory impairment. The formation mechanism of this symptom has been discussed in The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor too. With the continuous understanding of later generations of doctors，the disease name“forgetfulness”gradually appeared，and initially recognized the relationship between emotions and memory. Inmodernmedicine，brain diseases are often accompanied by“forgetfulness”. Emotion is the source and product of human mental activities，which can affect thememory function of human brain and even lead to dementia. At the same time，as the intermediary between the five Zang-organs and mental activities，emotions affect each other，so it can be used as a therapeutic means and method to promote the recovery of memory function from the perspective of regulating Zang-Fu organs. Therefore，from the understanding of memory in traditional Chinese medicine，the relationship between emotions and memory，discussing the relationship and treatment between emotions and“forgetfulness”by focusing on single emotion and interwoven emotion.
To evaluate the impact of Yougui Pill（右归丸）and Modified Ditan Decoction（涤痰汤）on endocrine hormone metabolism and insulin resistance in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS）.
A total of 102 patients with PCOSadmitted to the hospital from March 2020 to March 2024 were selected as the study objects，51 cases in the control group were treated with Western medicine alone，and a total of 51 patients in the observation group received treatment with Yougui Pill and Modified Ditan Decoction based on the standard therapy，and the clinical effects，sex hormone indexes，ovarian and menstrual conditions，and glucose metabolism indexes of the two groups were compared.
The total effective rate of the observation group was 98.04%，higher than 78.43% of the control group，and the difference was significant（P<0.05）. After treatment，the serum levels of testosterone（T）and luteinizing hormone（LH）in the two groups were lower than those before treatment，and the levels of estradiol（E2），prolactin（PRL），follicle-stimulating hormone（FSH）and sex hormone binding globulin（SHBG）were higher than those before treatment（P<0.05），and the decrease/increase in the observation group was more significant than that in the controlgroup（P<0.05）. After treatment，the ovarian volume and follicle number of the two groupswere increased（P<0.05），and the increase was more significant in the observation group compared with that in the control group（P<0.05）. The recovery rate of menstruation in the observation group was96.08%，which was higher than that（74.51%）in control group（P<0.05）. The ovarian recovery rate of the observation group was 96.08%，higher than that of the control group（76.47%，P<0.05）. After treatment，the levels of fasting blood glucose（FBG），fasting insulin（FINS），2-hour blood glucose（2 h PG）and insulin resistance index（HOMA-IR）in both groups were decreased（P<0.05）. Compared with those in the control group，the levels of FBG，FINS，2 h PG and HOMA-IR in the observation group were significantly decreased（P<0.05）.
In patients with PCOS，the combined treatment with medication and the approach of warming kidney and resolving phlegm demonstrates the significant therapeutic efficacy. This regimen effectively regulates the endocrine hormone levels，improves the glucose metabolism parameters and facilitates the recovery of the patients.
To investigate the interventional effect of Shengdihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）on kidney damage in metabolic syndrome mice.
Male ICR mice were fed with 30% fructose solution for 12 weeks to establish a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. After 12 weeks ofmodeling，themice were orally administered with extract of Shengdihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）（2、4 g/kg）and allopurinol（0.005 g/kg，positive control）for 12 weeks，and 30% fructose was continued during this period. The levels of body weight，insulin sensitivity，serum insulin，triglyceride（TG），total cholesterol（TC），high density lipoprotein cholesterin（HDL-C），low density lipoprotein cholesterin（LDL-C），uric acid，creatinine，urinary uric acid and albuminuria were measured. H & E staining was used to observed renal tissue histology，and immunohistochemistry staining was used to observe the expressions of glucose transporter 9（GLUT9）and urate anion transporter 1（URAT1）in kidney tissue. The levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β（IL-1β），interleukin-18（IL-18），interleukin-6（IL-6）and tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α）in the renal tissue were detected. Immun of luorescence stainingwas used to observe the expression of nuclear factorκB（NF-κB）in kidney tissue.
Shengdihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）exhibits potential in reducing body weight，improving insulin resistance and blood lipid abnormalities，lowering serum uric acid levels，promoting uric acid excretion by down-regulating the expressions of GLUT9 and URAT1，decreasing the serum levels of creatinine and urinary albumin，ameliorating renal histopathological changes，inhibiting nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB）activation，and the attenuating levels of renal inflammatory cytokines IL-1β，IL-18，IL-6 and TNF-αin fructose-fed mice.
Shengdihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）can promote uric acid excretion by regulating the expressions of urate transport proteins GLUT9 and URAT1，thereby alleviating kidney inflammation in fructose-fed mice.
To investigate the effects of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection（参芪扶正注射液）on the proliferation，invasion and migration of cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP cells of human lung adenocarcinoma and the intervention on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT）and drug resistance regulated by Keratin（KRT19）.
A549/DDP cells were random ly divided into 4 groups（control group and medication group）. The medication groups were given cisplatin，Shenqi Fuzheng Injection and Shenqi Fuzheng Injection+cisplatin intervention respectively. CCK8 was used to selected the optimal intervention concentration of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection. Trans well was used to observe the cell invasion and migration ability. EdU staining was used to observe the cell proliferation ability. The expressions of KRT19，EMT and resistance-associated proteins（E-Cadherin，N-cadherin，Vimentin，ABCC1，ABCG2）were detected by Western Blot.
Compared with those in the control group，the cell invasion，migration and proliferation abilities in themedication intervention group were significantly reduced. Among them，the cell invasion，migration and proliferation abilities in the Shenqi Fuzheng Injection+cisplatin group were further decreased than those in the cisplatin group（P<0.05）. Compared with those of the cisplatin group，the protein expression levels of KRT19，N-cadherin，Vimentin，ABCC1 and ABCG2 in the Shenqi Fuzheng Injection+cisplatin group were significantly down-regulated（P<0.05），and E-Cadherin protein expression was significantly up-regulated（P<0.05）. The differences were statistically significant.
Shenqi Fuzheng Injection can inhibit the proliferation，invasion and migration of A549/DDP cells，and increase the sensitivity of cisplatin，which may be related to the intervention of EMT and drug resistance regulated by KRT19.
To investigate the role of Zuogui Pill（左归丸）in regulating Janus kinase 2（JAK2）signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（STAT3）in the retinal development of prenatal stress（PS）rats.
Thirty-two pregnant SD rats were random ly divided into blank control group，model group，Zuogui Pill group（18.9 g·kg-1）and vitamin E group（1.44 mg·kg-1），with 8 rats in each group. The other groups were established PSmodel by chronic unpredictable mild stress（CUMS）. The PSmodel was evaluated by behavioral tests，and the serum levels of glucocorticoid（GC）and thyroxine-4（T4）were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. The morphological changes of the retina of the hematoxylineosin（HE）staining at18，21 and 21 days after birth were observed，and the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR）protein in the retina of the offsprings was detected by immunofluorescence. The protein expressions of EGFR and JAK2/STAT3 pathway were detected by Western blotting.
Compared with those in the model group，the preference of sugar water，the ability of exercise exploration and the contentof serum T4 were decreased，while the level of GCwas increased in the model group（P<0.05）. In Zuogui Pill group and vitamin E group，the glucose preference，exercise exploring ability and T4 levels of pregnantmice were increased，while the GC levelwas decreased（P<0.05）compared with those of the model group. The model group showed delayed retinal differentiation in E18 and P0，severe retinal pathological damage in P21 and weakened EGFR positive signal. The expression levels of p-EGFR/EGFR，p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 in the retina were significantly decreased（P<0.05）. Zuogui Pillgroup and vitamin E group can improve the above abnormal indexes in different degrees.
Thematernal intervention of Zuogui Pill can improve the effect of PS on the retinal development of offspring rats through JAK2-STAT3.
Baizhu（Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz.）is a traditional medicine with long history which has been widely distributed in China. The essential oil（EO）derived from Baizhu（Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz.），as the main effective part of AMA，is composed of terpenoids，alkanes，aromatics，etc. It has a wide range of pharmacological effects，including anti-tumor，anti-oxidant，immunomodulative，gastrointestinal regulation and anti-bacterial effects. Although many scholars have conducted research on AMA EO，to the best of our knowledge，there is no systematic review about it. This paper reviewed literature published at home and abroad，analyzed the chemical components of AMA EO，summarized its pharmacological activities and toxicity aswell as its clinical applications，so as to provide reference for further development of themedicinal value of AMA EO.
