To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HIV-infected cases among farmers in Guizhou Province and provide a scientific basis for formulating AIDS prevention and control strategies.

The data of AIDS cases reported among farmers in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2022 were selected from the Chinese AIDS Comprehensive Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics, and a linear regression model was constructed with the year as the independent variable and the number of cases as the dependent variable to analyze the changing trend.

From 2010 to 2022, 47 811 HIV/AIDS cases were reported among farmers in Guizhou Province, accounting for 60.40% of the total number of cases. The number of reported cases showed an upward trend (AAPC=23.10%). The male-to-female ratio of the cases was 2:1. The majority of the cases were over 50 years old (56.55%),and the number of cases in each age group showed an overall upward trend. The main mode of transmission was heterosexual transmission (97.74%), and non-commercial heterosexual intercourse was the main mode for both males (49.01%) and females (61.50%). The samples were mainly sourced from medical institution tests (76.56%), and the proportion of late detection was 74.97%.

From 2010 to 2022, the number of reported HIV/AIDS cases among farmers in Guizhou Province showed an upward trend. The cases were mainly elderly, with a high proportion of late detection, relatively low educational levels, and heterosexual contact was the main mode of transmission, mainly non-commercial heterosexual intercourse. Attention should be paid to the HIV epidemic among farmers, and AIDS prevention and control strategies targeting farmers need to be explored according to the characteristics of this population.

To analyze the malaria disease burden and trends in China from 1990 to 2021, providing a feasibility basis for malaria prevention and control strategies in the context of globalization.

Based on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2021) study data, we obtained malaria prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY),and their age-standardized rates in China from 1990 to 2021. The Join point model was used to analyze the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in malaria disease over the years.

In 1990, there were in total 292 387 malaria cases, 787 611 prevalent cases, and 997 deaths in all age groups in China, with an absolute number of DALY of 64 233. The age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates were 24.48/100 000, 66.10/100 000, 0.08/100 000, and 5.18/100 000, respectively. All age-standardized rates showed a significant downward trend from 1990 to 2021 (AAPC=-61.90%,-68.77%, -51.36%, and -66.25%, all P < 0.05). From 1990 to 2021, the number of cases, prevalence, and deaths among males were consistently higher than those among females, although the absolute number of DALY gradually fell below that of females over the years. In 1990, the highest malaria incidence was observed in the 15 to 49 age group (29.06/100 000), while the lowest was in the under-5 age group (9.08/100 000). The highest prevalence occurred in the 5 to 14 age group (89.90/100 000), and the lowest in those aged 70 and above (59.17/100 000). The mortality rate was highest in those aged 70 and above (0.09/100 000) and lowest in the under-5 age group (0.05/100 000), with a 100.00% reduction in all age group indicators from 1990 to 2021.

China has made significant achievements in malaria prevention and control, but attention must still be given to monitoring malaria in males and the elderly. Strengthening surveillance of imported cases is essential to prevent re- ransmission while improving domestic control efforts.

To analyze the research development trends of telemedicine applications in cardiovascular disease management in low- and middle-income countries based on bibliometric methods.

Research articles related to the application of telemedicine in cardiovascular disease management within middle-and low-income countries were retrieved from the Web of Science database, covering the period from January 1, 1998, to April 30, 2024. Using Excel, VOS viewer, and R software, we analyzed and visualized annual publication volume, regional research intensity, keywords, country citations, and conducted regional disparity and research topic analyses.

A total of 514 articles were included in the study. The number of publications on telemedicine in cardiovascular disease management in low- and middle-income countries showed an upward trend from 1998 to 2023, particularly experiencing rapid growth since 2012. China (21%), the United States (13%), and India (11%) ranked as the top three countries in terms of research output. Among 134 low- and middle-income countries, 57(43%) reported the application of telemedicine in cardiovascular disease management, with the highest research output from China, India, Brazil, Iran, and Bangladesh. The research primarily focused on upper-middle-income (50.3%) and lower-middle-income countries (40.9%). The technological applications were concentrated in disease risk factor control, screening, and diagnosis, covering all stages of prevention. The most commonly used tools included mobile applications and wearable electrocardiogram devices, which have increasingly incorporated machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence technologies in recent years. The target users of these technologies included the general public, patients, and healthcare service providers.

The volume of literature on telemedicine in cardiovascular disease management in low- and middle-income countries continues to grow, integrating into the entire management process of cardiovascular diseases in these regions.However, challenges such as the digital divide due to regional development disparities persist. There is an urgent need to promote the implementation of technology support and economic incentive policies, particularly in African countries, to establish an efficient, safe, and convenient digital cardiovascular disease management system.

