ArchiveThe study aims to construct a knowledge graph for traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）gynecology based on large language models. The goal is to systematically organize and present the complex knowledge system of this field，revealing the intrinsic connections and evolution patterns among diseases，thereby enhancing the precision of clinical decision-making. The study selected 349 TCM gynecology papers from China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）. ChatGLM was used with multi-round prompt templates to achieve zero-shot entity relationship extraction. Evaluation metrics were designed to objectively assess the extraction results. Efficient processing was achieved through API interfaces interacting with the model. The Neo4j graph database was used to construct and visualize the knowledge graph. The study shows that ChatGLM performs better in knowledge extraction compared to traditional Bi-LSTM-CRF models，significantly improving precision，recall and F1 scores. The constructed knowledge graph effectively supports the clinical decision-making in TCM gynecology，enhancing the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy and demonstrating the practical value.
This study aims to investigate the interrelationships and disease patterns among thyroid nodules（TN），hyperplasia of mammary glands（HMG）and uterine leiomyomas（UL），providing a scientific basis for clinical diagnostic and therapeutic strategies，as well as rational drug use.
A retrospective analysis was conducted on the electronic health records of female examinees who underwent thyroid，breast and uterine ultrasonography at the Health Examination Center of The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from October 19，2011 to December 19，2018. Based on the detection results，the cases with any single disease，co-occurrence of any two diseases and concurrent three diseases were included in the case group，while the individuals without any detected diseases were included in the control group. Using SPSS Statistics 22.0 software，the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test and descriptive statistical methods were applied to analyze the correlation and disease patterns among the three diseases.
A total of 5252 cases met the study criteria，with 2902 in the case group. The correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations between the co-occurrence of any two diseases. Notably，the correlation between TN and HMG was strongest in the 45-59 age group（r=0.106，P<0.001），between TN and UL in the 18-44 age group（r=0.122，P<0.001），and between HMG and UL in the 45-59 age group（r=0.157，P<0.001）. Descriptive statistical analysis indicated that the concurrence of all three diseases or any two diseases predominantly occurred in the 45-59 age range. The predominant traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）constitutions among patients were phlegm-dampness and Yang deficiency. Blood pressure，lipid and glucose levels were mostly normal but showed significant differences compared to those of the control group（P<0.001）. Laboratory tests revealed that routine blood，liver and kidney function indices were within the normal ranges，yet significantly different from those of the control group（P<0.001）.
This real-world data-based research demonstrates significant positive correlations among TN，HMG and UL，with notable differences in age distribution，TCM constitutions，blood pressure，glucose，lipids and laboratory indices compared to those of the normal group，providing crucial evidence for early detection，prevention and treatment of these diseases.
The development of classical meridian theory can be divided into two stages. The early meridian theory of the Western Han Dynasty was based on the anatomical structures and the empirical evidence，with the features of“Yin meridians as arteries and Yang meridians like nerves”. It has a high degree of consistency with modern biomedicine as shown in the 25 pieces of supporting evidence. The meridian theory represented by the handed-down Neijing inherits the early anatomical basic framework and most of the empirical content. While introducing the ancient Confucianism，the holistic views and the virtual concepts，it expands the clinical scope and develops into a practical meridian theory with obvious humanistic medical characteristics. Its main feature is the establishment of the“circulation model of 12 meridians connecting the Zang-Fu organs and the exterior and the interior”，which takes into account the physical and virtual structures and functions as well as the clinical applications. The vitality of the classical meridian theory is rooted in the ancient doctors＇profound insight into the human body structures and the value of clinical application. Reexamining its anatomical basis and scientific connotation will promote the deep integration of traditional medicine and modern medicine and give birth to modern meridian theory.
At the advent of the era of digital intelligence represented by emerging technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence，the digital transformation of all walks of life represented by“artificial intelligence+”has become the general trend. Artificial intelligence enabling traditional Chinese medicine provides a new opportunity for traditional Chinese medicine to upgrade from“fuzzy”diagnosis and treatment mode to“accurate”diagnosis and treatment mode. Focusing on this cross-field，this paper elaborated the application status of artificial intelligence technology in mass data processing，auxiliary diagnosis and disease prediction from the perspective of TCM diagnosis differentiation. At the same time，artificial intelligence technology still faces many challenges in the practical application of traditional Chinese medicine，such as data quality problems caused by the complexity and irregularity of traditional Chinese medicine data，the limited interpretability of artificial intelligence algorithms in traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis，and the difficulties in the integration of traditional Chinese medicine theory and artificial intelligence. This paper discussed these status quo and challenges in depth，which was of great significance for promoting the further development and application of artificial intelligence in digital diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine.
With the rise and rapid development of artificial intelligence，deep learning，as an important part of the field of artificial intelligence，has achieved significant results in various fields such as materials science，biomedicine，literature，and art，demonstrating high versatility and value. As an emerging deep learning method，Graph Neural Network（GNN）overcomes the limitation of traditional deep learning that can only be applied to Euclidean data frameworks，demonstrating its powerful ability to handle non-Euclidean complex data especially graph data，and demonstrating its enormous potential. Currently，GNN has been widely applied in the medical field and has been preliminarily applied in clinical and basic researches of traditional Chinese medicine. They have achieved certain results in traditional Chinese medicine prescription recommendation，symptom diagnosis and target prediction of traditional Chinese medicine. By reviewing the current application status of GNN in the field of traditional Chinese medicine and combining the characteristics of current GNN technology，it looks forward to the future development of this technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. It is believed that GNN has broad application prospects in clinical diagnosis，prescription treatment，traditional Chinese medicine research and utilization of classics. It is to provide ideas and inspiration for future research on Traditional Chinese Medicine based on graph neural networks so that traditional Chinese medicine can keep pace with the times，enhance intelligence and objectivity，and better serve the people's medical and health care and health cause of the motherland.
To improve and perfect the quality standards of rice water to ensure the stable quality of rice water processed traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces.
The clarification and pH value of rice water were determined. Using L-lysine as the control substance，thin layer chromatography（TLC）was used to qualitatively identify the rice water. The total amino acid content and enzyme activity were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy（UV）method.
The turbidity values of the 10 batches of samples ranged from 2. 280-3. 412. The pH values of the 10 batches ranged from 6. 14-6. 58. The TLC spots were clear and repeatable. The linear range of the total amino acid was 5.31-53. 1μg（r=0.999 0），and the recoveries were 97.54%-100.1%（RSD=0.9%）. The total amino acid content was 1.19-1.47 mg·mL-1，and the enzyme activity was 5.42-6.37 U·L-1.
The quality control method of rice water was improved. The method is accurate，stable and reproducible，and can be used for the quality control of rice water.
To investigate the effects of Yiwei Decoction（益胃汤）and Maimendong Decoction（麦门冬汤）on the clinical prognosis and intestinal flora of patients with stomach stuffiness of spleen-stomach weakness type.
A total of 116 patients with stomach stuffiness of spleen-stomach weakness type were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group，58 cases in each group. The control group was given quadruple therapy，and the observation group was treated with Yiwei Decoction and Maimendong Decoction on the basis of the control group for 4 weeks. Before and after the treatment，the two groups were compared in terms of clinical efficacy，traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores，serum indexes，gastrointestinal hormones，Helicobacter pylori（Hp）conversion and intestinal flora.
After treatment，the total effective rate of the observation group was 94.83%（55/58），which was significantly better than that（79.31%，46/58）of the control group（P<0.05），and the Hp clearance rate of the observation group was 96.55%（56/58），while that the control group was 86.21%（50/58）. The traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores of the patients in both groups were significantly reduced（P<0.05），and the scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group（P<0.05）. The levels of interleukin-6（IL-6），tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1）and C-reactive protein（CRP）of two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment（P<0.05），and the levels of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group（P<0.05）. The levels of somatostatin（SS）and epidermal growth factor（EGF）were significantly higher in both groups（P<0.05），and the levels of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P<0.05）. the level of gastrin（GAS）was significantly lower in both groups，and the level of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group（P<0.05）. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased in both groups compared with those in the pre-treatment period（P<0.05），and Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P<0.05）. Staphylococcus and Enterococcus decreased in both groups compared with those in the pre-treatment period（P<0.05），and Staphylococcus and Enterococcus of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group（P<0.05）.
The clinical efficacy of Yiwei Decoction combined with Maimendong Decoction on patients with stomach stuffiness of spleen-stomach weakness type is remarkable，which can improve the clinical symptoms，reduce the inflammatory reaction and improve the intestinal flora of patients.
Simiao Pill（四妙丸），from Chengfang Biandu，has the effect of clearing heat and removing dampness，reducing swelling and relieving pain，and is widely used in the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia（HUA），with good safety. The most commonly used compatibility ratio of Huangbai（Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex）∶Changzhu（Atractylodis Rhizoma）∶Niuxi（Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix）∶Yiyiren（Coicis Semen）is 1∶1∶1∶2. The research has demonstrated that Simiao Formula can decrease the levels of C-reactive protein（CRP），erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR），receptor for advanced glycation end products（RAGE），cyclooxygenase-2（COX-2），tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α，interleukin（IL）-6 and IL-1β in acute gouty arthritis（AGA）. This is achieved through the inhibition of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3（NLRP3）/IL-1β，stromal cell-derived factor（SDF）-1/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4（CXCR4）signaling pathway，as well as romotion of macrophage M2 polarization，aiming to reduce inflammation and improve TCM syndrome scores. It can also decrease uric acid synthesis by inhibiting the activities of xanthine oxidase（XOD），guanine deaminase（GDA），xanthine dehydrogenase（XDH）and adenosine deaminase（ADA）. It up-regulates the expressions of organic anion transporter（OAT）1，OAT3 and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter G member 2（ABCG2），while down-regulating the expression of glucose transporter 9（GLUT9），uric acid transporter 1（URAT1）and PSD-95-discs large-zonula occludens 1 domain containing 1（PDZK1）. Additionally，it regulates intestinal flora to enhance renal and intestinal excretion of uric acid. This intervention can reduce the time for decreasing the serum uric acid（SUA）levels，alleviate renal inflammatory cell infiltration，as well as tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis and glomerular injury. While managing gout and hyperuricemia，Simiao Pill can potentially normalize abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism，enhance insulin resistance（IR）and decelerate the progression of atherosclerosis. Network pharmacology has revealed that the key components of Simiao Decoction in treating gout and HUA include berberine，epicberberine，stigmasterol and sitosterol；while the core compounds consist of quercetin，kaempferol，baicalein，baicalein and β-sitosterol. The mechanism of action may involve regulating signal transduction pathways associated with inflammation as well as glucose and lipid metabolism.