Podocyte is one of the important components of glomerular filtration barrier. Its injury can cause a variety of glomerular diseases. Repairing or improving podocyte injury is a potential target for the treatment of a variety of glomerular diseases and has received extensive attention. The key pathological mechanisms are mainly related to oxidative stress，autophagy disorder，inflammatory response，epithelial-mesenchymal transition，mitochondrial dysfunction，endoplasmic reticulum stress and abnormal expression of podocytemarker proteins. Podocyte injury belongs to“kidney source”in TCM，which is the syndrome of deficiency in root and excess in branch. Huangqi（Astragali Radix）can treat podocyte injury by tonifying kidney and replenishing Qi to strengthen the healthy Qi and expelling toxin to eliminate the pathogenic factors. It can regulate autophagy，improve mitochondrial dysfunction and regulate the expressions of podocytemarker proteins to reinforce the healthy Qi. It can regulate anti-oxidative stress，inhibit inflammatory response，inhibitepithelial-mesenchymal transition，and down-regulate endoplasmic reticulum stress to eliminate the pathogenic factors. It plays a role in protecting podocytes inmultiple pathways and multiple targets. This article reviewed the research status of the mechanism of Huangqi（Astragali Radix）and its active ingredients in the intervention of podocyte injury，aiming to provide a certain reference for the clinical application of Huangqi（Astragali Radix）in the treatment of podocyte injury and to prospect the future research direction.
To explore the effect of Roucongrong（Cistanches Herba）on nerve cell injury in Parkinson＇s disease（PD）rats and its related mechanism.
Sprague-dawley（SD）male rats were random ly divided into three groups（10 rats in each group）：control group，modelgroup and Roucongrong（Cistanches Herba）group. The rats in the modelgroup and the Roucongrong（Cistanches Herba）group were intracranially injected with 6-hydroxydopamine（6-OHDA）. The rats in the Roucongrong（Cistanches Herba）group were given Roucongrong（Cistanches Herba）solution（0.216 g/mL），and those in the blank group and model group were given the normal saline irrigation［1 mL（100 g·d）］for two weeks. Themorphology and ultrastructure of nerve cells in hippocampuswere observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electronmicroscopy. Themorphology of Nishi bodies in the Hemimani region was observed by Nishi＇s staining. The levels ofmalondialdehyde（MDA）and superoxide dismutase（SOD）were detected by thiobarbituric acidmethod and nitroblue tetrazolium method. The changes of Kelchlike ECH-related protein 1（Keap 1），nuclear factor E2-related factor2（Nrf2）and heme cyclooxygenase 1（HO-1）proteins were analyzed byWestern blot.
After the treatment of Roucongrong（Cistanches Herba），the hippocampal tissue structure of PD rats was improved，themorphology of neurons was improved，the nuclear pyretosis was relieved，the content of antioxidant enzyme SOD in hippocampuswas gradually increased，while the contentof oxidative stress productMDA was gradually decreased，and the expression of Keap 1 protein in hippocampus was decreased. The protein expressions of Nrf 2 and HO-1 increased.
Roucongrong（Cistanches Herba）can improve the damage of hippocampus neurons，and reduce the oxidative stress response in hippocampus of PD rats. The effect of Roucongrong（Cistanches Herba）in the treatmentof PD rats is closely related to the regulation of Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
To explore the clinical efficacy of Modified Ditan Decoction（涤痰汤化裁方）in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）complicated with pulmonary infection and its effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6（IL-6），interferon-γ（IFN-γ）and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）in serum.
One hundred and twenty-four patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung infection in the hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were randomly divided into study group（62 cases）and control group（62 cases）. The control group was treated with conventional Western medicine. Based on this，the study group received Modified Ditan Decoction. Then the clinical efficacy，TCM syndrome scores，blood oxygen partial pressure（PaO2），blood oxygen saturation（SaO2），arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure（PaCO2），forced expiratory volume in the first second（FEV1），maximal voluntary ventilation（MVV），forced vital capacity（FVC），the ratio of forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity in the first second（FEV1/FEV2），interleukin-6（IL-6），interferon-γ（IFN-γ）and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）were compared between two groups.
