ArchiveThis study aimed to investigate the mechanism of Tianma Gouteng Decoction (天麻钩藤饮) in the treatment of tic disorders by examining its intervention effects on tic disorder model mice and its impact on striatal metabolites in brain tissue using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS).
Sixty male ICR mice were chosen and randomly allocated into 6 groups with 10 mice in each, specifically the control group, the model group, the western medicine group, as well as the Tianma Gouteng Decoction high, medium and low dose groups. A tic disorder model in mice was constructed via intraperitoneal injection of iminodipropionitrile (IDPN). The therapeutic effect of Tianma Gouteng Decoction on tic disorder model mice was preliminarily evaluated by comprehensively considering changes in mouse behavior, histopathology, as well as the levels of dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in the brain tissue of mice. UPLC/Q-TOF MS was used to detect striatal metabolites in the brain tissue of the mice in the control group, the model group, the western medicine group and Tianma Gouteng Decoction high, medium and low dose groups. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis was adopted for multivariate statistical analysis and pattern recognition, aiming to screen out differential metabolites. Metabolic pathway enrichment was performed using the MetaboAnalyst 5.0 database.
Tianma Gouteng Decoction could significantly improve the stereotyped behavior scores of tic disorder model mice, reduce the lung index, lower the level of 5-HT and raise the levels of DA and NE. In particular, when compared with those in the control group, the level of 5-HT in the brain tissue of the mice in the model group was significantly higher (P<0.05), whereas the levels of DA and NE were significantly reduced (P<0.05). In comparison with the model group, the 5-HT levels in the brain tissue of the mice in the Tianma Gouteng Decoction high, medium and low dose groups were significantly lowered, while the levels of DA and NE were significantly elevated (P<0.05). Further comparison showed that the content of 5-HT in the brain tissue of the mice in the Tianma Gouteng Decoction high-dose group was lower than that in the Tianma Gouteng Decoction medium and low dose groups, while the contents of DA and NE were higher (P<0.05). Metabolomics results revealed that there were more than 50 differential metabolites related to the regulation of Tianma Gouteng Decoction, including glycerophospholipids, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid.
From a metabolomics standpoint, this research explored the therapeutic mechanism of Tianma Gouteng Decoction in addressing tic disorders, laying a foundation for research and clinical application of Tianma Gouteng Decoction in the treatment of tic disorders.
This study aimed to screen dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for Gegen (Pueraria lobata) fermentation and optimize the synergistic fermentation processes to enhance the bioactive compound yields.
By monitoring the dynamic changes in bacterial activity, total acid, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity during the fermentation process of six strains of LAB, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-Entropy Weight Method was used to comprehensively evaluate and screen the dominant LAB and optimize the key process parameters such as strain ratio, inoculation amount and solid-liquid ratio based on the synergistic fermentation strategy of dominant bacteria.
Lactobacillus plantarum P9 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were the dominant strains for Gegen (Pueraria lobata) fermentation. The optimal process conditions for their synergistic fermentation were a strain ratio of 3∶1, inoculation volume of 10%, solid-liquid ratio of 1∶25, temperature of 37 ℃ and fermentation for 3 d. Under these conditions, the viable counts reached 8.96 lgCFU·mL-1 (231.6% higher than Lactobacillus plantarum P 9 monoculture, 31.83% higher than Lactobacillus rhamnosus), total acid content peaked at 2.95 g·L-1 (91.6% increase over Lactobacillus rhamnosus monoculture), and daidzein content achieved 1.32 mg·g-1 (164% and 238% enhancements compared to respective monocultures).
Microbial consortia integration synergistically amplified strain-specific advantages, significantly elevating bioactive metabolites and providing strain selection and process optimization strategy for the development of fermented functional beverages and probiotic preparations based on Gegen (Pueraria lobata).
As the body surface mapping area of human organs and meridians, the accurate identification and location of auricular points in traditional Chinese medicine is the key technical support for auricular acupuncture diagnosis and treatment, traditional Chinese medicine health monitoring and other scenes. Traditional ear acupoint detection is highly dependent on the clinical experience of professional doctors, which is not only subjective and inefficient, but also difficult to meet the needs of standardized application. The existing target detection algorithms generally have pain points that are difficult to balance accuracy and speed in auricular point detection. To this end, this study proposes an improved traditional Chinese medicine auricular point detection algorithm based on YOLOv12. First of all, combined with the national standard of auricular points and 9 kinds of TCM diseases, a special data set containing 31 auricular points partitions was constructed, including 2140 auricular points images covering different age groups, ear shape characteristics and shooting environment. In terms of model optimization, the C3k2-GV3S Lightweight Residual Feature Aggregation Module is introduced to replace the C3k2 module of the original backbone network. With the help of the two-stage strategy of “basic feature generation + cheap phantom feature completion”, the parameter quantity and calculation amount are reduced by about 50% on the premise of retaining the advantage of residual feature multiplexing, and the key feature representation of small auricular targets is strengthened. The bilinear adaptive boundary-enhanced upsampling module BABEU (Bilinear Adaptive Boundary-Enhanced Upsampling Module) is designed to replace the traditional interpolation operation. Through the combination strategy of “bilinear interpolation smoothing feature + learnable convolution thinning boundary”, the high-frequency detail features of the auricular point boundary are adaptively learned to avoid pixel block effect and checkerboard artifacts, and the boundary feature recovery accuracy of the auricular point small target is significantly improved. Finally, a bilinear adaptive boundary enhanced upsampling and lightweight residual feature aggregation network YOLOv12n-BiGS (Bilinear Adaptive Boundary-Enhanced Upsampling and Lightweight Residual Feature Aggregation Network) based on YOLOv12n has been constructed. The experimental results show that the average Dice coefficient of the model on the dedicated data set is 0.5821, and the reasoning time is only 3.3 ms. The comprehensive performance is better than the mainstream lightweight algorithms such as YOLOv8 n, YOLOv11 n and DeepEar. The special data set constructed in this study meets the clinical needs, and the improved model realizes the collaborative optimization of auricular point detection accuracy and real-time performance, which provides technical support for the intelligent and standardized promotion of auricular point diagnosis and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.
Macroscopic syndrome differentiation is the foundation of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatment system. Through the four diagnostic methods of observation, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry and palpation, it integrates and analyzes the overall state of the patient and the characteristics of the disease, “understanding the interior from the exterior” and “diagnosing the interior from the exterior”, thus forming an overall understanding of the pathogenesis. Microscopic syndrome differentiation, by detecting microscopic indicators such as the tissue, cell, molecular and genetic levels of the patients, revealed the deep mechanism and material basis of syndromes. It is a supplement to macroscopic syndrome differentiation and also an important direction for the precision of traditional Chinese medicine. This paper reviewed the current research status of the objectification of TCM syndromes from the perspectives of macro and micro syndrome differentiation respectively. It proposed to establish a “macro-micro” feature correlation model through machine learning, systematically drew the knowledge graph of TCM “syndromes” and on this basis, sequentially collected disease characteristic information, accurately grasped the changes and development trends of syndromes and form clinical sequential diagnosis and treatment auxiliary decision-making. It is an effective path for traditional Chinese medicine to move towards precision medicine.
To analyze the effect of Modified Wenjing Decoction (温经汤加减) on promoting endometrial repair and reducing complications after abortion based on the perspective of blood stasis and heat in five Zang-organs.
A total of 100 gynecological cases meeting the diagnosis and inclusion criteria in Shijiazhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2023 to July 2024 were included, and randomly divided into a traditional Chinese medicine treatment group (35 cases), a Western medicine treatment group (35 cases), and a blank group (30 cases). The Western medicine group was treated with Fenmorton combined intrauterine drug administration, and the traditional Chinese medicine group was treated with Wenjing Decoction combined intrauterine drug administration. In the blank group, there was no other treatment plan except conventional antibiotics for infection prevention. The treatment effect, traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores, vaginal bleeding time, menstrual rehydration time, endometrial thickness, uterine artery blood flow parameters, changes in estrogen and progesterone and complications of the two groups were compared.
The total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine treatment was 97.14% (34/35), much higher than that of the Western medicine group (80.00%, 28/35) and the blank group (66.67%, 20/30), with significant differences among groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the traditional Chinese medicine group had lower scores for prolonged menstrual cycly, reduced menstrual flow, shortened menstrual period and three traditional Chinese medicine symptoms compared to the control group. The vaginal bleeding time and menstrual recovery time were shorter than those of the Western medicine group and the blank group, and the endometrial thickness was higher than that of the Western medicine group and the blank group (P<0.05). The levels of PSV and PI indicators in the traditional Chinese medicine group increased, while RI decreased, and were better than those in the western medicine group and the blank group (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the traditional Chinese medicine group was 2.86% (1/35), lower than 5.71% (2/35) in the Western medicine group and 6.67% (2/30) in the blank group, with significant differences among the groups (P<0.05).
Based on blood stasis and heat in five Zang-organs, the treatment of Wenjing Decoction can improve the symptoms of the patients after abortion, shorten the postoperative vaginal bleeding time, promote endometrial repair, adjust the levels of estrogen and progesterone, and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications such as uterine adhesions, which has high application value.
To investigate the effect of Fuyuan Huoxue Decoction (复元活血汤) combined with natural copper pills and magnetic therapy on the pain degree (VAS) score and the expressions of serum collagen, miR-188 and miR-206 in the elderly patients with distal radius fractures.
This study collected 123 elderly patients with distal radius fractures who received treatment in the hospital from May 2021 to January 2024. They were randomly divided into three groups, with 41 patients in each group. All 3 groups received internal fixation treatment. After operation, control group A was treated with Fuyuan Huoxue Decoction, control group B was treated with natural copper pills and magnetic therapy, and the observation group was treated with Fuyuan Huoxue Decoction combined with natural copper pills and magnetic therapy. The callus score, fracture healing time, pain degree, swelling index, the serum levels of type I collagen-related indicators [type I collagen amino terminal propeptide (PINP), type I collagen carboxy terminal peptide β special sequence (β-CTX)], D-dimer (D-D), fibrinogen (FIB), miR-188 and miR-206 and improved Mayo wrist function score before and after treatment of the three groups were observed and compared.
