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Outline
Pine plant polysaccharides（PPPS）have complex structural characteristics and various biological activities，such as immune regulation，anti-tumor，anti-oxidation and regulation of blood glucose. More and more studies have shown that polysaccharides are one of the main active ingredients of pine plants and play an indispensable role in the medicinal value of pine plants. In recentyears，a large number of studies have been carried outon PPPS，including the extraction，separation，structural identification and activity research of PPPS. However，at present，the research on PPPS is not deep enough. The structure of polysaccharides is only preliminarily analyzed. The crude polysaccharides are used in the study of activity，and only simple efficacy evaluation is made. The specific mechanism of action and the structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides are not clear. At present，the extraction of PPPSmainly uses hot water extraction，ultrasonic assisted extraction，microwave assisted extraction，enzyme assisted extraction and other processes. In terms of purificationmethods，anion exchange chromatography and dextran gel chromatography were mainly used. In the aspect of chemical structure analysis，the molecular weight，monosaccharide composition and proportion，connection mode and so on were mainly studied. In terms of biological activity，the activities of immune regulation，anti-virus and anti-tumor were studied. This paper summarized the research data in this field in the past ten years aswell as the research background，extraction，purification，structural characteristics and biological activity of PPPS，in order to provide some research prospects for the study of PPPS.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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