To explore the clinical efficacy of Hejie Qingre Xiaoji Decoction（和解清热消积汤）on children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infection of lung-spleen Qi deficiency and heat stagnation type.
Seventy-two children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infection of lung-spleen Qi deficiency and heat stagnation type who received treatment in department of pediatrics of the hospital were selected from January 2023 to December 2023，and were divided into observation group and control group by simple randomization method，with 36 cases in each group. The control group was treated with western medicine，whereas the observation group was given Hejie Qingfei Xiaoji Decoction on the basis of the control group. The improvement degrees of clinical symptoms and adverse reactions after 1 week of treatment and TCM syndromes scores，T lymphocyte subsets［cluster of differentiation 3+（CD3+），cluster of differentiation 4+（CD4+），cluster of differentiation 8+（CD8+），CD4+/CD8+］，immunoglobulins［immunoglobulin A（IgA），immunoglobulin M（IgM），immunoglobulin G（IgG）］and Th1/Th2 immune response indicators［interleukin-2（IL-2），interferon-gamma（IFN-γ），interleukin-4（IL-4），interleukin-10（IL-10）］before treatment and after 1 week of treatment were compared between groups.
After 1 week of treatment，the improvement times of clinical symptoms，TCM syndromes scores，the levels of CD8+，IL-4 and IL-10 in the two groups were significantly lower than those in control group（P<0.05）while the levels of T lymphocyte subsets（CD3+，CD4+，CD4+/CD8+），immunoglobulins and Th1/Th2 immune response indicators（IL-2，IFN-γ）were significantly higher than those in control group（P<0.05）. There were no obvious adverse reactions in both groups.
Hejie Qingfei Xiaoji Decoction can effectively regulate the body’s immune function of children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infection of lung-spleen Qi deficiency and heat stagnation type，enhance the body’s immunity，relieve the clinical symptoms and accelerate the disease recovery process，and it has good clinical efficacy.
To study the effect of the tonifying kidney，expelling phlegm，removing blood stasis and strengthening brain method on the mental state and living ability of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Eighty patients with Alzheimer's disease diagnosed and treated in the hospital from April 2023 to January 2024 were selected. The patients were divided into observation group and control group by single and double number method，with 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with donepezil hydrochloride，while the observation group was treated with the method of tonifying kidney，expelling phlegm，removing blood stasis and strengthening brain combined with donepezil hydrochloride. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. The symptoms（TCM syndrome scores），mental state［Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale（ADAS-Cog），Mini-Mental State Examination（MMSE），Montreal Cognitive Assessment（MoCA）］，living ability［Activity of Daily Living Scale（ADL）］，serum indicators［amyloid β-protein（Aβ），phosphorylated Tau protein（p-Tau）protein，corticotropin-releasing factor（CRF），adrenocorticotropin-releasing factor（CRF），adrenocorticotropic hormone（ACTH）and cortisol（CORT）］and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.
After treatment，the scores of TCM syndromes of incontinence，soreness and weakness of waist and knees，tinnitus and deafness，and frequent nocturia in the observation group were significantly decreased（P<0.05），and those indexes in the observation group were lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）. After treatment，the ADAS-Cog，MMSE，MoCA scores and ADL scores of the two groups were significantly improved（P<0.05），and the results of the observation group were better than those of the control group（P<0.05）. After treatment，the levels of serum Aβ，p-Tau protein，CRF，ACTH and CORT in the two groups were significantly improved（P<0.05），and those in the observation group were better than those in the control group（P<0.05）. No serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups.
The method of tonifying kidney，expelling phlegm，removing blood stasis and strengthening brain can significantly improve the symptoms，the intellectual status and living ability in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease，and can be used as a safe and effective preferred treatment plan.
Malignant tumors belong to the categories of“mass”“accumulation”and“cancerous tumor”in traditional Chinese medicine，and malignant tumors are classified as cancerous diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine Internal Medicine. The content of treating modern diseases similar to cancer in Zhouhou Beijifang mainly focuses on volume 4 Treating Acute Cardioabdominal Disease and Treating Cardioabdominal Cold Food and Drink Accumulation Mass Prescription，a total of 43 prescriptions are involved. Nowadays，malignant tumors pathogenesis are often recognized by traditional Chinese medicine from complex pathogenesis and are adopted to the compound method treatments taking into account many aspects to support the healthy Qi and dispel the evils. The prescriptions for the treatment of malignant tumors in Zhouhou Beijifang are simple，convenient and effective，and have remarkable characteristics，summarized as using more drugs with toxicity to counteract toxin，stopping the medication when it is effective；dispelling evils，paying attention to taking nourishing food to tonify，with both elimination and reinforcement methods；using various dosage forms，taking pills as the main choice，making good use of wine；taking internal and external treatment，not avoiding excrement medicine，with subtle use. The formulation is flexible and easy to use in first aid，which highlights the characteristics of“being simple，convenient，cheap and effective” of Zhouhou Beijifang，and has certain enlightenment and reference significance for the treatment of malignant tumors in later generations.
To study the effect of Danggui Dilong Guizhi Decoction（当归地龙桂枝汤）combined with acupuncture and moxibustion on cervical spondylosis pain and upper limb numbness.
A total of 128 patients with cervical spondylosis pain and upper limb numbness diagnosed and treated in the acupuncture department of the hospital from June 2021 to October 2023 were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into two groups. Sixty-four patients in the control group were treated with acupuncture and moxibustion，and the other 64 patients in the observation group were treated with Danggui Dilong Guizhi Decoction combined with acupuncture and moxibustion. The course of treatment was 4 weeks. The improvement of pain and upper limb numbness，cervical spine function，electromyography index，inflammatory factors and adverse reactions were observed and compared between the two groups.
After treatment，the scores of pain and upper limb numbness in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group［（0.87±0.14）points，（0.79±0.12）points vs（0.96±0.20）points，（0.88±0.17）points］（P<0.05）. The neck pain and related symptoms，activities of daily living and total scores of Neck Disability Index（NDI）in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group［（6.08±1.84）points，（9.74±1.69）points，（15.62±1.73）points vs（8.90±2.01）points，（10.83±2.30）points，（18.32±2.26）points］（P<0.05），The motor nerve conduction velocity（MCV）and sensory nerve conduction velocity（SCV）in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group［（49.22±4.30）m/s，（43.36±4.51）m/s vs（46.85±3.91）m/s，（39.40±5.48）m/s］（P<0.05），The levels of serum interleukin（IL）-8，IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group［（59.73±11.42）ng/L，（3.87±1.08）ng/L，（9.77±2.38）ng/L vs（65.71±12.13）ng/L，（5.27±1.20）ng/L，（11.21±2.61）ng/L］（P<0.05）. No serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups.
Danggui Dilong Guizhi Decoction combined with acupuncture has a significant effect on the treatment of cervical spondylosis pain and upper limb numbness，it can improve the symptoms of pain and upper limb numbness，enhance the cervical spine function，improve the muscle strength and reduce the inflammatory response，it is safe and worthy of application.
To analyze a short-to-medium term prospective study based on carotid ultrasound and transcranial Doppler ultrasound evaluating the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of carotid artery stenosis.
Ninety patients with a diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis and meeting the surgical criteria for carotid endarterectomy（CEA）admitted to the hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected for the study. They were divided into two groups according to the randomized numerical table method. Forty-five cases of the control group were treated with carotid endarterectomy，and forty-five cases of the observation group were treated with acupuncture in combination with carotid endarterectomy. The two groups' treatment effects，TCM symptom scores of two groups were compared and carotid ultrasound and transcranial Doppler color ultrasound were used to observe the changes in cerebral hemodynamic indexes before and after surgery，and the incidence of stroke or restenosis in six months of postoperative follow-up was compared.
The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 95.56%（43/45），which was much higher than that（75.56%，34/45）in the control group，and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant（P<0.05）. The TCM symptom scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group at 8，12 and 24 weeks postoperatively，and the values of peak systolic velocity（PSV）and end diastolic velocity（EDV）were lower than those of the control group at 8，12 and 24 weeks postoperatively，and the values of MCA-PSV and MCA-PI were higher than those of the control group（P<0.05）. At 6 months of follow-up，there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of stroke or restenosis between the two groups（P>0.05）.
- Carotid endarterectomy combined with acupuncture in the treatment of carotid artery stenosis has a clear short-to-medium term effect，which can effectively improve the patients' symptoms，reduce the thickness of the carotid intima-media and carotid plaque formation，promote the improvement of the cerebral hemodynamic indexes，and reduce the incidence of postoperative adverse events such as restenosis，which has a positive effect on the improvement of the prognosis.