The callus score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group A and B, and the fracture healing time was shorter than that of the control group A and B (P<0.05). The comparison between control group A and B had no significant difference (P>0.05). After 1 and 4 weeks of treatment, the VAS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control groups A and B, and the swelling index was higher than that of the control groups A and B (P<0.05). The comparison between control group A and B had no significant difference (P>0.05). After 1 and 4 weeks of treatment, the expressions of FIB, D-D, miR-188 and miR-206 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group A and B, and the levels of PINP andβ-CTX were higher than those in the control group A and B (P<0.05). The comparison between control group A and B had no significant difference (P>0.05). The modified Mayo wrist function of the observation group was higher than that of the control group A and B at 3 and 6 months after treatment (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference compared with those of the control group A and B (P>0.05).
Fuyuan Huoxue Decoction, natural copper pills and magnetic therapy for the elderly patients with distal radius fractures after surgery can significantly reduce the swelling of the patients and improve the coagulation function and wrist joint function, reduce the VAS score and the expressions of miR-188 and miR-206, increase the serum collagen-related index level and the quality of the callus, and shorten the healing time of fractures. The effect is more significant.
To study the inhibitory activity of glycycoumarin against the main RNA polymerase of the novel coronavirus and to predict the inhibitory activity of coumarin small molecules against this target enzyme.
A cell-based novel coronavirus RNA polymerase catalytic reaction system was used to test the inhibitory activity of glycycoumarin against RNA polymerase. Molecular docking technology was used to study the interaction mode of glycycoumarin and coumarin small molecules with amino acids at the active site of the main RNA polymerase of the novel coronavirus.
In the RNA polymerase inhibition assay, glycycoumarin showed inhibition rates were (29.68±4.06)%, (58.30±7.65)% and (86.85±5.78)% at concentrations of 10, 25, 50 μmol/L, respectively. Glycycoumarin can enter the active site of RNA polymerase and interact with amino acids in the NTPs channel, releasing free energy of 7.6 kcal/mol during the binding process. Coumarin small molecules can bind to the active site of RNA polymerase and hinder the entry of normal substrate nucleotides.
Glycycoumarin has significant inhibitory activity against RNA polymerase. Coumarin small molecules can occupy the NTPs channel and inhibit the biological function of RNA polymerase. Structural modification based on the coumarin parent nucleus is a potential pathway for the development of anti-novel coronavirus drugs.
To explore the mechanism of Jinlong Dingchuan Mixture (金龙定喘合剂) in regulating the balance of helper T cell 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg) in the bronchial asthma mice based on Notch signaling pathway.
Fifty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group (control), model group (model), Jinlong Dingchuan Mixture group (JLDC), Notch agonist group (Jagged1) and Jinlong Dingchuan Mixture + Notch agonist group (JLDC + Jagged1) (n=10). The asthma model was prepared by injection and inhalation of ovalbumin (OVA). The mice in each drug group were given the corresponding drug by gavage/intraperitoneally once a day for 14 consecutive days. Resting minute ventilation (VE) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) were measured to evaluate the lung function. HE and Masson staining methods were used to observe the pathological injury and fibrosis of lung tissue. The total cell count, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of helper T cells 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood. The levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured, and the expressions of Notch1 and Hes1 protein in lung tissue were detected.
The lung function of JLDC group was significantly improved, and the pathological injury and fibrosis of the lung tissue were significantly alleviated. The number of inflammatory cells in BALF decreased significantly. Th17/Treg ratio was significantly decreased, the levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were significantly increased, and IL-17 levels were significantly decreased. The expression levels of Notch1 and Hes1 were significantly decreased. Notch agonist Jagged1 can partially reverse the above therapeutic effects of Jinlong Dingchuan Mixture on the asthmatic mice.
Jinlong Dingchuan Mixture can improve Th17/Treg balance, inhibit inflammatory response and improve lung function in the mice with tracheal asthma, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting Notch signaling pathway.
The homeostasis imbalance caused by turbidity-toxicity in the stomach is one of the important pathogenic mechanisms leading to chronic atrophic gastritis. Professor LI Diogui, a master of traditional Chinese medicine, has put forward the theory of turbidity-toxicity, and systematically expounds the connotation, material form and the formation reason of turbidity-toxicity. The method of eliminating turbidity and detoxifying is a great method proposed by Master LI to treat the syndrome of turbidity-toxicity in the stomach of chronic atrophic gastritis, and it is also an important link to adjust the homeostasis of the body to make it balance. The core of the theory of turbidity-toxicity is to purify the environment in the human body and harmonize the disharmony of the body, so that the human body can recover from the state of turbidity-toxicity to a pure state. The patients with chronic atrophic gastritis are in the state of turbidity-toxicity in the stomach, which will lead to the imbalance of Qi, blood, Yin and Yang in the body, and then affect the function of Zang-Fu organs. This is also consistent with the pathogenesis of chronic atrophic gastritis after “inflammation-cancer transformation”. The imbalance of Qi, blood and Yin and Yang in the body corresponds to the imbalance of body homeostasis, which leads to the further development of Zang-Fu organs dysfunction or “inflammation-cancer transformation”. Through the theory of homeostasis imbalance to explain the turbidity-toxicity of chronic atrophic gastritis, it not only broadens the new definition of “inflammation-cancer transformation”, but also provides a new idea for clinical treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis.
To study the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on joint function and serum inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in adjuvant treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
A total of 102 patients with knee osteoarthritis who were treated in the hospital from March 2022 to March 2024 were selected for the study. They were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the order of admission, with 51 patients in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with conventional western medicine, and those in the observation group were treated with acupuncture and moxibustion for 4 weeks. The total effective rate, TCM syndrome score, knee joint function, inflammatory factors and treatment safety were compared between the two groups.
The total effective rate was 98.04% (50/51) in the observation group and 84.31% (43/51) in the control group. The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of joint pain, soreness and weakness of waist and knees and unfavorable flexion and extension in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(2.13±0.44) points, (2.07±0.45) points, (1.74±0.50) points vs (2.72±0.51) points, (2.30±0.38) points, (1.98±0.26) points], the Lysholm knee scale (LKS) score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group [(87.25±9.03) points vs (82.30±7.56) points]. The levels of serum inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α and hs-CRP in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group [(17.25±3.68) pg/mL, (21.04±6.30) pg/mL, (8.12±1.43) μg/mL vs (21.38±3.40) pg/mL, (24.60±5.71) pg/mL, (9.27±1.18) μg/mL] (P<0.05). No serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups.
Acupuncture and moxibustion can achieve better curative effect in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. It can better alleviate the TCM syndromes, improve the joint function and reduce the inflammatory reaction of the patients. It has good safety and good application value.
To study the effect of Huangqi (Astragali Radix) on Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression of neutrophils in the psoriatic mice and the effect of neutrophil extrallular trapping network formation.
Healthy male BALB/c mice were selected, and the imiquimod cream was used to construct a mouse model of psoriasis. After successful modeling, the mice were divided into model group, Huangqi (Astragali Radix) low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups and vitamin D group according to the random number table method, and a blank control group was set up. HE staining was used to observe the histopathology of mouse skin lesions. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression levels of 25 (OH) D3and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in serum. Real-Time qPCR was used to detect the expression of VDR mRNA in peripheral blood neutrophils. Western blot was used to detect the expression of VDR protein in peripheral blood neutrophils. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of MPO protein in skin lesions.
Compared with the blank control group, the model group showed obvious pathological changes of psoriasis-like tissues. The levels of 25 (OH) D3in serum, VDR mRNA and VDR protein expressions in peripheral blood neutrophils were significantly decreased in the model group (P<0.05), and the levels of MPO in serum and MPO protein expression in skin lesions were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with those of the model group, the psoriasis-like histopathology of each drug intervention group was improved. The expression levels of 25 (OH) D3in serum of Huangqi (Astragali Radix) high-dose group and Vitamin D group and the expression levels of VDR mRNA and VDR protein in peripheral blood neutrophils of Huangqi (Astragali Radix) medium-dose group, Huangqi (Astragali Radix) high-dose group and Vitamin D group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The expression levels of MPO in serum and MPO protein in skin lesions of Huangqi (Astragali Radix) medium-dose group, Huangqi (Astragali Radix) high-dose group and Vitamin D group were significantly decreased (P<0.05).
Huangqi (Astragali Radix) may inhibit the formation of NETs by regulating VDR, thereby improving the inflammatory state and keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis mice.
Jiegeng Decoction (桔梗汤) comes from ZHANG Zhongjing's Synopsis of the Golden Chamber in the Han Dynasty. Jiegeng Decoction belongs to lung meridian. It is a channeling medicine for lung. It has the function of ventilating lung and promoting throat, expelling phlegm and discharging pus. Jiegeng Decoction is a classic prescription for treating cough and sore throat. Pharmacological studies have shown that Jiegeng Decoction has reliving cough, dispelling phlegm, anti-inflammation and protecting liver effects. The clinical research is mainly used to treat common diseases of respiratory system, ear-nose-throat system, digestive system and urinary system. On the basis of summarizing the research progress of chemical composition, pharmacological action and clinical application of Jiegeng Decoction, according to the “five principles” of quality marker (Q-Marker), in other words, quality transfer and traceability, component specificity, component and pharmacodynamic correlation, component measurability and compound compatibility environment were analyzed to predict Q-Markers of Jiegeng Decoction. The results showed that glycyrrhizic acid, Platycodin D, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid and glycyrrhetin A could be used as Q-Markers of Jiegeng Decoction to provide reference for the quality control of Jiegeng Decoction and its related preparations.