No statistical difference was reported between two groups in terms of baseline pulmonary function parameters，blood gas index，TCM syndrome scores，or the levels of serum IL-6，IFN-γ and TNF-α（all P>0.05）. The total efficacy rate was 96.77% in study group，which was higher than 87.10% in control group（P<0.05）. The study group had lower TCM syndrome scores than the control group after treatment（P<0.05）. After treatment，the blood gas indexes of the two groups，such as PaO2 and SaO2 increased and PaCO2 decreased，and the improvement in the study group was more obvious（P<0.05）. After treatment，lung function indexes such as FEV1，MVV，FVC and FEV1/FVC in both groups increased，and the improvement in the study group was more obvious（P<0.05）. After treatment，the serum levels of IL-6，IFN-γ and TNF-α in the two groups decreased，and the improvement in the study group was more obvious，with statistical significance（P<0.05）.
Application of Modified Ditan Decoction in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary infection can effectively ameliorate the pulmonary function，alleviate the clinical symptoms，and reduce the levels of IL-6，IFN-γ and TNF-αin serum.
To observe the clinical effect of Fupi Yishen Recipe（扶脾益肾方）combined with manual root surface leveling in the treatmentof severe chronic periodontitis（spleen-kidney Yang deficiency type）and its effecton inflammatory factors.
A total of 102 patients with severe chronic periodontitis（spleen-kidney-yang deficiency type）admitted from January 2020 to January 2024 were included in the group study. The patients were divided into the simple operation group and the combined Chinese medicine group by random number tablemethod，with 51 cases in each group. All patients in the simple operation group received manual root planarization treatment. Those in the combined Chinese medicine group were treated with manual root surface leveling and Fupi Yishen Recipe. During the treatmentand study，1 patient in the simple operation group fell off，and 2 patients in the combined Chinese medicine group fell off. The clinical efficacy，integral changes of TCM symptoms（main symptoms，secondary symptoms and tongue and pulse）before and after treatment，the changes of periodontal index and concentration of inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid，the changes of masticatory function（bite force and masticatory efficiency）and the adverse reactions of treatmentof two groupswere observed.
The total effective rate of the combined Chinese medicine group was higher than thatof the operation group（P<0.05）. Before treatment，the scores of TCM symptoms（main symptoms，secondary symptoms and tongue and pulse），periodontal indices such as gingival bleeding index（BI），plaque index（PLI）and loss ofattachment（AL），depth of periodontal probe（PD），concentration of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）and interleukin-1β（IL-1β）in gingival crevicular fluid，and chewing function（biting force）of patients in both groups had no significance（all P>0.05）. After treatment，the above indexes were all improved and those in the combined Chinese medicine group were better than those in the simple operation group（all P<0.05）. No serious adverse reactions were observed in the combined Chinese medicine group and the simple operation group（P>0.05）.
Fupi Yishen Recipe combined with manual root surface leveling has significant clinical effect in the treatment of severe chronic periodontitis（spleen-kidney Yang deficiency type），which can effectively reduce the concentration of inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid，improve the clinical symptoms，periodontal index and masticatory function of patients and promote the recovery of patients. The treatment is relatively safe and reliable.
To observe the clinical effectof Ziyin Xiehuo Prescription（滋阴泻火方）on girlswith precocious puberty and simple obesity.
A total of230 girlswith central precocious puberty accompanied by simple obesity admitted from June 2020 to June2023 were included in the study. The patients were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method，with 115 cases in each group. The girls in the control group were treated with leuprorelin acetate microspheres，while those in the observation group were treated with leuprorelin acetate microspheres combined with Ziyin Xiehuo Prescription. The treatment lasted for 6months. During the treatment，5 cases fell off in the observation group and 4 cases fell off in the controlgroup. The data of allgroupswas compared，including the efficacy，traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score before treatment and 6 months after treatment，the levels of serum estradiol（E2），luteinizing hormone（LH）and follicle-stimulating hormone（FSH），uterine length and ovarian volume，breast stage，bone age，body mass index（BMI）and adverse reactions.