To investigate the effect of Qiangxin Decoction（强心汤）combined with Yixin Huazhuo Decoction（益心化浊方）on clinical prognosis and cardiac function of chronic heart failure with Qi deficiency and blood stasis.
A total of 104 patients with chronic heart failure with Qi deficiency and blood stasis admitted to the hospital from March 2021 to January 2023 were selected as research objects. The patients were given random envelopes upon admission and divided into study group and control group with 52 cases in each group according to odd-even simple random method. The control group received conventional Western medicine treatment. Qiangxin Decoction and Yixin Huazhuo Decoction were used for 1 course of treatment（4 weeks），and both groups were treated for 2 courses of treatment. The clinical efficacy，TCM symptom scores before and after treatment，cardiac function indexes［N terminal brain natriuretic peptide（NT-pro BNP），left ventricular end-diastolic diameter（LVEDD），left ventricular end-systolic diameter（LVESD），left ventricular ejection fraction（LVEF）］，vascular endothelial cell function［endothelin-1（ET-1），nitric oxide（NO）］and adverse reactions in the two groups were compared.
The total effective rate of the study group was 80.77%（42/52），which was significantly higher than that of the control group（61.54%，32/52），with statistical significance（P<0.05）. After treatment，the scores of shortness of breath，palpitation，chest tightness，chest pain and lower limb edema were significantly lower in both groups than those before treatment（P<0.05），and those in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）. After treatment，the levels of LVEDD，LVESD and NT-proBNP in both groups were lower than those before treatment，and the levels of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group（P<0.05）. The levels of LVEF in both groups were higher than those before treatment，and the level of LVEF of the study group was higher than that of the control group（P<0.05）. After treatment，the levels of NO in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment，the levels of ET-1 were significantly lower than those before treatment，and the change in the study group was more obvious than that in the control group（P<0.05），and there was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment（P>0.05）.
Qiangxin Decoction combined with Yixin Huazhuo Decoction can significantly improve the therapeutic effect and cardiac function of patients with chronic heart failure with Qi deficiency and blood stasis and has a high safety，suitable for popularization and application.
To investigate the clinical efficacy of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction（补中益气汤，BZYQT）combined with thrombopoietin receptor agonists（TPO-RA）in treating thrombocytopenia caused by tumor therapy.
A total of 160 patients with thrombocytopenia due to tumor therapy were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group，each consisting of 80 cases. The control group was only given TPO-RA treatment，while the experimental group received BZYQT in combination with TPO-RA. After 8 weeks，the two groups were compared in terms of platelet count，bleeding risk level，Karnofsky performance status（KPS）score，changes in serum thrombopoietin（TPO）content and adverse reactions.
After treatment，both groups showed significant recovery in platelet parameters，bleeding risk，KPS score and serum TPO content. Compared with that of the control group，the overall effectiveness rate of the treatment group reached 95.00%（76/80）. Additionally，the values of platelet count（PLT）and plateletcrit（PCT）of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group（P<0.001），while the values of platelet distribution width（PDW）and mean platelet volume（MPV）were lower（P<0.001）. The improvement in bleeding risk and KPS score was more pronounced in the experimental group than that in the control group（P<0.001）. The serum TPO content in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group（P<0.001），and the number of adverse reaction events decreased.
The combination of BZYQT and TPO-RA in treating thrombocytopenia caused by tumor therapy yields more significant effects and can reduce the adverse reactions caused by TPO-RA to a certain extent.
To explore the attenuation and synergism mechanism of vinegar-processed Chuanlianzi（Toosendan Frutus）on the basis of spectrum effect relationship and spectrum toxicity relationship，and to provide reference for its further development and utilization.
UPLC dual-wavelength method was used to establish the fingerprint of raw and vinegar-processed products of Chuanlianzi（Toosendan Frutus）. Combined with principal component analysis and partial least square analysis，the composition changes of Chuanlianzi（Toosendan Frutus）before and after processing with vinegar were evaluated. Ear swelling induced by xylene was used as an inflammatory model，and the anti-inflammatory activity of vinegar-processed Chuanlianzi（Toosendan Frutus）before and after treatment was investigated by the inhibition rate of inflammation. The contents of total bile acid（TBA），aspartate transaminase（AST），alanine aminotransferase（ALT）and alkaline phosphatase（ALP）in serum were used as indexes to investigate the hepatotoxicity of vinegar-processed Chuanlianzi（Toosendan Frutus）. The grey correlation degree method was used to investigate and analyze the correlation between fingerprints and anti-inflammatory effect and liver toxicity before and after processed with vinegar.
The fingerprint analysis showed that there were 16 common peaks at 210 nm and 13 common peaks at 254 nm between the raw and vinegar-processed products. The principal component analysis（PCA）was used to distinguish the raw and vinegar-processed Chuanlianzi（Toosendan Frutus），and the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）was used to select 13 different components before and after vinegar-processing. Based on the results of spectrum activity relationship，it was concluded that toosendanin，ferulic acid，rutin and isoquercitrin were the chemical components with high correlation with anti-inflammatory effect，and toosendanin was also the chemical components with the highest correlation with hepatotoxicity.
The application of vinegar-processed Chuanlianzi（Toosendan Frutus）can effectively reduce hepatotoxicity and enhance anti-inflammatory activity. The effect of toosendanin，ferulic acid，rutin and isoquercetin may be related to the changes in the composition of toosendanin，ferulic acid，rutin and isoquercetin.
To investigate the synergistic effect of salted processing on the efficacy of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）in cooling blood and stopping bleeding.
On the basis of the preparation of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）processed with salt，the reference method was used to replicate the mouse model of bleeding due to blood heat syndrome with 15 g·kg-1 of Zingiberis Rhizoma Decoction combined with 5% ethanol，and the synergistic effect of salted processing on the efficacy of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）in cooling blood and stopping bleeding was comprehensively evaluated by the general signs of mice，anal temperature，water intake，bleeding time and thrombin time（TT），prothrombin time（PT），activated partial thromboplastin time（APTT）and fibrinogen（FIB）. The indicators such as the proportion of hot zone residence that can reflect temperature trend were detected and analyzed. Through principal component analysis of cooling blood and stopping bleeding effect and grey correlation analysis of the main quality control components，including the content of catalpol and digoxin D，as well as the temperature trend index reflecting the cold and heat medicinal properties，the synergistic effect of salt processing on the cooling blood and stopping bleeding effect was comprehensively evaluated.
The model caused a significant decrease in the proportion of mice staying in the hot zone，an increase in water intake，as well as a significant prolongation or increase in anal temperature，bleeding time，PT，APTT，TT，FIB，Na+-K+-ATP and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Low and high doses（3 and 6 g·kg-1）of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）and its processed with salt products improved the abnormal indicators caused by the above model and the improvement effect of high dose was better than that of low dose（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The improvement effect of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）processed with salt on the above indicators was better than that of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）under the same dose（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The grey correlation coefficients of the main quality control components，catalpol and Rehmannioside D，for the components of cooling blood and stopping bleeding efficacy（PCA）- grey correlation（GCA）analyses were 0.818 and 0.676，as well as for the indices of cold and heat properties of the drug were 0.801 and 0.572，respectively.
Salted processing has the synergistic effect on cooling blood and stopping bleeding effect of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix），and to a certain extent，the synergistic effect may be related to the enhancement of the cold and heat properties，the contents of catalpol and Rehmannioside D of Dihuang（Rehmanniae Radix）by salted processing，with Rehmannioside D content contributing the most.
Neurodegenerative diseases，including Alzheimer's disease，Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease，are major global causes of disability and death worldwide. Protecting mitochondrial function has become a critical therapeutic strategy in managing central nervous system（CNS）disorders. Acupuncture has shown the potential to modulate the biochemical homeostasis in the CNS and maintain the neural stability. This review focuses on the regulatory effects of acupuncture on mitochondrial morphology and function in CNS diseases. Studies have found that acupuncture can improve the ultrastructure of the affected brain regions and regulate the mitochondrial dynamics and plays the key roles in both the synthesis and breakdown of mitochondrial energy. It also mitigates the oxidative stress which is a precursor to many pathogenic mechanisms and modulates the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and autophagy through multiple pathways and perspectives. Overall，the regulatory effects of acupuncture on mitochondria are multi-targeted and multi-faceted，offering bidirectional modulation capabilities for neurodegenerative diseases.
To analyze the effects of Shenfu Injection（参附注射液）on tissue perfusion and blood oxygen metabolism in the treatment of septic shock with Yang Qi sudden collapse syndrome.
This study employed a retrospective case-control design to statistically analyze 92 cases of septic shock with Yang Qi sudden collapse syndrome treated in the Emergency Internal Medicine Observation Room and the Emergency Intensive Care Unit（EICU）of the Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from February 2023 to February 2024. The patients meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into a control group（46 cases treated with standard septic shock therapy）and the observation group（46 cases received standard septic shock therapy in conjunction with Shenfu Injection）. Hemodynamic indexes，lactic acid level and clearance，urine volume，acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ（APACHEⅡ）and sequential organ failure assessment（SOFA）score were compared between the two groups.
After treatment，the values of mean arterial pressure（MAP），central venous pressure（CVP），central venous oxygen saturation（ScVO2），lactic acid clearance and urine volume of the observation group were higher than those of the control group，and lactic acid level was lower than control group（P<0.05）. The mechanical ventilation time，vasoactive drug use time and early goal-directed therapy（EGDT）compliance time in the observation group were lower than those in the control group，and the differences were significant（P<0.05）. After treatment，the levels of procalcitonin（PCT），C-reactive protein（CRP）and tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α）in the observation group were lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）. After treatment，APACHEⅡ scores and SOFA scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）.