To analyze the therapeutic effect of acupuncture therapy and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on neuropathic pain of spinal cord injury.
A total of 92 patients with spinal cord injury-induced neuropathic pain treated at the Spinal Cord Rehabilitation Department of Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital from June 2021 to May 2024, were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups using a random number table method. The control group (46 cases) received high-frequency rTMS treatment, while the observation group (46 cases) received a combination of acupuncture therapy and high-frequency rTMS. The two groups were compared in terms of treatment efficacy, pain levels, neuroelectrophysiological parameters, oxidative stress markers, serum inflammatory cytokine levels and psychological status scores.
The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.48%, which was much higher than that of the control group (76.09%), and the difference between groups was significant (P<0.05). The visual analogue scale (VAS) score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group 1, 2 and 3 months after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) sensory and motor scores, resting motor threshold (RMT) and motor evoked potential (MEP) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).
In summary, acupuncture therapy combined with high-frequency rTMS can effectively reduce the degree of pain in the patients with neuropathic pain from spinal cord injury, regulate the serum inflammatory factors and oxidative stress response, play a protective role on nerves, and promote the recovery of nerve function.
To study the clinical effect of Shugan Jianpi Recipe (疏肝健脾方) in the treatment of postpartum hypogalactia with liver depression and spleen deficiency.
A total of 62 postpartum hypogalactia parturients with liver depression and spleen deficiency were randomly two groups. The control group received routine postpartum care, and the observation group took Shugan Jianpi Recipe combined routine postpartum care. The effects of breastfeeding, TCM symptoms and the improvement of postpartum anxiety and depression were compared between the two groups. The levels of serum corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), serum cortisol (COR) and serum PRL were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Compared with the control group, the observation group could improve the feeding effect of postpartum hypogalactia parturients, reduce the amount of supplementary milk, increase the maternal breast filling, improve TCM symptoms and postpartum depression (P<0.05). The levels of serum COR, CRH and ACTH in the observation group decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the serum PRL level increased (P<0.05).
Shugan Jianpi Recipe has a good clinical effect on postpartum hypogalactia with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome, which can promote milk secretion and relieve postpartum anxiety and depression, and it is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGFC)/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR3) pathway on the regulation of lymphangiogenesis on the occurrence of atherosclerosis (AS), and to reveal the intervention mechanism of Linggui Zhugan Decoction (苓桂术甘汤).
ApoE-/-mice fed with high-fat diet were fed to construct an AS model, and C57BL/6J mice were used as the blank groups, which were blank control group, model group, Linggui Zhugan Decoction low, medium and high dose groups. The blood lipid levels of mice in each group were checked by automatic bioanalyzer, and the pathological changes of the mouse aorta were observed by HE staining, and the mRNA and protein levels of lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor-1 (LYVE-1), VEGFR3, vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGFD), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), podoplanin (PDPN), protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and VEGFC were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.
Compared with those of the control group, the serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the model group were significantly increased (P<0.01), the structure of the aorta was abnormal, the large atheroma plaques were seen. The expressions of genes and proteins of LYVE-1, VEGFD, VEGFR2, PDPN, VEGFR3 and VEGFC in the aorta were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the protein expressions of AKT and ERK1/2 were significantly decreased (P<0.01). After the intervention of Linggui Zhugan Decoction, dyslipidemia was improved, the structure of the aortic wall was reduced, the atheroma plaque was reduced, the expressions of genes and proteins of LYVE-1, VEGFD, VEGFR2 and VEGFC in arteries were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), the protein expressions of AKT and ERK1/2 in the aorta were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and the protein expressions of PDPN and VEGFR3 genes in the aortic of Linggui Zhugan Decoction medium and high dose groups were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Among them, the improvement of Linggui Zhugan Decoction high dose group was more obvious.
Linggui Zhugan Decoction may promote lymphangiogenesis by affecting the VEGFC/VEGF3 pathway and participate in the regulation of the occurrence and development of AS.
To study the effect of Taohong Siwu Decoction (桃红四物汤) combined with acupuncture on the improvement of velocity systolic (Vs), velocitymean (Vm), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of vertebrobasilar artery in the patients with cervical spondylosis.
A total of 102 patients with cervical spondylosis diagnosed and treated in the hospital from January 2023 to August 2024 were selected as the research objects. The random number table method was divided into two groups, 51 cases in each group. The control group was treated with acupuncture and moxibustion, and the observation group was treated with Taohong Siwu Decoction on the basis of the control group. After 4 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate, TCM syndrome scores, vertebral basilar artery hemodynamics indexes Vs, Vm, PI and cervical function recovery were compared between the two groups.
The total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of head and neck pain, stiffness and numbness, dizziness, insomnia and dreaminess in the two groups decreased significantly (P<0.05), and these scores in the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the values of Vs and Vm of the vertebrobasilar artery in the two groups increased, the values of RI and PI decreased (P<0.05), and the values of Vs and Vm in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the values of RI and PI were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the neck disability index (NDI) of the two groups decreased significantly (P<0.001), and the result of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).
Taohong Siwu Decoction combined with acupuncture is effective in treating the patients with cervical spondylosis. It can improve the hemodynamic indexes of the vertebrobasilar artery, significantly relieve the symptoms and enhance the cervical spine function and has positive therapeutic value.
To analyze the effect of acupuncture combined with Brunnstrom rehabilitation training on the recovery of neurological function and motor function in patients with cerebral infarction.
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 86 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to the Rehabilitation Department of the hospital between January 2023 and September 2024, who met the inclusion criteria of this study. The patients were equally divided into two groups based on their treatment plan: 43 patients in the control group received conventional treatment and Brunnstrom rehabilitation training, while the other 43 patients in the observation group received acupuncture combined with Brunnstrom rehabilitation training. The therapeutic effects, traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores, neurological function, motor function and changes in intracranial hemodynamics were compared between the two groups.
In terms of the therapeutic effect, the effective rate of the observation group was 95.35% (41/43), while that of the control group was 74.42% (32/43). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of four traditional Chinese medicine symptoms such as limb numbness, deviation of mouth and eyes, sensory disturbance, dizziness and headache in the observation group were lower than those in the control group. In terms of Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Function (FMA) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores, both groups improved after treatment, but the improvement in the observation group was more significant. In terms of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, the decrease in the observation group was greater than that in the control group, and the difference between the groups was significant (P<0.05). In terms of hemodynamics, compared with the control group, the peak systolic velocity (PSV) and mean flow velocity (MFV) in the observation group were higher, and the resistance index (RI) was lower, with significant differences between the groups (P<0.05).
Acupuncture combined with Brunnstrom rehabilitation training for the patients with cerebral infarction is beneficial to improve symptoms such as sensory disturbance and limb numbness, promote the recovery of limb function of the upper and lower extremities, improve balance ability and intracranial hemodynamics, and reduce the degree of neurological deficit in patients, which has positive significance for the improvement of prognosis of the patients.
To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of sequential intermittent air pressure therapy with Naoxintong Capsules (脑心通胶囊) in the patients with lower limb dysfunction after stroke.
A total of 189 patients with lower limb dysfunction after stroke were enrolled in the rehabilitation department of the hospital from April 2020 to April 2025 and randomly divided into a control rehabilitation group (63 cases), a Chinese medicine group (63 cases) and a combined treatment group (63 cases). All groups received conventional treatment. The control rehabilitation group received conventional treatment placebo and real intermittent air pressure therapy (basic drugs + rehabilitation training). The Chinese medicine group received Naoxintong Capsules and sham intermittent air pressure therapy. The combined treatment group received Naoxintong Capsules and real intermittent air pressure therapy. The treatment course of the three groups was 8 weeks. The clinical efficacy and safety of sequential intermittent pneumatic compression therapy of Naoxintong Capsules in the patients with lower limb dysfunction after stroke were evaluated by observing the differences in Fugl-meyer assessment lower extremity (FMA-LE), Modified ashworth scale (MAS), Modified rankin scale (mRS), 10-Minute walk time (10MWT), 6-Minute walk distance (6MWD) and adverse events among the three groups before treatment, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment.
In terms of motor function, after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, the FMA-LE scores of the three groups were significantly improved compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), among which the patients in the combined group had the most significant improvement [(25.17±4.18) points at 8 weeks vs (23.22±3.44) points in the Chinese medicine group and (21.44±3.76) points in the rehabilitation group, P<0.001]. The MAS score showed that the muscle tension of the combined treatment group and the Chinese medicine group was better than that of the control group [(1.25±1.09) points in the combined group vs (1.88±1.40) points in the rehabilitation group at 8 weeks, P=0.008]. In terms of walking ability, the 10MWT [(16.33±5.66) s at 8 weeks] and 6MWD [(254.95±46.55) m at 8 weeks] of the combined group were the most significantly improved (P<0.001). The mRS score showed that all three groups had improvement, but there was no statistically significant difference among the groups (P>0.05). Safety analysis showed that the total incidence of adverse events was 15.9% (30/189), with no significant difference between the groups (P=0.852). The incidence of skin pressure injury in the combined treatment group was slightly higher (7 cases vs.4 cases in the rehabilitation group and 3 cases in the Chinese medicine group), but the risk of deep vein thrombosis was not increased (only 1 case), and mild allergic events were concentrated in the Chinese medicine group (7/9 cases).
On the basis of conventional treatment, sequential intermittent air pressure therapy with Naoxintong Capsules can effectively improve the lower limb motor function, lower limb spasticity and lower limb exercise endurance in the patients with lower limb dysfunction after stroke, and improve the quality of life of the patients.