To investigate the association between sedentary duration, physical activity, and male sperm quality.

Based on 1 578 semen samples from the Sichuan Human Sperm Bank, a linear regression model and restricted cubic spline analysis were employed to examine the linear and nonlinear associations of daily sedentary duration, weekly physical activity volume, and physical activity level with conventional semen parameters and sperm kinetic parameters.

Daily sedentary duration and weekly physical activity volume showed significant nonlinear associations with forward motility, immotility, and total motility (P <0.05). Additionally, weekly physical activity volume was significantly nonlinearly associated with average curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, average straight-line velocity, and average flagellar beat frequency (P < 0.05). Compared to the low activity group, the moderate and high activity groups had significant improvements in forward motility [% Change (95%CI): 4.302 (1.691-6.979), 2.816(0.227-5.472)], total motility [% Change (95%CI): 3.624 (1.227-6.079), 2.567 (0.179-5.012)], average curvilinear velocity [%Change (95%CI): 6.600 (3.021-10.304), 3.958 (0.446-7.594)], average path velocity [% Change (95%CI): 6.529 (2.987-10.193),4.012 (0.532-7.613)], and average straight-line velocity [% Change (95%CI): 5.992 (2.049-10.087), 4.221 (0.319-8.274)], with the moderate activity group showing more pronounced improvements.

Both insufficient and excessive daily sedentary duration are risk factors for male sperm quality, with insufficient sedentary duration potentially posing greater harm. Maintaining regular and moderate physical activity is beneficial for improving sperm quality.

To investigate the impact of serum vitamin C levels on metabolic syndrome in adults based on NHANES 2017-2018 data.

A total of 2 094 adults from the NHANES 2017-2018 dataset were included, with serum vitamin C levels as the primary exposure variable and metabolic syndrome, diagnosed according to the standards of the International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association, as the outcome variable. A multivariable logistic regression model was utilized to analyze the association between these variables, with subgroup analyses conducted for gender, age, and other factors.

The risk of metabolic syndrome decreased with increasing serum vitamin C levels (P _trend < 0.001). Compared to the lowest quartile of serum vitamin C levels (Q1), the highest quartile (Q4) exhibited a relatively lower risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.66, 95%CI:0.48-0.92). Subgroup analyses by gender and age indicated a more pronounced protective effect in women and individuals under 50 years of age; women in the highest serum vitamin C level group had a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (Q4 group: OR=0.42,95%CI: 0.28-0.63). Additionally, individuals under 50 years of age in the second and highest serum vitamin C level groups also had reduced risks of metabolic syndrome (Q3 group: OR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.25-0.68; Q4 group: OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.13-0.30).

This study suggests that higher serum vitamin C levels may be associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome in adults, with a more pronounced effect observed in women and individuals under 50 years of age.

To investigate the relationship between body roundness index (BRI) and sleep disorders.

Adults aged 20 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2015 to 2018 were selected as the research subjects. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between BRI and sleep disorders.Finally, subgroup analysis was performed to explore the association between BRI and sleep disorders in the population.

A total of 6 891 eligible participants were included in the study. After adjusting for confounders, there was a significant association between BRI and sleep disorders (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14, P=0.022). Subgroup analysis showed that BRI was significantly associated with sleep disorders in the population under 60 years old (OR=1.12), and the association was more significant among those who had never been married (OR=1.19), patients with hypertension (OR=1.12), and patients with diabetes (OR=1.18). Multiple imputation analysis confirmed the robustness of the results.

A higher BRI is positively correlated with sleep disorders. This result supplements the existing research, but large-scale prospective cohort studies are still needed for verification.

To analyze the characteristics of infectious disease outbreaks reported in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2023 in the “Public Health Emergency Management Information System” providing a basis for effective prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks in the province.

A descriptive analysis was conducted on infectious disease outbreaks reported in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2023, utilizing ArcGIS 10.5 and GeoDa 1.6 software to explore hotspot areas.