Shenfu Injection can effectively improve tissue perfusion level and blood oxygen metabolism，increase the lactate clearance rate，enhance the tissue circulation oxygen supply and blood circulation，correct shock faster and improve the prognosis of patients with septic shock.
To analyze the promoting effect of Buzhong Yiqi Granules（补中益气颗粒）on postpartum repair of women with Qi deficiency syndrome，and analyze the influence on the expressions of transforming growth factorβ3（TGF-β3）and relaxin（RLX）.
A total of 112 pregnant women with Qi deficiency syndrome who gave birth in the hospital from April 2021 to September 2022 were selected and divided into control group and study group with 56 cases in each. In the control group，postpartum women received intravenous injection of oxytocin，while rehabilitation therapy equipment and acupoint massage were used to assist in recovery for 5 consecutive days. In the study group，Buzhong Yiqi Granules were added，3 g/time，2-3 times/day，continuous intervention for 5 days. The postpartum recovery of the two groups（postpartum time of uterine entry into the pelvis，disappearance time of lochia rubra，daily descending height of fundus），lactation function，breastfeeding rate，breast comfort，uterine degeneration，pelvic floor function，syndrome score，hormone level，TGF-β3，RLX and other indicators were compared.
Compared with those of the control group，the time of uterine entry into the pelvis，the time of lochia rubra dripping disappearance in the study group were shortened［（5.32±0.57）d vs（6.83±1.10）d，（4.64±1.23）d vs（7.44±2.04）d］，and the daily descending height of fundus was shortened was higher than that of the control group［（4.01±1.20）cm vs（2.33±0.95）cm］（t=9.121，8.796，8.214，P<0.05）. Lactation onset time in the study group was shorter than that in the control group［（16.52±7.83）h vs（22.57±4.48）h］，lactation volumes were higher than those in the control group［24 h postpartum：（46.59±4.76）mL vs（35.52±3.74）mL，72 h postpartum：（133.51±11.05）mL vs（116.48±10.49）mL］（t=5.019，13.680，8.369，P<0.05）. Breast comfort of the study group was better than that of the control group［breast tenderness free：44.64% vs 12.50%，breast hardnessⅠ：51.79% vs 19.64%］（Z=18.980，18.440，P<0.05）. After treatment，in the study group，the sum of three diameters of uterus，the resistance index and the pulsation index were lower than those of the control group［（237.42±11.55）mm vs（271.59±10.12）mm，1.86±0.15 vs 2.12±0.17，0.59±0.04 vs 0.77±0.08］（t=16.650，15.060，8.582，P<0.05）. After treatment，the peak systolic flow velocity in the study group was higher than that in the control group［（41.20±5.51）cm/s vs（34.51±3.09）cm/s］（t=7.925，P<0.05）. After treatment，in the study group，contraction pressure，contraction duration，class Ⅰ muscle fiber fatigue，Ⅱ muscle fiber fatiguedecreased than those in the control group［（97.58±12.26）cmH2O vs（69.82±8.46）cmH2O，（19.41±1.48）s vs（7.22±1.30）s，（5.51±0.94）% vs（6.85±1.00）%，（5.59±0.87）% vs（6.82±1.05）%］（t=13.950，46.310，7.306，6.750，P<0.05）. After treatment，the syndrome scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group［main syndrome：（5.24±1.49）points vs（7.82±1.63）points，secondary syndrome：（2.13±0.25）points vs（3.14±0.53）points］（t=8.743，12.900，P<0.05）. After treatment，the level of PRL in the study group was higher than those in the control group［（388.51±26.25）ng/mL vs（345.65±24.29）ng/mL］and the level of E2 was lower than that of the control group［（515.64±68.47）U/L vs（691.82±85.00）U/L］（t=8.968，2.739，12.080，P<0.05）. After treatment，the levels of TGF-β3 and RLX decreased than those of the control group［（27.46±4.52）mg/L vs（35.48±4.65）mg/L，（53.22±3.17）μg/L vs（61.42±5.45）μg/L］（t=9.255，9.733，P<0.05）.
Buzhong Yiqi Granules can promote uterine involution and inhibit TGF-β3 in women with Qideficiency syndrome. RLX secretion can improve lactation function and pelvic floormuscle strength，reduce muscle fiber fatigue，promote uterine involution and postpartum repair in a short time.
Hepatic fibrosis（HF）is a pathological state caused by the excessive deposition and degradation of extracellular matrix（ECM）due to the activation of hepatic stellate cells（HSC）stimulated by various chronic hepatitis. Cirrhosis is the final outcome of HF.“Yang transforming Qi while Yin constituting form”is a classic overview of the results of Yin and Yang movement in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM），which is closely related to the occurrence and development of HF. The imbalance of Yin-Yang movement and the loss of balance between Yin and Yang lead to insufficient Yang transformation and excessive Yin formation，which runs through the entire process of HF，mainly forming the core pathogenesis of HF including deficiency of healthy Qi and liver，being unable to resist evils and mutual accumulation of phlegm-dampness and blood stasis，constantly promoting the pathological progress of HF. Naringenin is a common flavonoid component that plays a variety of effect mechanisms in the treatment of HF，including anti-inflammatory effects，anti-oxidative stress，regulation of autophagy，inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activity and reduction of collagen deposition and lipid deposition. Based on the theory of“Yang transforming Qi while Yin constituting form”，this paper discussed the core pathogenesis of HF，and used the relevant knowledge of domestic and foreign literature to sort out the regulatory role of naringenin in the field of HF，in order to provide theoretical basis and reference for the treatment of HF with naringenin.
To explore the mechanism of Zhenwu Decoction（真武汤）in the management of dilated cardiomyopathy（DCM）by watching the effect of Zhenwu Decoction on autophagy of cardiomyocytes.
Thirty cTnTR141W transgenic DCM mice were randomly divided into a model group and a Zhenwu Decoction treatment group，with 15 mice in each group. Fifteen C57BL/6J wild-type mice were used as the blank control group. The Zhenwu Decoction group was given Zhenwu Decoction（18.2 g·kg-1·d-1）by intragastric administration twice a day. Both the blank control group and the model group were given the equal amounts of saline by gavage，and the course of treatment was 4 weeks. Myocardial hypertrophy was detected by FITC-WGA. The mRNA and protein expressions of ANP，p62 and LC3 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）and Western blot.
①Compared with those in the control group，the cardiomyocytes in the model group were enlarged and disordered，the space between nuclei and cells was enlarged and the size varied，the cell size was inconsistent，and the interstitial fibrosis was a little. The degree of myocardial hypertrophy and the morphology of myocardial cells were significantly improved in Zhenwu Decoction group.②Compared with those in the control group，the mRNA expressions of ANP，p62 and LC3B in the model group were highly significant（P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of ANP in Zhenwu Decoction group was significantly decreased（P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of p62 was significantly decreased（P<0.05），and the mRNA expression of LC3B was significantly increased（P<0.05）.③In comparison with those in the control group，the protein expressions of ANP，p62 and LC3Ⅱ/I were highly significantly increased in the model group（P<0.01），and the protein expressions of ANP and p62 were highly significantly decreased in the Zhenwu Decoction group（P<0.01），and the protein expression levels of LC3Ⅱ/I were significantly increased（P<0.01）.
Zhenwu Decoction can effectively improve the cardiac structure and function of transgenic mice with DCM. Zhenwu Decoction can relieve DCM by regulating autophagy.
To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture combined with Jiejing Decoction（解痉汤）in the treatment of upper limb muscle tension after stroke.
Eighty-four patients with increased upper limb muscle tension after stroke diagnosed and treated in the hospital from June 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the research objects. According to the random number table method，they were randomly divided into two groups，with 42 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Jiejing Decoction and the observation group was treated with acupuncture combined with Jiejing Decoction for 4 weeks. The total effective rate，muscle tension，upper limb motor function and daily living ability of the two groups were observed and compared. The curative effect was judged by the change of TCM symptom scores，the muscle tension was evaluated by modified Ashworth grading standard，the upper limb motor function was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer motor score（FMA），and the daily living ability was evaluated by Barthel index.
The total effective rate of the observation group was 97.62%（41/42），significantly higher than that（80.95%，34/42）of the control group，and the difference between two groups was statistically significant（P<0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in muscle tone grading between the two groups before treatment（P>0.05），but after treatment，the observation group was significantly better than the control group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the H/M ratio of the radial nerve，ulnar nerve or median nerve reflection wave between the two groups before treatment（P>0.05）. After treatment，the H/M ratio of the radial nerve，ulnar nerve and median nerve reflection wave in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. After treatment，the FMA score and Barthel index score of the two groups were significantly increased，and the scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P<0.05）. No serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups.
The clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with Jiejing Decoction in the treatment of upper limb muscle tension after stroke is satisfactory. It can significantly improve the upper limb muscle tension，and improve the upper limb motor function and daily living ability of the patients，and it has good safety.
Syndrome diagnosis standard is an integral part of TCM standardization research，integrating the knowledge and regulatory systems of TCM. The diagnostic criteria for the combination of disease and syndrome align with the developmental trends of modern medicine，reflecting the macroscopic and microscopic syndrome characteristics of the core pathogenesis of diseases at the level of informatics，and enhancing identification through the use of multivariate statistical methods at the methodological level. Based on the current state of these criteria，this paper explains that the system offers several benefits，such as aligning with the actual diagnosis and treatment practices of both traditional Chinese and Western medicine. It also emphasizes the attribute of ‘outer emptiness’ in syndromes and promotes research into micro-syndrome differentiation. Given the importance of these issues，this paper suggests several directions for future research on diagnostic criteria. These include embracing the dynamic concept of syndrome differentiation，exploring symptom grading strategies，engaging in multidisciplinary collaborative research，and focusing on the integration of program resources. The goal is to provide insights for the objective study of disease-syndrome combinations.