Stroke, a prevalent cerebrovascular disease, often leads to impairments in motor function, sensation, speech and cognitive abilities, while also impacting mental and psychological well-being. Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine therapy, has gained increasing attention in stroke rehabilitation and has demonstrated notable therapeutic effects. This article explored the application of acupuncture in stroke rehabilitation based on the theory of “form and spirit integration”. This theory emphasizes the unity of the physical body and mental state, suggesting that stroke patients require not only physical rehabilitation but also mental and emotional support to achieve holistic healing. Acupuncture therapy, through mechanisms such as regulating Qi and blood, balancing organ functions, promoting neurotransmitter balance, improving cerebral blood flow and enhancing neuroplasticity, contributes to the restoration of neurological function. In clinical practice, specific acupoints and combinations are selected based on the patients' condition. Employing techniques that “treating the spirit by regulating the form” and “treating the form by regulating the spirit”, acupuncture helps restore motor function, alleviate emotional symptoms and promote overall recovery. Future research should further investigate the specific mechanisms of acupuncture to provide more scientifically sound and effective rehabilitation strategies for stroke patients.
To observe the effect and mechanism of Celastrol extract on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathway mediated by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) model mice.
C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with an average of 10 mice in each group, including normal group, model group, celastrol (1 mg·kg-1·d-1) group and pirfenidone (50 mg·kg-1·d-1) group. The IPF mouse model was established by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM). After successful modeling, each observation group was orally administered (ig), while the normal group was orally administered an equal amount of physiological saline for 28 consecutive days. The samples were taken out on the second day after the last administration. The pathological changes in lung tissue were observed through routine HE staining and collagen deposition in mouse lung interstitium and peribronchial tissue were observed through Masson special staining. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) method was used to detect the in situ expressions of PTEN and type I collagen in lung tissue, while quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)) was used to detect the mRNA expressions of PTEN, PI3K, PKB and interleukin (IL)-17β in lung tissue.
Compared with that of the normal group, the expression of type I collagen in the lung interstitium was significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05). The expressions of PI3K, PKB and IL-17β mRNA in lung tissue were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the expression of PTEN mRNA was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the celastrol and pirfenidone groups had a significant reduction in the expression of type I collagen in the lung tissue (P<0.05) and the expression of PTEN protein was significantly enhanced (P<0.05). The expressions of PI3K, PKB and IL-17β mRNA in lung tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the expression of PTEN mRNA was significantly increased (P<0.05).
Celastrol extract can effectively inhibit the structural damage of lung interstitium and alleviate pulmonary fibrosis. The mechanism may be achieved by activating PTEN and coordinating the inhibition of PI3K/PKB expression, reducing inflammatory response and preventing the deposition of pulmonary interstitial collagen.
To explore the mechanism of Danhong Injection (丹红注射液) in the treatment of the patients with acute cerebral infarction through the stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) signaling pathway.
A total of 104 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital from March 2024 to March 2025 were selected. A single-center randomized double-blind controlled trial design was adopted, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group by the random number table method, with 52 cases in each group. The control group was given alteplase, and the observation group was treated with Danhong Injection on the basis of the treatment of the control group. Both groups were given symptomatic treatment for one 10 consecutive days. After 10 days of treatment, the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathways and modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores of the two groups before and after treatment were compared, and the therapeutic effects and adverse reactions of the two groups were recorded.
The total effective rate of the observation group was 98.08%, which was higher than that (86.54%) of the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, the levels of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in the two groups were not significant (P>0.05). After the treatment, the levels of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, the mRS scores of the two groups were not significant (P>0.05). After the treatment, the mRS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).
Danhong Injection can exert its therapeutic effect on acute cerebral infarction through the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway, with obvious curative effect and worthy of clinical promotion and application.
This study aims to observe the rehabilitation effects and neurological impact of acupuncture on the Du meridian combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on post-stroke hemiplegia patients based on the theory that “primary treatment of brain lesions should target the Du meridian”.
Ninety post-stroke hemiplegia patients treated in Jingmen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Hubei University of Chinese Medicine from June 2022 to June 2024 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each consisting of 45 patients. The control group received conventional rehabilitation treatment, while the observation group additionally underwent acupuncture on the Du meridian and rTMS for an 8-week treatment period. The differences in neurological deficit scores (NIHSS), motor function recovery, daily living ability, quality of life, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores and clinical efficacy before and after treatment were observed between the two groups.
After treatment, both groups showed reduced NIHSS scores, with the observation group having significantly lower scores (P<0.05). Fugl-Meyer motor scores, Barthel Index scores and stroke-specific quality of life scale (SS-QOL) scores increased in both groups after treatment, with the observation group showing significantly higher improvements (P<0.05). Additionally, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores decreased in both groups, with the observation group exhibiting significantly lower scores (P<0.05). The overall effective rate in the observation group was 93.33% (42/45), which was significantly higher than that (73.33%, 33/45) in the control group (P<0.05).
Guided by the theory of “primary treatment of brain lesions via the Du meridian”, acupuncture on the Du meridian combined with rTMS can significantly promote the neurological recovery, improve the motor function and self-care abilities in post-stroke hemiplegia patients, demonstrating substantial clinical efficacy.
This study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy and underlying mechanisms of Banxia Xiexin Decoction (半夏泻心汤) in treating delayed-onset diarrhea induced by CPT-11 chemotherapy in the patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The primary focus was to evaluate its potential antidiarrheal mechanisms through gut microbiota modulation, providing scientific evidence for integrating traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with Western medicine in the treatment of chemotherapy-related diarrhea.
A total of 103 patients with advanced colorectal cancer who developed cold-heat mixed type delayedonset diarrhea following CPT-11 chemotherapy were recruited from the Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University School of Medicine (Jiangyin People's Hospital) between July 2022 and June 2024. The patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (51 patients, treated with Banxia Xiexin Decoction combined with Montmorillonite Powder) or the control group (52 patients, treated with Montmorillonite Powder alone). Both groups received treatment for 2 weeks, and the use of antibiotics, probiotics or other medications that could affect gut microbiota was prohibited. The primary outcome measures included the severity of diarrhea (assessed using the NCI CTCAE 5.0 grading system), TCM symptom scores, gut microbiota composition (analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing), quality of life [Karnofsky performance status scale (KPS) score and inflammatory cytokine levels [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)]. Secondary outcomes included clinical efficacy (response rate and total effective rate) and safety of the treatment. Adverse events were recorded and evaluated.
After treatment, the severity of diarrhea (NCI CTCAE grading) and TCM symptom scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The response rate and total effective rate in the experimental group were 54.9% (28/51) and 94.1% (48/51), respectively, significantly higher than those [26.9% (14/52) and 73.1% (38/52)] in the control group (P<0.05). 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the gut microbiota diversity in the experimental group was significantly increased (P<0.05), with a higher proportion of Firmicutes and a significant decrease in the proportion of pathogenic bacteria such as Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria (P<0.05) compared to those in the control group. The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower in the experimental group (P<0.05), with a greater reduction compared to those in the control group. KPS scores indicated a significant improvement in the quality of life of the patients in the experimental group (P<0.05). In terms of safety, no serious adverse reactions occurred in either group. A few patients experienced mild nausea or dry mouth, which did not require special treatment.
Banxia Xiexin Decoction significantly improves delayed-onset diarrhea induced by CPT-11 chemotherapy in the patients with advanced colorectal cancer. The potential mechanism may involve the modulation of gut microbiota, reduction in pathogenic bacteria and restoration of gut microbial balance. Furthermore, Banxia Xiexin Decoction enhances patients' quality of life and demonstrates good safety. This study provided new evidence for the clinical application and mechanistic research of traditional Chinese medicine in chemotherapy-related diarrhea.
Explored the protective effects of two iridoid compounds, catalpol and rehmannioside A (ReA), from the traditional Chinese medicine Shengdiihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury of pancreatic β-cells in vitro, as well as their molecular mechanisms in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
By utilizing an H2O2-induced injury model of rat insulinoma cells (INS-1) and mouse pancreatic β-cells (MIN6), the effects of catalpol and ReA on cell viability and proliferation were evaluated. Additionally, flow cytometry, cellular immunofluorescence and protein immunoblotting were employed to detect autophagy, apoptosis and the expressions of related proteins.
Catalpol and ReA can significantly increase the survival rate of H2O2-induced INS-1 and MIN6 cells (P<0.01), markedly enhance the cell proliferation vitality (P<0.01), effectively reduce the apoptosis rate of cells (P<0.01), significantly increase the relative fluorescence intensity of Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) protein in cells (P<0.01), up-regulate the expressions of Beclin 1, LC3B Ⅱ, Autophagy related 7 (ATG7), Autophagy related 5 (ATG5), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-9 (Caspase-9), Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3), Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) proteins in cells (P<0.05, P<0.01) and down-regulate the expressions of Sequestosome 1 (P62) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) proteins in cells (P<0.05, P<0.01).
Catalpol and ReA exert their anti-T2DM effects by enhancing autophagic activity, reducing cell apoptosis caused by oxidative damage, and improving the viability and proliferation of pancreatic β-cells.
Guipi Decoction (归脾汤) is a classic formula used throughout history for treating deficiency of both Qi and blood in heart and spleen, as well as spleen failure to control blood. Its modern applications primarily focus on the neuroendocrine system, commonly addressing conditions like insomnia or hypersomnia. This decoction is known to improve immune function, exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, regulate gastrointestinal function, and enhance psychological well-being. Referring to the five principles of core quality concept of traditional Chinese medicine quality markers (Q-markers) proposed by Academician LIU Changxiao in 2016, the prediction and analysis of Q-markers of Guipi Decoction were carried out, and the Q-markers were finally determined to be astragaloside Ⅳ, calycosin, quercetin, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Re, atractylenolide Ⅰ, atractylolactone Ⅱ, atractylolactone Ⅲ, ferulic acid, ligustilide, pachymic acid, dehydrotumulosic acid, dehydropachymic acid, jujuboside A, costunolide, dehydrocostus, tenuifolin, polygalaxanthone Ⅲ,3,6-disinapyryl sucrose, disinapoylsucrose, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid.