The total effective rate of girls in the observation group was higher than that in the control group. Before treatment，the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores，the levels of E2，LH and FSH，uterine length，ovarian volume，breast stage，bone age and BMI of all groupswere not significant（P>0.05）. After treatment，the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores，the levels of E2，LH and FSH，uterine length，ovarian volume and breast stage of girls in both groupswere decreased（P<0.05）. After treatment，the levels of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores，the levels of E2，LH and FSH in the observation group were lower than those in the control group，the values of uterine length，ovarian volume，breast stage and bone age were lower than those in the control group，and BMI in the observation group was lower than that in the control group. The adverse reaction rate of girls in observation group and controlgroup was low（P>0.05）.
In the treatment of central precocious puberty with simple obesity girls，Ziyin Xihuo Prescription can regulate the levels of sex hormones，delay the development of breast，uterus and ovary，do not aggravate the trend of obesity，and inhibit the growth of bone age to a certain extent.
To explore the effect of Xiagu Xiaoying Prescription（夏菇消瘿方）combined with Chinese medicine on benign simple thyroid nodules.
A total of102 patientswith benign simple thyroid nodules admitted from January 2022 to June 2023 were included and divided into control group and traditional Chinese medicine group by random number table method，with 51 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated orally with levothyroxine sodium tablets，and those in the traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）group were treated with Xiagu Xiaoying Prescription and external application of Chinese medicine for 8 weeks on the basis of medication in the control group. During the treatment，4 cases fell off in control group and 3 cases fell off in TCM group. The data of each group was observed，including the clinical therapeutic effect，TCM symptom integral（palpable lump in front of the neck，discomfort in the neck，difficulty breathing，foreign body sensation in the throat，soft and painless mass，emotional depression）before and after treatment，thyroid volume and thyroid nodule diameter change before and after treatment，the levels of thyroid stimulating hormones［thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH），free thyroxine（FT4），free triiodothyronine（FT3）］and other thyroid function indexes and adverse reactions.
The total effective rate of the TCM group（95.83%）was obvious higher than that of the control group（82.98%）（P<0.05）. Before treatment，TCM syndrome scores（palpable lump in front of the neck，discomfort in the neck，difficulty breathing，foreign body sensation in the throat，soft and painless mass，emotional depression），thyroid volume and maximum diameter of thyroid nodule were not significant between two groups（P<0.05）. After treatment，TCM syndrome scores（palpable lump in front of the neck，discomfort in the neck，difficulty breathing，foreign body sensation in the throat，soft and painless mass，emotional depression）of patients in tow groups decreased significantly，and thyroid volume and maximum diameter indexes of thyroid nodule decreased significantly. These indicators in the TCM group were all lower than those of the control（P<0.05）. There were no significant differences in thyroid function indexes（TSH，FT4 and FT3）among two groups after treatment（P>0.05）. The total adverse reaction rate of the TCM group（2.08%）was lower than that of the control group（14.89%）（P<0.05）.
Xiagu Xiaoying Prescription combined with Chinese medicine external application in the treatment of benign simple thyroid nodules can significantly relieve the symptoms，significantly reduce the nodules，the recovery is good，and the treatment of adverse reactions are less. The treatment method is safe and reliable，worthy of application.
To investigate the efficacy of Longxuejie（Resina Draconis）combined with fluorouracil injection in patients with keloid scarswith different transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β）single nucleotide polymorphisms.
A total of 240 cases of keloid patients admitted to the hospital from July 2019 to January 2022 were included，which were categorized into wild group（wild-type TGF-β）and mutant group（mutant TGF-β）based on TGF-β single nucleotide polymorphisms，and themutant group was divided into rs747857 group（rs747857-type TGF-β），rs1800469 group（rs1800469 type TGF-β）and rs2241716 group（rs2241716 type TGF-β）. Five groups were treated with fluorouracil injection monotherapy or Longxuejie（Resina Draconis）combined with fluorouracil injection. The patients in the five groupswere scored by the Vancouver Scar Scale（VSS），the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale（POSAS）and the Dermatologic Quality of Life Index（DLQI）scale before treatment and 12 months after the first treatment.