Gastric ulcer（GU）is a kind of peptic ulcer disease. The patients often show symptoms such as epigastric pain，belching，acid swallowing and fullness. In clinical practice，traditional Chinese medicine is used to treat GU，which has the advantages of good efficacy，few side effects and high safety. The location of GU is in the spleen and stomach of the middle energizer，and the deficiency cold of the spleen and stomach is one of the main pathogenesis of GU. The method should be to warm the spleen. Among them，the representative prescription Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction（黄芪建中汤）has the effects of warming Yang，tonifying deficiency and relieving acute pain. It is a classic prescription for the treatment of GU that has been tested in practice and has a clear curative effect. In this paper，by searching the relevant literature on the clinical application and experimental research of Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction in the treatment of GU，it is found that both clinical application and experimental research can prove that Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction has a good effect in the treatment of GU. In clinical application，it is found that Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction，or combined with western medicine，or combined with acupuncture can effectively improve the symptoms of patients，with high efficiency and few adverse reactions. The experimental study also proved that Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction may treat GU by regulating gastric mucosal epithelial cells，regulating inflammatory factors，improving oxidative stress and other ways. Therefore，this article discussed the treatment of GU with Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction from theory，clinical application and experimental research，aiming to further study the new progress of Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction in the treatment of GU，in order to provide new ideas and basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Some components of Zexie（Alismatis Rhizoma）are nephrotoxic and may cause kidney injury through intestinal flora. In the combination of Liuwei Dihuang Pills（六味地黄丸），the pharmacological effects of the other medicinal materials may reduce or offset the nephrotoxicity of Zexie（Alismatis Rhizoma），thereby exerting an overall kidney protective effect. Therefore，it is necessary to explore the mechanism of drug-induced kidney injury caused by Zexie（Alismatis Rhizoma）and the protective mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pills on kidney disease from the perspective of the “gut-kidney axis”.
In this study，the potential target of kidney injury induced by Zexie（Alismatis Rhizoma）was screened by network toxicology，and the potential target of Liuwei Dihuang Pills for protecting kidney injury was screened by network pharmacology. In addition，Mendelian randomization method was used to conduct the causal inference analysis between microbiota and kidney injury diseases. Relevant genes adjacent to significant single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs）were searched on NCBI and 3DSNP websites. Finally，protein-protein interaction（PPI）network was constructed with potential drug targets to explore the mechanism of reducing kidney injury caused by Zexie（Alismatis Rhizoma）combined with Liuwei Dihuang Pills.
After screening on the traditional Chinese medicine system toxicology database（TCMSTD）platform，15 toxic components were obtained，and the overlap target of toxic components of Zexie（Alismatis Rhizoma）with intestinal flora dysregulation syndrome and kidney injury was HSPA5. In addition，66 active components of Liuwei Dihuang Pills were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP），and 27 common targets were obtained with intestinal flora dysregulation syndrome and kidney injury. Through Mendelian randomization，the causal relationship of intestinal flora induced kidney injury was investigated. Marvinbryantia，Lachnospiraceae，Porphyromonadaceae and Coprococcus1（OR>1）were found to cause kidney injury. The gene HSPA5 located in the significant SNP of the flora in the PPI network had protein interaction with the target of kidney injury caused by Zexie（Alismatis Rhizoma），indicating that Zexie（Alismatis Rhizoma）may cause kidney injury by regulating such intestinal flora. The causal relationship between intestinal flora and kidney injury was investigated by Mendelian randomization. Among the intestinal flora that had protective effects on kidney injury，there were 15 types of flora that had protective effects on kidney injury（OR<1）. In the PPI network，the gene with significant bacterial SNPS had the highest TNF degree，which had protein interaction with the target of Liuwei Dihuang Pill protective effect on kidney injury.
From the perspective of the “gut-kidney axis”，Zexie（Alismatis Rhizoma）has the mechanism of drug-induced kidney injury through regulation of HSPA5，but Liuwei Dihuang Pills have a protective effect on kidney through regulation of TNF through combination，which illustrates the efficacy and safety mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Pills.
Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor characterized by esophageal mucosal epithelial dysplasia with high incidence and poor prognosis. Effective prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer is an important problem to be solved urgently in medical field. Qige Powder（启膈散），which comes from Yixue Xinwu，is a “switch agent to relieve choking diaphragm”，and is widely used in the treatment of esophageal cancer in various stages. Based on this，a total of 142 literatures from 2002 to 2023 were retrieved，136 of which were valid，using “Qige Powder，Qige Formula，promoting Qi and eliminating phlegm，esophageal cancer and network pharmacology” as the search terms. The systematic analysis was conducted from the aspects of etiology，pathogenesis，prescription connotation，clinical application and basic research evidence to deeply discuss the research status and feasibility of Qige Powder in the treatment of esophageal cancer，providing theoretical and evidence support for the application of Qige Powder in the treatment of esophageal cancer.
The processing of Longdan（Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma）has a long history. There have been processing methods such as net processing，cutting，stir-frying，ginger processing，wine processing and liquorice processing. The processing specifications and methods have been simplified with historical changes，and now ginger processing and licorice processing are no longer used. The chemical constituents of Longdan（Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma）mainly include iridoids，flavonoids，triterpenoids，alkaloids，volatile oils，polysaccharides and some trace elements. It has many biological activities such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic，anti-tumor，neuroprotection，liver protection，anti-oxidation，hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects. After the processing of Longdan（Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma），the structure of iridoid glycosides will undergo decarboxylation，oxidation，cyclization，evaporation and oxidation of volatile oil components，and the contents of some trace elements will change，thus changing its medicinal properties and enhancing its efficacy. After stir-frying，Longdan（Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma）can weaken the coldness，and wine-processed Longdan（Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma）can enhance the pharmacological activities such as liver protection. In this paper，the processing changes of ancient and modern Longdan（Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma）and the effects of different processed products on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects were studied in order to provide the help for the standardization of traditional Chinese medicine Longdan（Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma）.
By validating the association between iron deficiency anemia（IDA）and various cardiovascular diseases，it can deepen and expand the understanding of the traditional Chinese medicine concept that insufficient blood leads to heart issues，which in turn causes pain.
Large-scale genome-wide association study（GWAS）data on unstable angina（UA），stable angina（SA），heart failure（HF），ischemic heart disease（IHD），atrial fibrillation（AF）and myocardial infarction（MI）were obtained from the Open gwas website. The strongly correlated single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNP）in GWAS were selected as instrumental variables（P<5e-06），and the threshold of F statistics was set to 10. A total of five statistical methods were used to analyze the results，with the inverse variance weighted（IVW）method as the main analysis method. And the reliability of the results for heterogeneity，pleiotropy and sensitivity was assessed.
IDA had a promoting effect on the incidence of UA，SA，HF and IHD（UA：OR，1.25，95% CI［1.10，1.40］，P=0.000 3；SA：OR，1.14，95% CI［1.04，1.26］，P=0.006；HF：OR，1.13，95% CI［1.02，1.25］，P=0.018 7；IHD：OR，1.13，95% CI［1.02，1.25］，P=0.023 8）. IDA was not found to have a significant promoting effect on AF or MI（P>0.05）. The results passed the tests of heterogeneity，pleiotropy and sensitivity.
IDA can increase the risk of UA，SA，HF and IHD. There is no evidence to support that IDA can increase the risk of MI and AF.
To explore the structure of intestinal flora，intestinal microbial metabolism pathways and the characteristics of fecal short-chain fatty acids in patients with Yang deficiency constipation，so as to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of Yang deficiency constipation.
Twenty patients with constipation due to Yang deficiency and 20 healthy volunteers were selected as the research objects. The 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the structure of intestinal flora，gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids，and the correlation between significantly different flora and short-chain fatty acids was analyzed. Finally，the macrogene sequencing technology was used to analyze the differential metabolic pathways of intestinal microorganisms.
Compared with those of the healthy controls，the α diversity index of intestinal flora in the patients with constipation due to Yang deficiency was significantly increased and the β diversity was significantly changed. At the phylum level，the abundances of Fusobacteriota，Verrucomicrobiota and Bacteroidota increased significantly（P<0.05），while the abundances of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes decreased significantly（P<0.05）. At the genus level，the abundances of Parabacteroides，Ruminococcus and Collintella were significantly increased（P<0.05），while the abundances of Dialister，Fusicatenibacter，Roseburia，Bifidobacterium，Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium were significantly decreased（P<0.05）. The levels of fecal acetic acid，propionic acid and caproic acid were significantly decreased（P<0.001），but the levels of butyric acid，isobutyric acid，valeric acid and isovaleric acid were significantly increased（P<0.001），and the correlation analysis results showed that there was a correlation between short-chain fatty acids and different flora. Functional analysis showed that the abundance of genes related to amino acid metabolism，carbohydrate metabolism，metabolism of cofactors and vitamins decreased significantly（P<0.05），while the abundances of genes related to translation and neurodegenerative disease increased significantly（P<0.05）.
The structure of intestinal flora，microbial metabolism pathways and fecal short-chain fatty acids in patients with Yang deficiency constipation changed significantly，which may be the important reasons for constipation.