“Image” as a thinking pattern connecting concrete and abstract contents has gradually evolved into one of the core methodologies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). From the perspective of image-thinking, the growth cycle of Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) coincides with the Summer Solstice, when Yang Qi reaches its peak and Yin Qi begins to emerge. Its medicinal property is characterized as “pungent and warm”, which can disperse the accumulation of Yin-cold. The medication principle is mainly reflected in its growth during the mid-summer (when Yang Qi is abundant and Yin Qi starts to generate), enabling the harmony of Yin and Yang. Therefore, it can dry dampness in dampness, balance the body fluid and turbid pathogen. Growing in humid, shady areas with tubers hidden in the soil, Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) thrives in dampness without being overwhelmed by it, possessing the effects of drying dampness and resolving phlegm, reducing adverse Qi and stopping vomiting, etc. Analyzing Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) based on Image-Thinking not only deeply explores its traditional medication rules, providing theoretical support for clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment, drug compatibility and processing techniques, but also enriches the philosophical connotations of Chinese materia medica.
To investigate the clinical efficacy of combining Zhixue Mingmu Formula (止血明目方) with Conbercept Ophthalmic Injection and Calcium Dobesilate Capsules in treating the patients with stage V diabetic retinopathy (DR) accompanied by vitreous hemorrhage (VH).
From January 2022 to December 2024, 100 early-stage patients diagnosed with stage V DR and VH at Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital were recruited. They were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group (50 patients in each). The control group received Conbercept Ophthalmic Injection and Calcium Dobesilate Capsules, while the observation group additionally received Zhixue Mingmu Formula. All patients adhered to a low-salt, low-fat diabetic diet, engaged in moderate exercise, and maintained conventional hypoglycemic therapy. The treatment duration was 8 weeks. Relevant clinical parameters were recorded before and after treatment to evaluate the clinical effects of these two therapeutic regimens. The therapeutic effects, TCM syndrome scores, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, vitreous hemorrhage absorption, fundus examination findings and changes in serum levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) between the two groups were compared.
The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.0% (47/50), which was much higher than 78.0% (39/50) of the control group, and the difference between the groups was significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the observation group showed better scores in TCM symptoms, decreased intraocular pressure, best corrected visual acuity of the affected eye, and better absorption of vitreous hemorrhage compared to the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the observation group had lower visual field gray values, vascular tumors, bleeding spots and macular thickness than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of HIF-1 and VEGF in both groups decreased, and the levels of these indicators in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).
The combination regimen of Zhixue Mingmu Formula with anti-VEGF therapy effectively promotes visual rehabilitation and vitreous hemorrhage resolution, maintains the stability of intraocular pressure and downregulates the levels of HIF-1α and VEGF in the stage V DR patients.
Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) is a commonly used tonic drug in clinical practice. It has the functions of invigorating spleen and replenishing Qi, drying dampness and promoting urination, stopping sweating and preventing abortion. The use of Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) and its drug pairs in the combination of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions has always been the focus of discussion among doctors. The article reviewed the pharmacological effects of Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) and the network pharmacology of commonly used drug pairs such as Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)-Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)-Dangshen (Codonopsis Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)-Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)-Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)-Fuling (Poria), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)-Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) as well as the clinical application and modern experimental research on the compatibility of drug pairs such as Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)-Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)-Fuling (Poria), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)-Dangshen (Codonopsis Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)-Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)-Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) commonly found in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), in order to systematically reveal the application connotations of Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) and its drug pairs and provide reference for the scientific nature of its clinical application.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common gastrointestinal disease in clinic, which belongs to the category of “dysentery” in traditional Chinese medicine. The connotation of damp-heat and turbid toxin is the key to the recurrence and lingering of UC. In ancient prescriptions, Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) is the best treatment for dysentery, and its functions of clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire and detoxifying are in line with the pathogenesis. Studies have shown that Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) can effectively relieve symptoms when used alone, but it can better exert its efficacy when used in combination with other Chinese medicines. Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) is often combined with Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) and Huangbo (Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex) which are heat-clearing drugs to strengthen the function of clearing heat and drying dampness and treat all damp-heat dysentery. It is often used with blood drugs such as Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Baishɑo (Paeoniae Radix Alba) and Ejiɑo (Asini Corii Colla) to nourish Yin and remove heat, and treat dysentery due to Yin deficiency. It is often combined with Qi-regulating drugs such as Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) and Zhiqiɑo (Aurantii Fructus) to regulate Qi and relieve pain and treat Qi-stagnation dysentery. It is often combined with drugs for warming the interior like Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and Wuzhuyu (Euodiae Fructus), which can be used for both cold and heat to harmonize Yin and Yang and treat cold and heat dysentery. In addition, this paper discussed the matters needing attention in the application of Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) in UC from four aspects: cautious use of deficiency cold, improper use of deficiency heat, stopping when and food taboos.
To use severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pseudovirus containing spike protein (S) particles and expressing Luciferase luciferase and GFP fluorescent proteins to infect K18-hACE2 transgenic mice, to explore the establishment and evaluation of a usable animal model, and to provide ideas for the subsequent screening of effective drug targets.
(1) Twelve K18-hACE2 transgenic mice were randomly divided into control and model groups. The mice in the model group were given 50 μL of 1×109PFU/each viral solution by pipette drops, and those in the control group were given an equal amount of empty vector viral solution. (2) On the 3rd day after modeling, Luciferase in vivo fluorescence was observed and the samples were collected. The lung tissue GFP was observed under fluorescence microscopy. The lung tissue pathology was observed under light microscope. The lung tissue ultrastructure was observed under transmission electron microscope. S protein expression in lung tissue was detected by qPCR. The levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in serum were detected by ELISA. Western Blot assay was used for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein expression in lung tissue.
(1) In vivo imaging revealed a large fluorescence area in the nasopharynx and both lungs of the model mice, a large amount of green fluorescence in frozen sections of lung tissue, and pathological changes in lung histopathological sections and ultramicroscopic findings, while no fluorescence expression or pathological changes were observed in the lungs of the control mice. (2) S protein mRNA expression was seen in the lungs of the model mice (P<0.01). (3) Compared with those of the control mice, the expression of IL-6 in the serum of the model mice was increased and the expression of IL-10 was decreased (P<0.01). IL-6 expression was increased and IL-10 expression was decreased in the serum of mice in the model group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01). (4) ACE2 receptor content was decreased in lung tissues of the mice in the model group compared to that in the control group (P<0.01).
In this study, a model of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in hACE2 transgenic mice was established and evaluated, and the optimization study of the model still needs to be followed up for further improvement.
Kaempferide, as one of the active ingredients in many traditional Chinese medicines, has a wide range of pharmacological effects in various systems. Its mechanisms include inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis; exerting a neuroprotective effect by increasing the concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and alleviating oxidative stress responses; reducing oxidative stress responses by enhancing the expression of antioxidant genes and inhibiting the release of reactive oxygen species; resisting photoaging by inhibiting the expressions of pro-inflammatory factors, playing a protective role in the heart by exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects; protecting the kidneys by inhibiting the overexpression of HMGCS2 in renal tubular epithelial cells and alleviating renal interstitial fibrosis. This article comprehensively summarized the pharmacological effects and mechanism studies of kaempferide based on relevant literature in recent years, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the further development of kaempferide into a monomer drug.
To observe the effects of acupuncture treatment and nNOS-PSD-95 complex on abnormal infrared thermal imaging features in depression model rats using infrared thermography.
Fifty SPF grade SD rats were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups, including normal group, model group (intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mg·kg-1·d-1of reserpine), acupuncture group, ZL006 group. There were 9 rats in the normal group and model group, and 8 rats in each of the remaining groups. The changes in body weight and anal temperature were observed. Open field test, sucrose preference test and forced swimming test were applied to observe depression like behaviors. The mechanical pain threshold measurement and head scratching frequency detection were used to observe thee pain behaviors. After intervention, infrared thermal imaging device was used to observe the characteristics of infrared thermal imaging of the rats. Enzyme linked ELISA was used to detect the expression levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in each group, nitrate reductase method was used to detect the expression levels of nitric oxide (NO), and Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) content.
There were no significant differences in body weight, anal temperature or behavior among the groups before intervention (P>0.05). After intervention, compared with those of the normal group, the weight of the remaining groups decreased (P<0.001), and the anal temperature of the model group and ZL006 group decreased (P<0.01, P<0.001). Compared with those in the model group, the anal temperature in the acupuncture group significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the acupuncture group and Zl006 group improved depressive like behavior (P<0.05, P<0.001) and pain behavior (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001), down-regulated the expression levels of NO in the hippocampal CA3 region (P<0.01), up-regulated BDNF expression levels（P<0.001）and up-regulated the expression level of 5-HT in the hippocampal CA3 region in the acupuncture group（P<0.01）. Infrared thermal imaging showed that after intervention，compared with those of the normal group，the mean head temperature，the mean trunk temperature and the minimum tail temperature of the model group decreased（P<0.05，P<0.01），the mean temperature difference（△T）between “Fengchi（GB20？）” and “Yangbai（GB14）” increased（P<0.01，P<0.001），and the △T of “Shenshu（BL23）” decreased（P<0.05）. Compared with those of the model group，the mean trunk temperature and the minimum tail temperature at the tail root of the acupuncture group and ZL006 group increased（P<0.05，P<0.01），the △T of Shaoyang，“Fengchi（GB20）” and “Yangbai（GB14）” decreased（P<0.01，P<0.001），and the △T of “Shenshu（BL23）” increased in the acupuncture group（P<0.01）.
Infrared thermal imaging of depression model rats shows the “cold phenomenon” of relatively low temperature at the overall and “Shenshu（BL23）” on the body surface，while the partial Shaoyang meridian points on the head are relatively high temperature. Acupuncture may regulate the “cold phenomenon” and participate in the antidepressant effects by regulating the Shaoyang pivot，and nNOS-PSD-95 complex may affect Shaoyang pivot function.