From 2004 to 2023, Gansu Province reported a total of 1 184 infectious disease outbreaks, with a total of 46 352 reported cases and an affected population of 2 616 380, resulting in an incidence rate of 1.77%. A total of 69 deaths were reported, yielding a case fatality rate of 0.15%. General-level events accounted for 1 173 cases (99.07%), while larger-scale events accounted for 11 cases (0.93%). The majority of reported events were caused by Category B infectious diseases, totaling 729 cases (61.57%). The top three reported diseases were chickenpox, mumps, and hand, foot, and mouth disease. Reports peaked in April to June and October to December, accounting for 49.9% and 38.3% of annual reports, respectively. Lanzhou city had the highest number of reported events at 339 (28.63%), with hotspot areas concentrated in Gaolan County, Yuzhong County, and Anning District. Outbreaks primarily occurred in primary schools (593 cases, 50.08%) and childcare institutions (179 cases, 15.12%).

From 2004 to 2023, the primary infectious disease outbreaks in Gansu Province were chickenpox, mumps, and hand, foot, and mouth disease, with peaks in April to June and October to December. It is essential to strengthen infectious disease prevention and control in hotspot areas, particularly in primary schools and childcare institutions.

To construct a risk prediction model for short-term poor prognosis in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and to explore the influencing factors of poor short-term prognosis in these patients, providing a basis for early prediction and intervention.

AECOPD patients admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine at Cangzhou People’s Hospital in Hebei Province from October 2020 to September 2021 were selected as the study subjects. After 90 days, patients were divided into case group (n=167) and control group (n=250) based on prognosis outcomes. Patient demographics, disease conditions, the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) were collected at different time points. Binary logistic regression was used for factor analysis, and a nomogram prediction model was established. The diagnostic efficacy and calibration of the nomogram model were evaluated using ROC curves and calibration curves, while DCA was used to assess clinical utility.

Multivariate analysis indicated that marital status (OR=2.111, 95%CI:1.076-4.141), severity of illness (OR=5.322, 95%CI: 2.908-9.740), history of frequent acute exacerbations (OR=8.217, 95%CI:4.569-14.778), nutritional risk (OR=2.463, 95%CI: 1.141-5.319), and PCT (OR=2.039, 95%CI: 1.116-3.727) were independent risk factors for poor short-term prognosis in AECOPD patients. The nomogram prediction model had an AUC of 0.894 (95%CI: 0.868-0.929), and the calibration curve demonstrated good consistency between predicted probabilities and actual outcomes, indicating high predictive accuracy.

The nomogram model can accurately identify the risk of poor short-term prognosis in AECOPD patients, providing a theoretical basis for personalized clinical management of AECOPD patients.

To explore the impact of the COVID -19 pandemic and the prevention and control measures on the epidemic trend of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Bao’an District, Shenzhen.

Based on the incidence data of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Bao’an District, Shenzhen from 2014 to 2019 (pre-pandemic) and from 2020 to 2022 (pandemic and “Class A Infectious Disease Management for Class B Infectious Diseases” period), counterfactual models were established respectively using the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to predict the incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease in 2020 to 2023 and 2023 (continuous epidemic and “Class B Infectious Disease Management” stage), followed by comparison with the actual incidence.

Compared with the predicted results, the actual incidence scale of hand, foot, and mouth disease from 2020 to 2022 decreased by 45.29% to 85.71%, and the characteristics of time distribution changed. The incidence of hand, foot, and mouth disease rebounded rapidly in 2023, and the annual incidence scale increased by 125.73% compared with the predicted value based on the “Class A Infectious Disease Management for Class B Infectious Diseases” period, but was lower than the predicted value based on the data before the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic and prevention and control measures significantly affected the epidemic trend of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Bao’an District, Shenzhen, reducing the incidence in the short term, but the lack of immune stimulation in the long term may lead to an increase in the incidence. It is recommended to continuously monitor the epidemic trend of hand, foot, and mouth disease, and especially strengthen vaccination when prevention and control measures are relaxed to protect public health.

To investigate the association between anxiety disorders and the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Caucasians.

This study was a prospective cohort study based on the UK Biobank database.Individuals who were not Caucasian, had missing racial information, had liver disease at baseline, had alcohol/drug use disorders or missing relevant diagnosis dates, or developed NAFLD within two years of follow-up were excluded, resulting in a total of 465 621 participants for analysis. The baseline survey conducted from 2006 to 2010 served as the starting point for follow-up, with NAFLD incidence, loss to follow-up, death, or end of follow-up as the endpoints. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the association between anxiety disorders and the risk of developing NAFLD.

The participants accumulated 6 058 222 person-years of follow-up, with a median follow-up time of 13.50 years. There were 5 184 cases of NAFLD, with an incidence density of 8.56 cases per 10 000 person-years. After adjusting for covariates, the risk of developing NAFLD in individuals with anxiety disorders was increased by 0.75 times compared to those without anxiety disorders (HR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.32-2.32).