Ischemic stroke is characterized by high disability rate，high mortality rate and high recurrence rate，and is the main cause of national death in China. At present，thrombolytic and surgical treatments are the main treatment pathways for ischemic stroke，but due to the limitations of various reasons，the expected therapeutic effects are often not achieved. The treatment of ischemic stroke through the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has become a broad social consensus. The tonifying Qi and activating blood therapy，represented by Buyang Huanwutang，has demonstrated remarkable therapeutic effects in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Huanggqi（Astragali Radix），as a representative traditional Chinese medicine of the formula of tonifying Qi and activating blood，has the effects of tonifying Qi and “expelling evil blood”，and it is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Previous studies have confirmed that Huanggqi（Astragali Radix）can inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress，improve mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular endothelial dysfunction，and thus plays a therapeutic role in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However，there is a lack of evidence-based and fundamental systematic discussion on the studies related to the treatment of ischemic stroke with Huanggqi（Astragali Radix）. The aim of this paper is to provide a pharmacological basis for the wider application of Huanggqi（Astragali Radix）in the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases by systematically discussing the pharmacological effects of Huanggqi（Astragali Radix）in the prevention and treatment of Ischemic Stroke.
In order to explore the correlation between the traits，physical and chemical characteristics，phase composition and element content of Longgu（Os Draconis），a multi-dimensional scientific evaluation system of Longgu（Os Draconis）quality based on the theory of“differentiation of symptoms and quality”was established.
By consulting the records of the quality evaluation characteristics of Longgu（Os Draconis）in the past dynasties and modern literature，the key points of quality evaluation were sorted out and summarized. In addition，36 batches of Longgu（Os Draconis）samples were collected，and the preliminary identification was carried out by the character identification method. The phase composition was analyzed by XRD technology，and the physical and chemical indexes related to the character identification were detected，including moisture absorption rate，color difference and fluorescence. At the same time，ICP-OES technology was used to detect the contents of elements，and the correlation between the characteristics of Longgu（Os Draconis）traits and internal quality was studied by statistical analysis and metrology. The prediction model of“trait index-component content”was established.
The texture，appearance characteristics，color，hygroscopicity and fluorescence of Longgu（Os Draconis）could be used as the indicators for the authenticity identification and quality of Longgu（Os Draconis）. The contents of Ca and P in Longgu（Os Draconis）were higher，followed by the contents of Mg，Fe and Al. Phase analysis showed that Longgu（Os Draconis）mainly contained fluorapatite and calcite. The color difference brightness was positively correlated with Ca and P，and the hygroscopicity was positively correlated with P and Sr. The ratio of Ca and P in the genuine product was greater than 2∶1，and the content of fluorapatite was more than 30.0%，with Ca≥30.00%，P≥7.00%，L value≥35.00 and moisture absorption rate≥1.00%.
The prediction model of“trait index-component content”established in this study was tested to be close to the actual value，and the model prediction effect was excellent. Based on the traditional theory of“differentiation of symptoms and nature”，the quality of Longgu（Os Draconis）can be accurately predicted，which provides a scientific basis for the improvement of the quality standard of Longgu（Os Draconis）.
Baijiangcao（Herba patriniae）is a traditional Chinese medicine in China，with a history of thousands of years，a variety of chemical components and a wide range of pharmacological effects，including phenylpropanoids，coumarins，flavonoids，terpenoids，steroids，alkaloids and organic acids. Modern studies have shown that it has pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory，antibacterial，antiviral，antioxidant and anti-tumor effects. Based on the concept of quality marker（Q-Marker），this paper summarized and analyzed the Q-Marker from plant genelogy and chemical composition specificity，traditional efficacy and medicinal properties，new efficacy，different origins，compound compatibility，chemical composition measurability and chemical composition traceability，in order to provide a basis for the establishment of a comprehensive and scientific quality control system of Q-Marker.
To investigate the effect of Huangqin Decoction（黄芩汤，HQD）on ferroptosis in ulcerative colitis based on kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1（Keap1）/nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2（Nrf2）pathway.
The mice in the in vivo experiment were divided into normal group，model group，traditional Chinese medicine group（HQD group）and mesalazine group. The ulcerative colitis mice were induced by dextran sulfate sodium. HE staining was used to observe the histo-pathology of colon. The contents of Fe in tissues were detected. The mRNA expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4（GPX4），prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2（PTGS2），Nrf2，Keap1 and heme oxygenase-1（HO-1）were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction（q-PCR）. The cells in the vitro experiments were divided into normal group，model group，HQD group and inhibitor group（ML385），and the cell ferroptosis model was constructed with Erastin. The cell growth was detected by CCK-8. The contents of Fe and lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）were detected. The mRNA expression levels of GPX4，PTGS2，Nrf2，Keap1 and HO-1 were detected by q-PCR. The protein expression levels of GPX4，PTGS2，Nrf2，Keap1 and HO-1 were detected by Western Blot.
In the in vivo experiments，compared with the model group，the HQD group and the mesalazine group obtained better results in ameliorating colon injury. In comparison to the model group，the Fe content was significantly decreased in the HQD group and the mesalazine group. In comparison to model group，the mRNA expression levels of PTGS2，HO-1，Nrf2 and Keap1 were decreased，the mRNA expression level of GPX4 was increased in both the HQD group and the mesalazine group. Compared with that of the model group，the cell vitality of the HQD group and the ML385 group were significantly increased. In comparison to the model group，the contents of Fe and LDH in the HQD group and the ML385 group were observably decreased. In comparison to that in the model group，the mRNA expression levels of PTGS2，HO-1，Nrf2 and Keap1 in the HQD group and the ML385 group were significantly decreased，while the level of GPX4 was increased visibly. In comparison to those in the model group，the protein expressions of PTGS2，Nrf2，Keap1 and HO-1 in the HQD group and the ML385 group were decreased，while the level of GPX4 was increased.
The mechanism of HQD inhibiting ferroptosis in ulcerative colitis may be the regulation of Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.
Based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-orbitrap fusion lumos tribrid-mass spectrometry（UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid-MS），the migration components in serum of rats after intragastric administration of water extract from Nyuzhenzi（Ligustri Lucidi Fructus，LLF）and wine steamed Nyuzhenzi（Ligustri Lucidi Fructus）（WLLF）were compared and analyzed.
Male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group，LLF group（10.8 g·kg-1·d-1）and WLLF group（10.8 g·kg-1·d-1），with 6 rats in each group. The administration groups were given the water extract of LLF and WLLF，respectively，and the blank group was given the equal volume of purified water，once in the morning and once in the evening，for 5 consecutive days. One hour after the last administration，the blood was taken from the abdominal aorta to prepare the serum samples. AccucoreTM C18（100mm×2.1mm，2.6μm）chromatographic column was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid water（B），with the gradient elution（0-5 min，95% B→85% B；5-10 min，85% B→73% B；10-24 min，73% B→15% B）. The flow rate was 0.2 mL·min-1. The injection volume was 5 μL. The positive and negative ion mode scanning was used，with the scanning range of m/z 120-1200. Compound Discoverer 3.3 software was used to analyze and identify the prototype components and metabolites of LLF and WLLF into blood according to mass spectrometry data and related literature. The multivariate statistical analysis method was used to compare the different components between the medicated serum of LLF and WLLF.
A total of 64 blood components were identified in the serum of rats given the water extract of LLF，including 40 prototype components and 24 metabolites. A total of 57 blood components were identified in the serum of rats given the water extract of WLLF including 35 prototype components and 22 metabolites. The prototype components mainly included phenylethanoid glycosides，iridoids，triterpenoids，flavonoids，etc. The metabolic pathways mainly included hydroxylation，methylation，glucuronidation，etc. According to the variable importance in projection（VIP）value>1，student's t test results were not significant（P<0.05），12 differential blood components such as specnuezhenide and ligustrosidic acid were screened，including 7 prototype components and 5 metabolites.
The serum migration components of LLF changed significantly after wine steaming，which could provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the material basis of LLF and WLLF.
Chaihu（Bupleuri Radix），as a commonly used Chinese medicinal herb，has the effects of relieving fever，soothing liver and relieving depression，lifting Yangqi，clearing gallbladder and intercepting malaria. It mainly contains saponins，flavonoids，polysaccharides，coumarins and other components，which have many pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory，analgesic，antidepressant，anti-tumor，anti-fibrosis and hypolipidemic effects. In the process of sorting out the relevant ancient books and processing specifications，it is found that Chaihu（Bupleuri Radix）has formed many processed varieties in the long history of medicine. However，the modern research mostly focuses on the raw products and vinegar-processed varieties of Chaihu（Bupleuri Radix），and in recent years，the research focus is also mainly on gene expression and Chaihu（Bupleuri Radix）prescription. By analyzing the literature research carried out in recent years，this paper summarized the herbal research，chemical composition and pharmacological effects to provide a reference for further exploration of the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of Chaihu（Bupleuri Radix）and its processed products.
To explore the effect of Xiaofeng Powder（消风散），Ermiao Powder（二妙散）and Miconazole Nitrate on inflammatory factors and prognosis in patients with mycotic external otitis.
From August 2021 to August 2023，98 patients with mycotic external otitis were selected and divided into two groups with random number table method，49 cases in each. The control group was treated with Miconazole Nitrate，and the research group was treated with Xiaofeng Powder and Ermiao Powder combined with Miconazole Nitrate for 14 days. The clinical efficacy，incidence of adverse reactions，TCM syndrome scores and hearing level［bone conduction threshold（BC），air conduction threshold（AC），air conduction difference（ABG）］，the levels of inflammatory factors［interleukin-2（IL-2），transforming growth factor-beta1（TGF-β1），interleukin-8（IL-8）］before and after 14 days of treatment were compared between the two groups. After followed up for 1 and 3 months after treatment，the recurrence rate of the two groups was counted.
