To explore the effect of Xiagu Xiaoying Prescription（夏菇消瘿方）combined with Chinese medicine on benign simple thyroid nodules.

A total of102 patientswith benign simple thyroid nodules admitted from January 2022 to June 2023 were included and divided into control group and traditional Chinese medicine group by random number table method，with 51 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated orally with levothyroxine sodium tablets，and those in the traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）group were treated with Xiagu Xiaoying Prescription and external application of Chinese medicine for 8 weeks on the basis of medication in the control group. During the treatment，4 cases fell off in control group and 3 cases fell off in TCM group. The data of each group was observed，including the clinical therapeutic effect，TCM symptom integral（palpable lump in front of the neck，discomfort in the neck，difficulty breathing，foreign body sensation in the throat，soft and painless mass，emotional depression）before and after treatment，thyroid volume and thyroid nodule diameter change before and after treatment，the levels of thyroid stimulating hormones［thyroid stimulating hormone（TSH），free thyroxine（FT4），free triiodothyronine（FT3）］and other thyroid function indexes and adverse reactions.

The total effective rate of the TCM group（95.83%）was obvious higher than that of the control group（82.98%）（P<0.05）. Before treatment，TCM syndrome scores（palpable lump in front of the neck，discomfort in the neck，difficulty breathing，foreign body sensation in the throat，soft and painless mass，emotional depression），thyroid volume and maximum diameter of thyroid nodule were not significant between two groups（P<0.05）. After treatment，TCM syndrome scores（palpable lump in front of the neck，discomfort in the neck，difficulty breathing，foreign body sensation in the throat，soft and painless mass，emotional depression）of patients in tow groups decreased significantly，and thyroid volume and maximum diameter indexes of thyroid nodule decreased significantly. These indicators in the TCM group were all lower than those of the control（P<0.05）. There were no significant differences in thyroid function indexes（TSH，FT4 and FT3）among two groups after treatment（P>0.05）. The total adverse reaction rate of the TCM group（2.08%）was lower than that of the control group（14.89%）（P<0.05）.

Xiagu Xiaoying Prescription combined with Chinese medicine external application in the treatment of benign simple thyroid nodules can significantly relieve the symptoms，significantly reduce the nodules，the recovery is good，and the treatment of adverse reactions are less. The treatment method is safe and reliable，worthy of application.