Compared with those of the wild group，the expression levels of TGF-β mRNA in themutation group，rs747857 group，rs1800469 group and rs2241716 group increased（P<0.05）. Compared with the wild group，the patients in the mutation group，rs1800469 group and rs2241716 group under monotherapy showed a significant increase in the total VSSscore and the total POSAS score after treatment（P<0.05）；whereas，compared with monotherapy，the patients in the mutation group，rs1800469 group and rs2241716 group under the combination therapy showed a significant decrease in the total VSS score and the total POSAS scores were significantly decreased（P<0.05）. Compared with thewild group，the patients in the rs2241716 group all showed a significant increase in DLQI scale scores after treatment（P<0.05）；whereas，compared with monotherapy，the patients in the rs2241716 group under combination therapy all showed a significant decrease in DLQI scale scores after treatment（P<0.05）. Compared with the wild group，the patients in the rs1800469 and rs2241716 groups showed a significant decrease in the effective rate after treatment（P<0.05）；while compared with mono therapy，the patients in the rs1800469 and rs2241716 groups under combination therapy showed a significant increase in the effective rate after treatment（P<0.05）. Compared with the wild group，the patients in the mutation group，rs1800469 group and rs2241716 group had delayed the first apparent effect and the number of fluorouracil times to reach the first apparent effect（P<0.05）；while compared with the monotherapy，the patients in the mutation group，rs1800469 group and rs2241716 group under the combination therapy had advanced the first apparent effect and the number of fluorouracil times to reach the first apparent effect（P<0.05）. Fewer total adverse reactions were observed in the wild，mutant，rs747857，rs1800469 and rs2241716 groups under combination therapy compared with monotherapy（P<0.05）.
Longxuejie（Resina Draconis）combined with fluorouracil injection has better efficacy and fewer adverse effects in patients with keloids with different TGF-β single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Gout is a recurrent metabolic disease with abnormal purine content and/or uric acid concentration in the body. The common clinical manifestation of gout is gouty arthritis（GA），which is a series of inflammatory reactions（heterologous diseases）caused by the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals（MSU）in surrounding tissues such as joint capsules，cartilage，synovium，etc. Nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB）signaling pathway，as an important mechanism of inflammation，is highly expressed in gout. Activated upstream receptors induce cells to produce tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin-6（IL-6），interleukin-1β（IL-1β）and other pro-inflammatory factors through NF-κB signaling pathway. This leads to inflammation. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）has a long history in the prevention and treatmentof gout，with definite clinical efficacy and few side effects，and has the characteristics and advantages of multi-targets and extensive sources. According to the research athome and abroad，it is found that traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients could reduce the production of inflammatory factors，improve the inflammatory response and alleviate the attack of gout by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. In order to supplement the scientific nature of clinical medication and explore its pharmacological mechanism，this article reviewed the latest research results and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine and active ingredients in the treatment of gout by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway by referring to relevant domestic and foreign literature，in order to provide scientific ideas for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine and provide reference for promoting the development of new drugs.
Yinyanghuo（Epimedii Folium）is a traditional tonic traditional Chinese medicine. It has significant biological functional activity and a wide range of pharmacological effects on many major organs and tissues of the human body. Themain chemical constituents of Yinyanghuo（Epimedii Folium）are flavonoids，lignans，alkaloids，volatile oils and other trace elements. Flavonoids are the main active ingredients and have significant immunomodulatory effects on the body. The immunomodulatory effects of flavonoids such as icariin（ICA），icaritin（ICT），dehydrated icariin（AHI），icariside I（ICA I），icariin polysaccharide（EPS）and total flavonoids of icariin（EFC）have been widely reported in recent years. A number of studies have shown that the above components have significant regulatory effects on immune organs，immune cells（includingmacrophages，T lymphocytes，B lymphocytes，NK cells，LAK cells，CD3AK cells，etc.），immune factors and tumor immune microenvironment. In recent years，with the continuous deepening of clinical observation and experimental research on the regulation of immune function by Yinyanghuo（Epimedii Folium），it has provided a scientific basis for improving the immune function of the body by traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper，the research status of Yinyanghuo（Epimedii Folium）regulating immune function was reviewed in order to provide reference for the study of the immunomodulatory effect of Yinyanghuo（Epimedii Folium）or other tonic Chinese medicines.
To explore the curative effect of Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction（加味葛根芩连汤）and its influences on immune function in patients with recurrentoral ulceration（ROU）.