Xiaobanxia Decoction (小半夏汤) is a classic prescription for the treatment of “vomiting” in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber written by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is often used clinically to treat vomiting of various syndromes. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most common and unbearable adverse reactions in the cancer patients after chemotherapy. By searching the relevant literature on the clinical research, pharmacology and animal experimental research of Xiaobanxia Decoction in the treatment of CINV, the research group has found that both clinical research and experimental research can prove its good efficacy in the treatment of CINV. The clinical observation has found that Xiaobanxia Decoction often alone or combined with western medicine or combined with acupuncture, acupoint application and other traditional Chinese medicine treatments can effectively treat CINV, and the toxic and side effects are few, and the patients are easy to accept. The experimental study has found that the mechanism of Xiaobanxia Decoction in the treatment of CINV is mainly related to its regulation of inflammatory factors, regulating multiple neurotransmitter systems and gastrointestinal motility function, induction of apoptosis and so on. This paper discussed the treatment of CINV with Xiaobanxia Decoction from three aspects: theoretical research, clinical experiment and mechanism of action. The purpose of this paper was to study the progress of Xiaobanxia Decoction in the treatment of CINV, so as to provide more scientific basis and reference for clinical treatment.
Pharmacotoxicological and pharmacodynamic studies on Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and its different concoctions.
The acute toxicity test was conducted in C57BL/J mice to determine the LD50of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and different concoctions to determine the safe dose range, and at the same time, the toxicity effects were evaluated from various perspectives, such as general physiological state, blood biochemical indexes and histomorphological changes of important organs. The rat model of foot and metatarsal inflammation induced by the injection of carrageenan gum was prepared, and its anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were compared with those of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and different concoctions. It measured the mechanical pain threshold, plantar swelling and the serum levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to compare the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
The LD50value of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) was increased after concoction, and the safety window became larger. The results of blood biochemical indices showed that after the administration of different concoctions of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix), the liver enzyme indices [the levels of alanine ami notransferase (ALT), glutathione aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CKMB) and total protein (TP)] in the blood of mice were elevated. Compared with that of the raw Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) group, the toxicity was reduced in the low dose Hezi (Chebulae Fructus)-processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) group and processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia group, but the toxicity was still present in the high dose group. The toxic effects of different concoctions of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) on the lungs, kidneys, heart, testes and ovaries were obvious. Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and its concoctions significantly increased the mechanical pain threshold and decreased the degree of foot swelling induced by carrageenan as well as the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α when compared with the carrageenan model group.
The processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) was verified through acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory analgesic efficacy experiments, confirming the theory that processing reduces the toxicity while preserving the efficacy. The results effectively mitigated the toxicity of Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) and significantly improved the carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling inflammation model. The processed Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix) achieved the desired effect of reducing the toxicity while preserving the efficacy.
Rougui (Cinnamomum cassia Presl), belonging to the genus Cinnamomum of the Lauraceae family, is an evergreen tree. And its bark, branches, leaves and seeds contain abundant volatile oil components, which are the main bioactive substances of Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) and have been widely used in medicine. However, the composition of volatile oils is complex, and the quality of Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) is influenced by various factors such as species, environment, growth years, processing technology and storage methods, which poses a huge challenge to the quality control of Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex). The quality fluctuation of the medicinal material directly affects the safety and efficacy of clinical medication. Therefore, establishing a quality control system that can comprehensively reflect the dynamic changes of the components of Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) is a necessary means to ensure the clinical application of Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex). This paper reviewed the recent quality control methods for Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex), including gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), direct analysis in real time (DART), DNA molecular identification and other detection technologies. These methods can provide references and basis for the quality control and evaluation of Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex), contributing to its stable, safe and effective development.
As one of the local medicinal herbs in Henan Province, the fresh product of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) has the function of clearing heat and generating fluids, cooling blood and stopping bleeding. The raw product has the effect of clearing heat and cooling blood, nourishing Yin and generating fluids and the processed product has the function of replenishing blood and nourishing Yin and benefiting the essence and filling in the marrow. Currently, there is a single method for quality evaluation of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), therefore, based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory that “the raw product is especially good”, “combination of raw and processed products”, the studies on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) before and after processing were summarized. Combined with the quality marker (Q-Marker) prediction analysis from the aspects of plant affinity and chemical constituents, traditional efficacy and clinical compatibility, traditional medicinal properties and material basis, concoction method and auxiliary material differences, blood components and pharmacokinetics, dihuangoside A, mauritiana glycoside, catalpol, stachyose, quercetin, baicalein, sanguinarol, polysaccharide, hesperidin, digitonin and dihuangoside D can be regarded as the most important chemical constituents in the traditional Chinese medicine, which can be used for the quality evaluation of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), with the aim of providing a reference for the quality control study of Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), the guidance of clinical use and the development of new drugs.
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic non-specific inflammatory disease of the intestinal tract with abdominal pain, mucopurulent bloody stools, acute and severe symptoms as the main clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex and has not been clarified. Western medicine treatment mainly controls the symptoms and lacks specific drugs. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Huangqin (Scutellaria Radix) is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, which has the effects of clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire and detoxifying, stopping bleeding and tranquilizing the fetus. Current research has found that Huangqin (Scutellaria Radix) with classical Chinese medicine formulas have significant therapeutic effects. Therefore, this article described the mechanisms of Huangqin (Scutellaria Radix)-related traditional Chinese medicinal formulas by regulating intestinal flora, repairing intestinal mucosa, regulating immunity and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, in the hope of providing ideas and references for the use of medication in ulcerative colitis and subsequent research.
Xiakucao (Prunellae Spica) is the dry ear of Xiakucao (Prunella vulgaris L.), and has the effect of clearing liver and reducing fire, brightening eyes, dispersing knot and reliving swelling. Modern pharmacological studies show that the active ingredients in Xiakucao (Prunellae Spica) can effectively inhibit tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, induce apoptosis and autophagy, block cell cycle and signaling, but also can improve the body immunity. For different types of tumors, it shows significant antagonistic effect, and has multiple components, multiple target and multi-pathway treatment advantages. This paper systematically reviewed the anti-tumor active components and their mechanism of action, and aimed to provide a powerful reference basis for further research and new drug development in the field of anti-tumor.
Herpes zoster (HZ) is an acute infectious disease caused by the neurotropic varicella-zoster virus (VZV), characterized primarily by acute-phase pruritus and postherpetic neuralgia. Upon infecting the human body, VZV initially triggers an inflammatory response, making therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory cytokines an important option in clinical treatment. Current clinical treatments for herpes zoster mainly include immunomodulation, antiviral therapy and analgesic management. However, these approaches often face challenges such as poor patient tolerance, numerous contraindications and severe side effects. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating herpes zoster, with mild residual symptoms and fewer side effects. This review systematically summarized the mechanisms of inflammatory cytokines in herpes zoster and the current status of TCM research, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and research direction for TCM-based treatments targeting inflammatory cytokines in herpes zoster.
To observe the clinical efficacy of Xiaomudan Granules (消木丹颗粒) combined with polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its effect on intestinal bacterial colony count.
A total of 106 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (March 2016 to February 2017) were selected from the hospital and randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group, with 53 patients in each group. The control group took polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules orally, while the treatment group received Xiaomudan Granules in addition to polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. The changes in clinical symptoms, liver function, blood lipids and gut bacterial colony count were compared between two groups.
The total effective rate of the clinical symptoms in the treatment group was 88.68% (47/53), which was higher than that in the control group [73.58% (39/53), P<0.05]. After treatment, the TCM syndrome scores of both groups decreased compared to those before treatment, and the scores of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the liver function levels of both groups decreased compared to those before treatment, and the indicator levels of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C in both groups decreased compared to those before treatment, while the HDL-C level increased. The improvement in the treatment group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). The improvement of gut microbiota in the treatment group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05).
The combination of Xiaomudan Granules and polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules has significant therapeutic effects in improving clinical symptoms, liver function and blood lipids, and regulating intestinal bacterial colony count in the patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
To observe the effect of liver-soothing and spirit-regulating acupuncture combined with acupuncture bloodletting in the treatment of migraines with liver-Yang hyperactivity in order to seek the effective treatment for the patients.
A total of 156 migraine patients with liver-Yang hyperactivity syndrome (admitted from June 2021 to June 2023) were divided into two groups by random number table method, which were divided into Western medicine group and acupuncture group, with 78 cases in each group. All patients in the Western group were treated with Western medicine (Rizatriptan Benzoate Tablet). All patients in the acupuncture group were treated with liver-soothing and spirit-regulating acupuncture combined with acupuncture bloodletting. The data of each group was compared, including the clinical efficacy, the adverse reactions, the changes in scores of TCM symptoms (headache and distension, flushed face, restless sleep, irritability, etc.) before and after treatment, the frequency of headache attacks and duration of each headache in the patients 1 week before and 1 week after treatment, the changes in average blood flow velocity of patients' anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries before and after treatment, the migraine-specific quality of life questionnaire [(Medical Research Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ)] and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and the recurrence rate at 6 months after treatment.
The total effective rate of the acupuncture group was higher than that of the Western medicine group (P<0.05). The disease recurrence rate in the acupuncture group was lower than that in the western medicine group 6 months after treatment (P<0.05). The adverse reaction rate of the acupuncture group was lower than that of the Western medicine group (P<0.05). The frequency of headache attack, the duration of each headache, the symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine before treatment (swollen headache, red face, restless sleep, irritability, etc.), the average blood flow velocity of anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries, MSQ and PSQI scores were not significant (P>0.05). One week after treatment, the frequency of headache attack and the duration of each headache decreased in both groups, and the frequency of headache attack and the duration of each headache in acupuncture group were lower than those in western medicine group (P<0.05). After treatment, TCM symptoms (headache and distension, flushed face, restless sleep, irritability, etc.), average blood flow velocity of anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries, MSQ and PSQI scores were improved in both groups. After treatment, TCM symptoms (headache and distension, flushed face, restless sleep, irritability, etc.), average blood flow velocity of anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries, MSQ and PSQI scores in the acupuncture group were all better than those in the western medicine group (P<0.05).