The total effective rate of treatment in the study group（91.84%，45/49）was higher than that in the control group（71.43%，35/49）（P<0.05）. The scores of ear itching，ear bloating and ear canal drainage in the study group were lower than those of the control group after 14 days of treatment（P<0.05）. After 14 days of treatment，the levels of serum IL-8，IL-2 and TGF-β1 in the study group were lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）. After 14 days of treatment，the values of BC，AC and ABG of the study group were lower than those of the control group（P<0.05）. Compared with that of the control group（10.20%，5/49），the incidence of adverse reactions in the study group（8.16%，4/49）was not statistically significant（P>0.05）. Compared with those of the control group［2.86%（1/35）、11.43%（4/35）］，the recurrence rates［0.00%（0/44）、4.55%（2/44）］of the study group during the follow-up were not statistically significant（P>0.05）.
Xiaofeng Powder combined with Ermiao Powder combined with Miconazole Nitrate has a significant effect on the treatment of patients with mycotic external otitis. It can effectively reduce the levels of inflammatory factors，improve the clinical symptoms and hearing level of patients，and has certain safety.
Atherosclerosis（AS）is a chronic vasculitis disease，which is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The occurrence and development of AS involve various pathological mechanisms such as inflammatory response，oxidative stress，lipid infiltration，dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells，proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells，macrophage polarization and imbalance of autophagy homeostasis. Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）is one of the traditional Chinese medicines for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. The combination of Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）and multiple traditional Chinese medicines is commonly used in clinical practice for the treatment of AS，with definite therapeutic effects. Modern pharmacology shows that the active ingredients of Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）mainly include saponins，Panax notoginseng saponins，flavonoids，etc. As a saponin class，Panax notoginseng saponins（PNS）are important indicators for evaluating the quality of Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）and the main material basis for exerting pharmacological effects. It contains multiple monomers and has been proven to have various pharmacological effects such as anti-AS and improving cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. This article analyzed the pharmacological effects of the active ingredients of Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）and its anti-AS pharmacological mechanisms，summarized the mechanism of action of commonly used clinical anti-AS formulas of Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma），and explored the impact of Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）processing methods on its anti-AS effects，in order to provide reference for better application of Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma）in the treatment of AS and in-depth pharmacological research.
To study the therapeutic effect of Yishen Tiaojing Decoction（益肾调经方）on kidney deficiency type of hypomenorrhea based on“consolidating basis and cultivating primordial Qi”theory of Xin’an physicians.
A total of 116 patients with hypomenorrhea were selected and divided into observation group（58 cases）and control group（58 cases）by the random number table method. The control group received conventional western medicine treatment，and the observation group was given conventional western medicine combined with Yishen Tiaojing Decoction，and both groups were treated for 3 courses with 1 menstrual cycle as 1 course of treatment. The clinical efficacy after treatment，TCM syndromes scores，pictorial blood loss assessment chart（PBAC）score，sex hormones［follicle stimulating hormone（FSH），luteinizing hormone（LH），estradiol（E2），progesterone（P）］and uterine spiral artery blood flow parameters［arterial pulsatility index（PI），resistance index（RI），peak systolic velocity（PSV）］before and after treatment were compared between the two groups，and the safety was analyzed in both groups.
The clinical efficacy in the observation group was 84.48%（49/58），which was higher than that（68.97%，40/58）in the control group（P<0.05）. After treatment，the scores of TCM syndromes and total score，the levels of serum FSH and LH，the values of PI and RI were decreased in both groups，and the above indicators were lower in the observation group（all P<0.05）. The menstrual period，PBAC score，the levels of serum E2 and P and the value of PSV in both groups after treatment were significantly increased（P<0.05），and the observation group had longer or higher indicators（all P<0.05）. The incidence rate of adverse reactions revealed no statistical difference between observation group（10.34%，6/58）and control group（8.62%，5/58）（P>0.05）.
Based on“consolidating basis and cultivating primordial Qi”theory of Xin’an physicians，the application of Yishen Tiaojing Decoction in the treatment of patients with kidney deficiency type of hypomenorrhea is beneficial to improving the sex hormone secretion，regulating the uterine spiral artery blood flow parameters and effectively relieving the symptoms such as few menstruations volume，and the therapy has certain safety.
Ischemic stroke，a prevalent type of cerebrovascular disease，is marked by high incidence and mortality rates，with an alarming trend towards younger demographics in China. In this context，tanshinone ⅡA and tetramethylpyrazine have garnered research attention for their multifaceted therapeutic effects and minimal side effects in treating ischemic stroke. These two traditional Chinese medicinal compounds exhibit similar biological effects，including antioxidant，anti-inflammatory，anti-apoptotic properties，protecting blood-brain barrier and promoting neovascularization effects. They also protect the nervous system by modulating key signaling pathways such as Nrf2/HO-1，NF-κB and PI3K/Akt. Clinical studies have demonstrated significant efficacy and good safety profiles for tanshinone ⅡA and tetramethylpyrazine injections in the treatment of stroke. This article aimed to synthesize the research advancements of tanshinone ⅡA and tetramethylpyrazine in ischemic stroke therapy，offering new perspectives for drug development，mechanistic research and treatment strategies for ischemic stroke.
To investigate the effects of Modified Wuling Powder（五苓散加味）combined with transurethral resection of prostate（TURP）on factors related to urodynamics and tissue pathological reconstitution in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia（BPH）.
A total of 110 patients with BPH were treated in the hospital from June 2022 to August 2023，and were divided into the control group and the experimental group，with 55 cases in each group，using random number table method. The control group was treated with TURP，and the experimental group was treated with Modified Wuling Powder on the basis of TURP for a total of 4 weeks. The urodynamics，the factors related to tissue pathological reconstruction and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores of two groups before treatment and 4 weeks after treatment were compared，and the efficacy was evaluated 4 weeks after treatment and the occurrence of adverse reactions 4 weeks after surgery were compared.
Compared with those before treatment，after 4 weeks of treatment，the levels of slender urine dribbling，urethral astringency pain，frequent urinate，lower abdominal distension pain，dry stool，bitter mouth yellow score，maximumurination pressure（Pves），serum vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF），transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1），connective tissue growth factor（CTGF）and fibronectin 1（FN1）in two groups decreased，and those in the experimental group were lower（P<0.05）. Compared with those before treatment，after 4 weeks of treatment，the bladder volume and maximum urinaryflow rate（Qmax）of the two groups increased，and they were higher in the experimental group（P<0.05）. The total effective rate of the experimental group was 74.07%（40/54），higher than that of the control group（90.38%，47/52）after 4 weeks of treatment（P<0.05）. Four weeks after surgery，there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups［13.46%（7/52）vs 7.41%（4/54）］（P<0.05）.
Modified Wuling Powder combined TURP can regulate the expressions of VEGF，TGF-β1，CTGF，FN1 and other factors related to tissue pathological reconstitution in BPH patients，improve the urodynamics，reduce the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores，and has accurate efficacy without increasing safety risk.
To explore the influence of Modified Shaoyao Gancao Decoction（加味芍药甘草汤）combined with estradiol valerate tablets in the treatment of mild intrauterine adhesion（IUA）on microinflammatory state and sex hormones levels.
A total of 92 patients with mild IUA as the research subjects. According to the random number method，they were divided into control group and observation group，with 46 cases in each group. The control group was treated with estradiol valerate tablets，while the observation group was given Modified Shaoyao Gancao Decoction on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy，TCM syndrome scores，uterine examination indexes（endometrial thickness，endometrial volume），hemodynamic indexes［endometrial spiral artery resistance index（RI），pulsatility index（PI）］，matrix metalloproteinase（MMP）-2，MMP-3，MMP-9，inflammatory factors［transforming growth factor（TGF）-β1，tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α，interleukin（IL）-6］and sex hormones［estradiol（E2），luteinizing hormone（LH）］before and after treatment were compared between both groups.
After treatment，the total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group（P<0.05）. The TCM syndrome scores and levels of TGF-β1，TNF-α，IL-6 and LH in both groups were decreased，and the decreases in the observation group were higher than those in the control group（all P<0.05）. The endometrial thickness，endometrial volume，PI，RI and levels of MMP-2，MMP-3，MMP-9，E2 and LH were increased in the two groups，and the increases were higher in the observation group than those in the control group（all P<0.05）.
Modified Shaoyao Gancao Decoction combined with estradiol valerate tablets can effectively improve the clinical symptoms，uterine morphology and hemodynamic indexes in the treatment of mild IUA，and it has exact efficacy，and the role mechanism is related to the regulations of expressions of matrix metalloproteinases，inflammatory factors and sex hormones.
To analyze the effects of folic acid and vitamin B12 combined with Huangqi Shengmai Decoction（黄芪生脉饮）on homocysteine（Hcy），C-reactive protein（CRP），nerve function and vascular endothelial function in patients with acute cerebral infarction（ACI）.
A total of 113 ACI patients admitted to the hospital from January 2018 to January 2022 were selected and divided into two groups using a random number table method. The control group（48 cases）were treated with conventional therapy plus folic acid combined with vitamin B12，and the observation group（65 cases）were treated with Huangqi Shengmai Decoction on the basis of the control group. The levels of Hcy and CRP，National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale（NIHSS）score，the activity of daily living Barthel index score，the levels of vascular endothelial function indicators［nitric oxide（NO），endothelin-1（ET-1），vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）］，the cerebral blood perfusion level and the vascular endothelium before and after treatment were statistically analyzed in the two groups.