According to simple randomization method，they were divided into observation group and control group，56 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Kangfuxin Solution，while the observation group was treated with Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction for 8 weeks. The curative effect and the number of oralulceration in the two groups were recorded. The ulceration pain［Visual analogue scale（VAS）］，the scores of TCM syndromes，the levels of inflammatory cytokines［Interleukin（IL）-1β，IL-17，IL-10，tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）］in peripheral blood，cellular immune function（CD3+，CD4+，CD8+），quality of life［World health organization quality of life scale（WHOQOL-100）］and adverse reactions in the two groups were evaluated. All were followed up for 8 weeks after treatment to evaluate recurrence rates.
The total response rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）. After treatment，the scores of TCM syndromes and the number of ulceration in the observation group were lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）. After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment，the levels of serum IL-1β，IL-17，IL-10 and TNF-α were decreased in both groups，which were lower in the observation group than those in the control group，and the above serum indexes were the lowest in the observation group after 8 weeks of treatment（P<0.05）. After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment，the levels of CD3+and CD4+were increased，while CD8+levelwas decreased in both groups. The levels of CD3+and CD4+in the observation group were higher than those in the controlgroup，while CD8+level was lower than that in the control group. After8 weeks of treatment，the levels of CD3+ and CD4+ were the highest，while CD8+ level was the lowest in the observation group（P<0.05）. As the treatment time changed，VAS score was gradually decreased，and WHOQOL-100 score was gradually increased in both groups. After 2，4，6 and 8 weeks of treatment，VAS scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group，and WHOQOL-100 scores were higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups（P>0.05）. The recurrence rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group（P<0.05）.
Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction can not only improve the clinical curative effect，relieve inflammatory response and pain，butalso improve the immune function and quality of life，and reduce the recurrence rate in ROU patients，with high safety.
To study the effect of postoperative acupuncture intervention on Mini-mental state examination（MMSE）score and recovery time in elderly patientswith lower extremity surgery in department of orthopedics.
A total of104 elderly patients undergoing lower limb surgery in orthopedics department of the hospital from January to December 2022 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into two groups according to the random number tablemethod，with 52 cases in each group. The control group was treated with surgery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia，and the observation group was treated with postoperative acupuncture intervention on the basis of the control group. The vital signs，recovery time，MMSE score，hemorheology and adverse reactions of the two groupswere observed and compared.
There was no significant difference in body temperature，heart rate or blood pressure between the observation group and the control group at1 and 3 days after operation（P>0.05）. The postoperative recovery time of the observation group was significantly shorter than thatof the control group（P<0.05）. After operation，the MMSE score of the control group decreased significantly，and there was no significant change in the observation group. The MMSE score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）. Before operation，there was no significant difference in high or low shear whole blood viscosity，plasma viscosity，hematocrit and erythrocyte aggregation indexes between the two groups（P>0.05）. After operation，the above hemorheology indexes of the two groups decreased significantly，and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group and the control group was 3.85%（2/52）and 15.38%（8/52），and the incidence of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group（P<0.05）.
Postoperative acupuncture intervention is satisfactory for the elderly patients undergoing lower limb surgery in orthopedics. It can promote the recovery of patients，protect their cognitive function，improve the hemorheology，reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions，and facilitate the rehabilitation of the patients.
To investigate the effectof Dingkun Pill（定坤丹）combined with electrical stimulation therapy on endometrialmorphology and ovulatory function in infertility women with thin endometrium.
One hundred and six infertility women with thin endometrium admitted to the hospital from October 2020 to October 2022 were collected and randomly grouped，each with 53 cases. The control group was treated with electrical stimulation therapy. Based on this，the study group added Dingkun Pill. Then the clinical outcome，endometrial morphology（type A，B，C），endometrial thickness，follicular development，pulsatility index（PI），resistance index（RI），luteinizing hormone（LH），oestradiol（E2），follicle-stimulating hormone（FSH），clinical pregnancy rate，human chorionic gonadotropin（HCG）positive rate，live birth rate and early miscarriage rate were compared between groups.