The clinical effect of liver-soothing and spirit-regulating acupuncture combined with acupuncture bloodletting in the treatment of migraines with liver-Yang hyperactivity is remarkable. The headache of the patients is significantly improved, the quality of life is improved, the adverse reaction rate and recurrence rate are low, and the treatment is safe and reliable.
To explore the effects of Modified Sijunzi Decoction (四君子汤加减) on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor, serum inflammation and brain-gut peptide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
A total of 122 IBS patients were randomly divided into Sijunzi Decoction group and control group (61 cases in each group). Both groups were treated with western medicine, and the Sijunzi Decoction group was treated with Modified Sijunzi Decoction on the basis of western medicine and the treatment time was 28 d. The changes of TCM syndrome integral, 5-HT receptor mRNA of intestinal mucosa, serum inflammation and brain-gut peptide were observed.
There was no statistically significant difference in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, both groups had a decrease in scores (P<0.05), and the score of the Sijunzi Decoction group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of 5-HT receptors between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After a period of treatment, both groups showed a decrease (P<0.05), and level of the Sijunzi Decoction group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in serum inflammatory cytokine levels between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) all decreased after treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of the Sijunzi Decoction group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05), while IL-10 was higher than before treatment (P<0.05), and the level of the Sijunzi Decoction group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in brain gut peptide levels between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the levels of vasoactine intrestinal peptide (VIP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and 5-HT in both groups decreased compared to those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of the Sijunzi Decoction group was lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels all increased (P<0.05), and the level of the Sijunzi Decoction group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rates of the Sijunzi Decoction group and the control group were 91.80% (56/61) and 75.41% (46/61), respectively, with statistical differences (P<0.05) between the two groups.
Sijunzi Decoction can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and improve the efficacy of IBS. The mechanism may be related to regulating the expression of 5-HT receptor in intestinal mucosa, improving the level of brain-intestinal peptide, and inhibiting inflammatory response.
To study the effect of Modified Shoutai Pill (寿胎丸加味) in adjuvant treatment of the patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and its effect on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) and interleukin-17 (IL-17).
Ninety-six patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion treated in the hospital from January 2023 to March 2024 were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table method, 48 patients in each group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine, and the observation group was treated with Modified Shoutai Pill on the basis of the control group until 12 weeks of pregnancy. The efficacy, changes of TCM syndrome scores, serum levels of VEGF, sFLT-1 and IL-17, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.
The cure rate of the observation group was 87.50% (42/48), was higher than that of the control group 70.83% (34/48) (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of mental fatigue and limb soft, cold limbs, dizziness, tinnitus and frequent nocturia in the two groups were significantly decreased, and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum VEGF in the two groups were significantly increased, and the levels of sFLT-1 and IL-17 were significantly decreased. The level of serum VEGF in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the levels of sFLT-1 and IL-17 were lower than those in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). No serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups.
The effect of Modified Shoutai Pill in adjuvant treatment of the patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion is satisfactory. It can effectively regulate the serum inflammatory factors and the vascular endothelial related factors, promote the relief of the symptoms, and ensure the safety of pregnancy.
To investigate the determination of seven active ingredients in Pudilan Anti-Inflammatory Tablets (蒲地蓝消炎片) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method.
UPLC-MS was used to quantitatively analyze the seven main active ingredients in Pudilan Anti-Inflammatory Tablets. The differences in the contents of these active ingredients in the samples of Pudilan Anti-Inflammatory Tablets from different manufacturers were compared, aiming to provide scientific basis for the quality evaluation of Pudilan Anti-Inflammatory Tablets.
A certain amount of standard solution stock solution for each active ingredient was accurately measured and transferred to a 5 mL volumetric flask. According to the established chromatographic analysis conditions, the measurement results were obtained in the form of peak area. The peak area data was applied to the corresponding standard curve equations for calculation and recording. The results indicated that within the studied concentration range, there was a good linear correlation between the peak area of each active ingredient and its mass concentration. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of precision in different active ingredients (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, chicory acid, purple violet spirit, baicalin, luteolin and baicalin in the same order of stability, reproducibility and recovery rate) were 0.99%, 0.31%, 1.20%, 1.47%, 1.31%, 1.29% and 0.33%, respectively. The RSD values of chromatographic peak area were all less than 1.46%, indicating that the instrument had good precision. After recording peak areas at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 h to evaluate stability, the RSD values of different active ingredients in Pudilan Anti-Inflammatory Tablets were 1.14%, 0.10%, 0.84%, 0.53%, 0.46%, 0.66% and 0.84%, respectively, indicating that the stability of the test solution was better within 24 hours. The peak area was measured to evaluate the repeatability, and the RSD values of different active ingredients in Pudilan Anti-Inflammatory Tablets were 1.28%, 1.75%, 1.43%, 1.04%, 2.39%, 0.93% and 2.61%, respectively, indicating that UPLC-MS/MS technology had good repeatability. The average RSD recovery rates of the active ingredients were 99.53% (RSD 2.38%), 100.63% (RSD 2.27%), 98.95% (RSD 2.29%), 101.58% (RSD 1.38%), 100.95% (RSD 2.25%), 97.26% (RSD 0.91%) and 98.56% (RSD 1.92%), respectively. There were significant differences in various effective ingredients in samples of Pudilan Anti-Inflammatory Tablets from different manufacturers.
UPLC-MS technology, with its excellent precision, stability and repeatability, can comprehensively reveal the quality status of Pudilan Anti-Inflammatory Tablets from different batches and manufacturers. This method has important positive effects on objectively evaluating drug quality, ensuring the drug quality and improving the clinical efficacy.
Based on the theory of “dampness-heat and blood stasis obstruction” in traditional Chinese medicine, to investigate the improvement of blood supply of the lower limbs of the patients with diabetic foot combined with lower limb arterial occlusive disease and the effect on the healing of ulcerated surfaces by Mailuo Shutong Pill (脉络舒通丸).
One hundred and twenty patients with diabetic foot combined with lower limb arterial occlusive disease who were treated in Harbin First Hospital from July 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the study subjects, and were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group with 60 cases in each group. The control group received conventional western medical treatment, and the treatment group added Mailuo Shutong Pill on the basis of the control group. The treatment effects, blood glucose levels [fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG)], glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, lipid levels [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)], blood flow in the foot, sensory nerve conduction velocities and changes in the trauma area before and after the treatment in both groups were compared.
The total effective rate of the treatment group was 96.67% (58/60), which was significantly higher than that (83.33%, 50/60) of the control group (χ2=5.926, P<0.05). The levels of FPG, 2 h PG, HbA1c, TC, TG and LDL-C decreased and HDL-C levels increased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), but the differences in blood glucose and lipid indexes between the two groups before and after treatment were not statistically significant. (P>0.05). After treatment, the internal diameter of the lumen of the dorsalis pedis artery increased, the blood flow increased, the peak arterial blood flow decreased in both groups, and the improvement of the treatment group was better than that of the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of the sural nerve increased and the foot trauma area decreased in both groups, and the improvement of the treatment group was better than that of the control group (P<0.05). There was no apparentt difference in rate of adverse events between the treatment group and the control group (P>0.05).
Mailuo Shutong Pill can significantly improve the treatment efficiency of the patients with diabetic foot combined with lower limb arterial occlusive disease, relieve the lower limb circulatory disorders, promote the restoration of nerve conduction velocity and wound healing, and has a good safety profile.
To observe the therapeutic efficacy of the addition and subtraction of Modified Tongdu Huoxue Decoction (通督活血汤加减) and the conservative protocol of electroacupuncture intervertebral foraminal stimulation in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.
A total of 108 patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis admitted from January 2023 to October 2024 were prospectively selected and randomly divided into two groups using envelope method. Both groups were given celecoxib capsules and conventional Tuina treatment, the electrical stimulation group was combined with electroacupuncture intervertebral foraminal stimulation on its basis, and the comprehensive group was treated with Modified Tongdu Huoxue Decoction with electroacupuncture intervertebral foraminal stimulation on its basis. The TCM symptom scores, the changes of visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were assessed in the two groups, and the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), lumbar lordosis, Cobb angle and intervertebral space and blood rheology changes were observed. And painfree walking distance and incidence of adverse reactions were analyzed.
Comparing with those before treatment, there was no difference in TCM symptom scores, VAS scores, ODI scores or pain-free walking distance of the two groups after treatment (P>0.05). TCM symptom scores, VAS scores and ODI scores were lower in both groups, and lower in the comprehensive group after treatment (P<0.05). The pain-free walking distance was elevated in both groups, and higher in the comprehensive group (P<0.05) after treatment. Comparing with those before treatment, there was no difference in SIRT1, IL-1β, TNF-α or MCP-1 of the two groups after treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, SIRT1 was elevated in both groups, and was higher in the comprehensive group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and MCP-1 were lower in both groups, and were lower in the comprehensive group after treatment (P<0.05). Comparing with those before treatment, there was no difference in lumbar lordosis Cobb angle or intervertebral space height of the two groups after treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, the lumbar anterior convex Cobb angle and intervertebral space height of the two groups were elevated, and higher in the comprehensive group (P<0.05). Comparing with those before treatment, there was no difference in blood rheology of the two groups after treatment (P>0.05). Comparing with those before treatment, hematocrit, fibrinogen, plasma viscosity and whole blood high cut viscosity were lower in the two groups, and lower in the comprehensive group (P<0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of total adverse reactions such as gastrointestinal reactions, skin injury, malaise and rash between the two groups (P>0.05).
The treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis with a conservative regimen of Modified Tongdu Huoxue Decoction and electroacupuncture intervertebral foraminal stimulation reduces pain, improves blood rheology and reduces inflammatory stimuli.