After treatment，the serum levels of Hcy and CRP in the two groups were significantly decreased（P<0.001）. The serum Hcy and CRP levels in the observation group after treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）. After treatment，NIHSS score decreased significantly（P<0.001）and Barthel index score increased significantly（P<0.001）. There was a statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group in NIHSS score and Barthel index score after treatment（P<0.01）. After treatment，the levels of NO in the two groups were significantly increased（P<0.001）while the levels of ET-1 and VEGF were significantly decreased（P<0.001）. There were statistically significant differences in the levels of NO，ET-1 and VEGF between the observation group and the control group after treatment（P<0.01）. After treatment，the levels of CRP，interleukin-6（IL-6）and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）. The activated partial thromboplastin time（aPTT），prothrombin time（PT）and D-dimer（D-D）in the observation group after treatment were higher than those before treatment and the control group at the same period（P<0.05），and the FIB was lower than that in the control group before treatment and the control group at the same period（P<0.05）. The values of cerebral blood volume（CBV）and cerebral blood flow（CBF）in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group after treatment，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. After treatment，the levels of NO，ET-1 and VEGF in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group，and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）.
Folic acid and vitamin B12 combined with Huangqi Shengmai Decoction can effectively improve the nerve function，vascular endothelial function，immune function and coagulation function of ACI patients，reduce the risk of cerebral infarction recurrence，and improve the quality of life of patients，which is worthy of clinical application.
To study the clinical effect of Lianqin Huashi Formula（连芩化湿方）combined with acupuncture on Helicobacter pylori（Hp）-positive chronic non-atrophic gastritis.
A total of 64 patients with Hp-positive chronic non-atrophic gastritis admitted to the Department of Acupuncture and Physiotherapy of the hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were included in the study group. The patients were divided into study group and reference group by random number table method，32 patients in each group. The reference group was given the quadruple therapy with standard bismuth agent. The study group was given the standard bismuth quadruple therapy combined with Lianqin Huashi Formula and acupuncture treatment. The clinical effects，Hp conversion rate，TCM symptom scores（epigastric pain and burning，cacoic acid reflux，halitosis and mouth stickiness，nausea and thirst）of each group were compared，and motilin（MOT）and gastrointestinal hormone indexes such as MOT and gastrin（GAS）were changed to understand the changes in gastrointestinal function of patients，the changes in interleukin-8（IL-8）levels were assessed to understand the inflammatory status of patients，and the adverse reactions of treatment in each group were observed.
The total effective rate of the study group was 96.88%（31/32），which was significantly higher than that of the reference group（78.13%，25/32）（P<0.05）. Compared with that of the reference group（78.13%，25/32），the Hp negative conversion rate of the study group（96.88%，31/32）was higher（P<0.05）. The adverse reaction rate of the study group was 6.25%（2/32），which was significantly lower than that of the reference group（28.13%，9/32）（P<0.05）. The comparison of epigastric pain，burning，cacogenic acid reflux，halitosis and sticky mouth，nausea and thirst，and the TCM syndrome scores，the levels of MOT，GAS and IL-8 in both groups before treatment was not significant（P>0.05）. After treatment，TCM syndrome scores and the level of IL-8 significantly decreased，while the levels of MOT and GAS increased significantly. The improvement of various indexes in the study group after treatment was significantly better than that in the reference group（P<0.05）.
The patients with Hp-positive chronic non-atrophic gastritis treated with Lianqin Huashi Formula combined with acupuncture obtain good effect. This treatment plan can better clear Hp infection，improve the clinical symptoms，promote the gastrointestinal function recovery，reduce the adverse reaction rate and improve the treatment safety，which is worthy of application.
To observe the effect of Modified Yinchen Zhizi Decoction（茵陈栀子加减方）combined with acupoint Tuina on the duration of jaundice，the serum bilirubin index and the levels of glutamic oxalic aminotransferase（AST）and alanine aminotransferase（AIT）in neonatal children with jaundice.
A total of 142 cases of neonatal jaundice admitted to the hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected，and the patients were divided into control group（70 cases）and study group（72 cases）according to numerical random table method. The control group was given the routine treatment and Modified Yinchen Zhizi Decoction. The observation group was given Modified Yinchen Zhizi Decoction combined with acupoint Tuina treatment on the basis of control group. The first defecation time，jaundice duration，hospital stay and other clinical indexes were compared between the two groups after treatment. Serum bilirubin index，jaundice index and transcutaneous bilirubin index of the two groups were compared before and after treatment. The levels of AST and AIT before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The adverse reactions such as drowsiness，nausea and vomiting，skin allergy and diarrhea were compared between the two groups during the treatment. The treatment satisfaction of the two groups was compared and observed.
The first defecation time，duration of jaundice，the length of hospital stay and the other clinical indexes in the study group were significantly better than those in the control group（P<0.05）. After treatment，the serum bilirubin index，the jaundice index and transcutaneous bilirubin index in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group，and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. After treatment，the levels of AST and ALT in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group，and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions such as drowsiness，nausea and vomiting，skin allergy and diarrhea in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group，and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The treatment satisfaction（94.44%，68/72）in the study group was significantly higher than that（81.43%，57/70）in the control group（P<0.05）.
Modified Yinchen Zhizi Decoction combined with acupoint Tuina can obviously improve the duration of jaundice in neonatal children，effectively regulate the serum bilirubin and liver function indexes，and restore AST and AIT to normal levels，and the occurrence of adverse reactions is also low. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Yuganzi（Phyllanthi Fructus）has the effects of moistening lung and resolving phlegm，generating fluids and quenching thirst，clearing heat and promoting swallowing. Its main active ingredients are phenolic acids and tannins. However，the research has found that Yuganzi（Phyllanthi Fructus）is influenced by various factors such as place of origin，harvesting period and variety，resulting in significant differences in the contents，types and transmission of effective ingredients. The listed pharmacopoeia only uses gallic acid as a quality control and evaluation indicator，lacking specificity and specificity，making it difficult to identify and evaluate the place of origin. This study mainly systematically summarized the functional applications，chemical components，pharmacological activities and quality control research progress of Yuganzi（Phyllanthi Fructus）in recent years，which can provide ideas for the construction of its quality evaluation methods. It is found that it has significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of hypertension，chronic pharyngitis，aging and strong carcinogens. The chemical composition is diverse，mainly containing compounds such as phenolic acids，tannins，terpenes，flavonoids，etc. It has various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant，anti-cancer，lipid-lowering，hepatoprotective and antibacterial effects. However，the research on quality control of Yuganzi（Phyllanthi Fructus）is currently limited. In the future，it is necessary to further explore the different active substance bases based on different functions and clinical applications，and clarify the quality control methods for constructing Yuganzi（Phyllanthi Fructus）based on active indicators.
To establish fingerprint and multi-components determination of substance benchmark of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction（芍药甘草汤，SGD）and provide reference for quality control and evaluation of SGD.
The separation was performed on Waters Symmetry® C18 column（250 mm×4.6 mm，5μm）with acetonitrile -0.1% formic acid for gradient elution. The HPLC fingerprint of 15 batches of substance benchmark were established，and the contents of active components in the substance benchmark of SGD were determined.
The HPLC fingerprint of 15 batches of substance benchmark were established and a total of 8 common peaks were identified. The similarity evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine was calculated and the result showed the similarity of characteristic chromatogram was greater than 0.90. Combining cluster analysis，principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis，the 15 batches of samples were classified into two types（one for S1-S4，S11，S12，and one for S5-S10，S13-S15）. Six known components including gallic acid，albiflorin，paeoniflorin，liquiritin apioside，liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid were determined. The results of content determination were 2.46-3.31 mg·g-1，8.71-12.45 mg·g-1，20.97-33.14 mg·g-1，3.94-6.09 mg·g-1，4.41-6.03 mg·g-1，7.45-11.21 mg·g-1，respectively.
The HPLC fingerprint combined with multi-components determination is stable and reliable. This study can lay a foundation for the quality control and evaluation of SGD.
To screen clinical diagnostic items for hypertension with the syndrome of intermingled phlegm and blood stasis from both macro and micro perspectives using the Delphi method，providing evidence for the development of a diagnostic scale for this syndrome.
Based on the Delphi method and combined with previous literature research results from the working group，two rounds of expert consultations were conducted. The results of the expert consultations were evaluated from multiple perspectives such as the mean，the coefficient of variation and the coordination coefficient. The items were revised based on the clinical experience of the experts to form a consensus on diagnostic items for hypertension with the syndrome of intermingled phlegm and blood stasis.
A total of 30 domestic experts were surveyed，with a response rate of 86.67% for both rounds. The expert authority coefficients for the two rounds were 0.914 and 0.925，respectively. Based on the mean and coefficient of variation of each item，combined with the clinical experience of the experts，the appropriate deletions were made，and ultimately 20 core diagnostic items were determined. These included primary symptoms：a heavy sensation in the head as if wrapped，stabbing pain in the head or chest with a fixed location，dark purple lips and nails，chest distress，obesity，heavy limbs，a swollen tongue with teeth marks on the edges，purple or dark tongue，or tongue with ecchymoses or petechiae or purple and dilated sublingual veins，greasy coating on the tongue，slippery or rough pulse，and abnormal blood lipids；secondary symptoms：dark complexion，excessive sleepiness，fatigue，expectoration of phlegm or sticky sensation in the mouth，thick coating on the tongue，wiry pulse，increased plasma viscosity and increased intima-media thickness of the carotid artery or carotid plaques.
The 20 diagnostic items for the syndrome of of intermingled phlegm and blood stasis in hypertension screened out in this study integrate the macroscopic syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine with the microscopic syndrome differentiation based on modern biochemical indicators，providing a basis and reference for subsequent research on quantitative assignment of this syndrome and the construction of diagnostic scales.
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