The overall efficacy rate was 92.45% in the study group，which was higher than 77.36% in the control group（P<0.05）. An increase in percentage of endometrial morphology type A，and a decrease in percentage of type B and Cwere observed in all patients，and the improvements were more notable in the study group than those in the control group（P<0.05）. The endometrial thickness and diameter of dominant follicles showed an increase in all patients，and the increase was more remarkable in the study group than that in the control group（P<0.05）. The values of PIand RIdecreased in all patients after treatment，and the two indiceswere lower in the study group than those in the control group（P<0.05）. An increase in E2，and a decrease in LH and FSH were detected in all patients after treatment，and both changes were more significant in the study group than those in the control group（P<0.05）. The study group reported a higher clinical pregnancy rate and HCG positive rate than the controlgroup（P<0.05），and no statistical difference was found in earlymiscarriage rate and live birth rate between two groups（P>0.05）.
The application of Dingkun Pill combined with electrical stimulation therapy in infertility women with thin endometrium can effectively improve endometrial morphology and ovulatory function，and thus increasing the pregnancy rate.
To study the influence of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction（黄连解毒汤）on cognitive function and expressions of serum human amyloid β-protein 1-42（Aβ1-42）and bradykinin（BK）in patients with Alzheimer’s disease（AD）.
A total of 120 patients with AD were selected and divided into western medicine group and Huanglian Jiedu Decoction group by adopting the random number table method，60 cases in each group. The western medicine group was treated with donepezil combined with memantine，while the Huanglian Jiedu Decoction group added Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on the basis of the western medicine group. The clinical efficacy，TCM symptoms scores，inflammatory factors［interleukin-1β（IL-1β），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）and interleukin-6（IL-6）］，serum proteins［Aβ1-42，BK and microtubule-associated protein（Tau）］and cognitive function［Chinese version of Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale（ADAS-Cog）and Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale（MoCA）］before and after treatmentwere compared between groups，and the adverse drug reactions were evaluated.
The total effective rate in the Huanglian Jiedu Decoction group was 91.67% at3 months of treatment，which was higher than 78.33% in the western medicine group（P<0.05）. After treatment，the scores of TCM primary symptoms and the levels of inflammatory factors（IL-1β，TNF-αand IL-6）and serum proteins（Aβ1-42，BK and Tau）in Huanglian Jiedu Decoction group and western medicine group were decreased，and the scores and levels in Huanglian Jiedu Decoction group were lower than those in the western medicine group（P<0.05）. The ADAS-Cog score in the Huanglian Jiedu Decoction group and western medicine group after treatment were reduced while the MoCA score was increased，and the changes in Huanglian Jiedu Decoction group were higher than those in the western medicine group（P<0.05）. During treatment，there was no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between Huanglian Jiedu Decoction group and western medicine group（8.33% vs6.67%）（P>0.05）.
Huanglian Jiedu Decoction has an exact efficacy in the treatment of AD，and it can effectively alleviate the neuroinflammation，regulate the expressions of serum Aβ1-42 and BK，and improve the cognitive function，and it has good safety.
Dilated cardiomyopathy（DCM）is a heterogeneous cardiomyopathy characterized by ventricular enlargement and reduced myocardial contractile function，which easily leads to heart failure，arrhythmiaand even sudden cardiac death. The number of adults aged more than 35 years old with this disease in China is approximately 1.77 million，and the case-fatality rate is high. This guideline was formulated in accordance with the guideline development specifications of the Chinese Association of Chinese Medicine，integrating evidence-based evidence for the treatment of this disease with integrated traditional Chinese and Westernmedicine，and preliminarily formulating recommended prescriptions. Aftermultiple rounds of voting by the expert nominal group meeting，the recommendation，recommendation direction and intensity were finally determined. In terms of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）disease names，this disease is uniform ly referredas“heart distension disease”. The pathogenesis is deficiency of the rootand excess of the tip. The rootdeficiency ismainly Qideficiency，and the tip excess ismainly blood stasis，accompanied by water retention. TCM syndrome differentiation includes threemain syndrome types：Qi deficiency and blood stasissyndrome，Qi and Yin deficiencysyndrome，Yang deficiency with water retention syndrome，which can be accompanied by blood stasis syndromeand water retention syndrome. The treatmentgoals are mainly to control symptoms and improve prognosis. For the treatment plan，the western medicine treatment planmainly refers to the current DCM-related guidelines. TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment recommends the corresponding TCM decoctions，proprietary Chinese medicines and TCM intravenous preparations according to different syndrome types. In addition，for those with hypotension，increasing the dosage of Qi-tonifying and sink-raising drugs is recommended.
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