To explore the efficacy of Xiaoqinglong Decoction (小青龙汤) combined with inhalation salmeteroticasone in the treatment of children with cold asthma combined with allergic rhinitis and the effects on TCM syndromes, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and lung function.
A total of 61 children with cold asthma combined with allergic rhinitis in the hospital from June 2022 to September 2023 were prospectively selected and divided into two groups according to random number table method, 30 patients in the control group were given conventional salmeterol ticasone treatment, and 31 patients in the observation group were given Xiaoqinglong Decoction combined with salmeterol ticasone treatment for 3 months. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared. The total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), childhood asthma control test (C-ACT), FeNO and TCM syndrome scores were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) at the predicted value percentage were compared between the two groups. The adverse reactions in both groups were observed.
The observation group demonstrated a significantly higher total progress rate compared to the control group after treatment. Additionally, the TCM syndrome scores for nasal congestion, sneezing, wheezing and cough were lower in the observation group than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, both groups experienced a decrease in TNSS scores and an increase in C-ACT levels. The observation group had a lower TNSS score and a higher C-ACT level than the control group. Furthermore, the observation group exhibited higher values for FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and PEF, and a lower FeNO level compared to the control group (P<0.05). The overall incidence rate was lower in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05).
Xiaoqinglong Decoction combined with inhalation salmeterol ticasone has a significant effect on the treatment of cold asthma combined with allergic rhinitis, improving lung function, reducing inflammation and reducing adverse reactions.
In the progression of pneumonia and lung cancer, the imbalance of energy metabolism and immune function gradually reveals significant pathological roles. The research indicates that under chronic inflammatory conditions, inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are released in large quantities, impairing the functions of T cells and macrophages. This triggers metabolic reprogramming, shifting immune cells from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, leading to an imbalance in energy supply and demand. Additionally, cancerous cells exploit the Warburg effect, preferentially utilizing glycolysis for rapid energy production. They also secrete lactate to modify the microenvironment, suppressing the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T cells. The interplay between metabolic and immune dysfunction significantly increases the risk of carcinogenesis under inflammatory conditions. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the concept of “spleen (earth) supporting lung (metal) ” emphasizes the role of spleen in governing transportation and transformation to nourish lung and strengthen lung Qi, thereby enhancing resistance to external pathogens. However, in pathological states, spleen deficiency leads to “earth failing to generate metal”, characterized by impaired spleen function and a lack of nourishment to lung. Modern studies corroborate this perspective, showing that in inflammatory environments, immune cell metabolic dysfunction is exacerbated, while cancerous cells favor high-energy metabolic pathways to meet their growth demands. Furthermore, the interaction between metabolic reprogramming and immune dysregulation is a critical mechanism underlying the transformation of pneumonia into lung cancer. This paper focused on the “metabolism-immune interaction” to deeply explore the manifestations of the “earth failing to generate metal” pathogenesis in the transformation from pneumonia to lung cancer. By analyzing the pathological mechanisms from the perspectives of energy metabolism abnormalities and immune dysfunction, and integrating TCM theories with modern research findings, it aimed to provide novel theoretical foundations and intervention strategies for preventing and managing pneumonia-to-lung cancer transformation. Regulating the balance between metabolism and immunity and adopting the TCM approach of “strengthening earth to support metal” may help delay the progression from pneumonia to carcinogenesis, improve the patients' quality of life, and highlight the unique advantages of TCM in treatment.
To investigate the effects of ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoablation combined with modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction (补中益气汤) and Guizhi Fuling Pills (桂枝茯苓丸) on serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free prostate-specific antigen (F-PSA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with prostate cancer.
A total of 110 prostate cancer patients with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome admitted to our hospital from February 2022 to January 2023 were retrospectively enrolled and divided into control group and study group with 55 cases in each group according to odd and even admission numbers. The control group received ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoablation alone, while the study group was treated with oral modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction and Guizhi Fuling Pills for 3 months on the basis of cryoablation. Fasting venous blood was collected before treatment and at 1, 3 and 9 months after treatment. ELISA were used to detect serum tPSA, F-PSA and VEGF levels, and TCM syndrome scores were evaluated simultaneously.
There were no significant differences in serum tPSA, F-PSA and VEGF between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). No intergroup differences of the three indexes were observed at 1 and 3 months after treatment (P>0.05). At 9 months after treatment, the serum tPSA and F-PSA levels of the study group were lower than those of the control group, and the TCM syndrome scores were significantly improved (all P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in VEGF levels between the two groups at all followup time points (P>0.05).
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoablation combined with modified Buzhong Yiqi Decoction and Guizhi Fuling Pills can effectively reduce long-term serum tPSA and F-PSA levels and improve TCM syndromes in prostate cancer patients, while it has no obvious regulatory effect on serum VEGF.
To explore the regulatory effect of Modified Ditan Decoction (涤痰汤加减) on brain neurotransmitters in elderly dementia patients with phlegm-turbidity obstructing orifices type.
A total of 122 elderly dementia patients in the hospital from January 2021 to December 2024 divided into control group (61 cases) and an observation group (61 cases) according to the medication plan. The control group took orally donepezil hydrochloride tablets and vitamin E soft capsules, while the observation group Modified Ditan Decoction on the basis of control group. Two groups were evaluated for 12 weeks of treatment. It compared the therapeutic effects of two groups, the changes in cognitive function, daily living ability, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome, brain neurotransmitters and quality of life before and after treatment and safety evaluation.
The effective rate of the observation group (91.80%) was higher than that of the control group (77.05%) (P<0.05). After treatment, Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-cognitive (ADAS-cog) score [(19.86±3.78) points] of the observation group was lower that of the control group [(28.74±4.69) points], while the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score [(23.42±2.14) points] and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score [(23.19±2.45) points] were higher than those of the control group [(20.16±2.53) points and (20.08±2.76) points] (P<0.05). After treatment, activity daily living (ADL) score of the observation group [(64.52±6.84) points] was higher than that of the control group [(56.79±7.17) points], while the TCM syndrome score [(7.74±2.13) points] was lower than that of the control group [13.28±2.97) points] (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of dopamine (DA) [(245.13±29.47) pg/mL], acetylcholine (ACh) [(323.15±35.47) pmol/mL] and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) [(169.35±16.54) pg/mL] of the observation group were higher than those of the control group [(210.35±26.52) pg/mL, (282.56±26.26) pmol/mL and (145.29±14.67) pg/mL] (P<0.05). After treatment, interpersonal environment score [(12.38±2.43) points], physiological function score [(10.07±1.56) points], psychological state score [(9.42±1.43) points] and behavioral ability score [(9.86±1.63) points] of the observation groupwere higher than those of the control group [(9.97±2.31) points, (8.32±1.42) points, (7.48±1.56) points and (7.94±1.54) points] (P<0.05). Neither group experienced significant adverse reactions.
Modified Ditan Decoction has a good therapeutic effect on the elderly dementia patients with phlegm-turbidity obstructing orifices type, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of brain neurotransmitter levels, which has important clinical research value.
It explored the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for chronic heart failure (CHF) based on the theory of “Yin and Yang Link Vessels”. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the key pathogenesis of CHF involves an imbalance of Qi, blood, Yin and Yang, leading to a pathological pattern of root deficiency and excess manifestations characterized by the intermingling of deficiency, blood stasis and fluid retention. Building upon existing CHF theories (e.g., Qi deficiency with blood stasis, Yang deficiency with water overflow and heart-kidney Yang deficiency), this study further proposed that the disharmony of the Yin and Yang Link Vessels was a critical pathogenic mechanism. Accordingly, a “harmonizing the link vessels and unblocking collaterals” therapeutic model was established, employing a comprehensive treatment approach that included boosting Qi and warming Yang, activating blood circulation and unblocking collaterals, and resolving fluid retention and promoting diuresis, with an emphasis on individualized and dynamic pattern differentiation. This theory provides novel insights for TCM diagnosis and treatment of CHF, expands the application of TCM theories in cardiovascular diseases, and holds significant clinical value.
To investigate the clinical effect and safety of Dongyuan Qingshu Yiqi Decoction (东垣清暑益气汤) in treating senile asthenia syndrome of spleen deficiency and phlegm-dampness type.
A total of 120 patients with senile asthenic syndrome of spleen deficiency and phlegm-dampness type admitted to the Department of Geriatrics of Qingdao Haici Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University from January 2022 to November 2024 were divided into two groups by random number table method. The control group (60 cases) received treatment of basic diseases, rehabilitation exercise and nutrition intervention, health education and oral enteral nutrition of whole protein type. The treatment group (60 cases) was combined with Dongyuan Qingshu Yiqi Decoction on the basis of the treatment of the control group. The course of treatment of both groups was 8 weeks. The clinical data of the two groups was compared, including the clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, total scores of TCM symptoms, grip strength, walking speed, Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), five times sit to stand (FTSS), body mass index (BMI) and inflammatory burden index (IBI), immune markers such as CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, mini mental state examination (MMSE), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), activity of daily living (ADL) score and mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) score.
The effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). No serious adverse reactions were observed in both groups. After treatment, the total scores of TCM syndromes, Fried asthenic syndrome scale scores, grip strength and walking speed, the results of TUG, FTSS, BMI, IBI, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, MMSE, PSQI, ADL and MNA in the observation group were all better than those in the control group (P<0.05).
The clinical effect of Dongyuan Qingshu Yiqi Decoction on senile asthenia syndrome of spleen deficiency and phlegm-dampness is good, safe and reliable.
This consensus document addresses the incidence patterns of endometrial cancer and the urgent need for fertility preservation. Drawing on global clinical guidelines, cutting-edge research findings and traditional Chinese medicine therapeutic expertise, it establishes a coordinated treatment protocol that integrates both Western and traditional Chinese medical approaches. The guidelines are designed to support fertility-preserving patients with endometrial cancer. Medical institutions are encouraged to adapt and implement these recommendations based on their specific clinical contexts.
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