Anxiety disorders are associated with an increased risk of developing NAFLD in Caucasians, highlighting the need for enhanced clinical monitoring and prevention of NAFLD in patients with anxiety disorders.

To investigate the impact of different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness on the occurrence of stroke.

This study was based on the Kailun cohort study, which included a total of 37 547 participants, followed up until December 31, 2019.Cardiorespiratory fitness (Estimated cardiorespiratory fitness, eCRF) was estimated using a non-exercise algorithm, and the average eCRF values from measurements taken in 2006, 2008, and 2010 were calculated, standardized, and grouped according to gender-specific tertiles. Cox regression models were employed to explore the relationship between varying levels of eCRF and the incidence of stroke and its subtypes.

During a median follow-up of 9.05 (8.67, 9.33) years, a total of 2 100 cases of stroke (5.59%) were observed, including 1 899 (5.06%) ischemic strokes and 226 (0.60%) hemorrhagic strokes. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared to the low average eCRF group, the high eCRF group exhibited a 28% reduction in stroke risk (HR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.62-0.82), a 23% reduction in ischemic stroke risk (HR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.67-0.89), and a 40% reduction in hemorrhagic stroke risk (HR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.39-0.91).

Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness can reduce the risk of stroke and its subtypes.

To analyze the impact of temperature on stroke mortality among residents in Wuhan city.

Stroke mortality data, meteorological data, and environmental monitoring data from 2014 to 2019 in Wuhan were collected. A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to assess the impact of temperature on stroke mortality. Stratified analyses were conducted based on gender and age to identify vulnerable populations.

The temperature-stroke mortality relationship in Wuhan exhibited an inverted “J” shape. High temperatures (P_97.5=32 °C) had the strongest immediate effect on stroke mortality on the same day, with the cumulative effect peaking on the 14^th day (relative risk [RR]=1.410, 95%CI: 1.219-1.630 compared to the minimum mortality temperature [MMT]). Low temperatures (P_2.5=1 °C) showed a delayed effect, beginning on the second day after exposure and reaching the maximum cumulative effect on the 21^st day (RR=1.553, 95%CI:1.161-2.079). Stratified analysis revealed that the cumulative effect of low temperatures on stroke mortality was the highest on the 21^st day for males (RR=1.786, 95%CI: 1.195-2.670), on the 7^th day for individuals aged <65 years (RR=1.607, 95%CI:1.151-2.243), and on the 14^th day for those aged ≥65 years (RR=1.627, 95%CI: 1.251-2.116). For high temperatures, the cumulative effect peaked on the 14^th day for males (RR=1.347, 95%CI: 1.104-1.645), individuals aged <65 years (RR=1.559,95%CI: 1.117-2.176), and those aged ≥65 years (RR=1.401, 95%CI: 1.204-1.631), while for females, it peaked on the 21^st day (RR=1.507, 95%CI: 1.188-1.912).

Both low and high temperatures can increase the risk of stroke mortality. High temperatures exhibit a more acute effect, while low temperatures show significant delayed and cumulative effects. Females andindividuals aged <65 years are at higher risk of stroke mortality under high temperatures, whereas males and those aged ≥65 years are more vulnerable under low temperatures. Protective measures should be strengthened for these high-risk populations.

To explore the causal relationship between six dietary-derived antioxidants and telomere length through a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

The research utilized genome-wide association data concerning vitamin C,vitamin E, vitamin D, carotenoids, retinol, urate, and telomere length. Various sensitivity analyses were conducted using inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, weighted median method, weighted model, MR-lap, and MR-PRESSO. The effectiveness of genetic instruments was assessed using F-statistics, Q-statistics, and the MR-Egger intercept test.

The IVW method indicated a negative correlation between urate levels and telomere length (β_IVW: -0.050; 95%CI: -0.070 to -0.031; P_IVW=4.93×10^-7), a finding supported by the other three sensitivity analyses. Additionally, after removing outlier SNPs using MR-PRESSO, the results remained robust (P=2.28×10^-7). No statistically significant causal effects were observed for the other five dietary-derived antioxidants concerning telomere length.

There exists a causal relationship between serum urate levels and telomere length.

To analyze the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of congenital heart disease (CHD) in perinatal infants in Xinjiang from January 2016 to December 2022.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of perinatal infants diagnosed with congenital heart disease from various birth defect monitoring hospitals between 2016 and 2022.

A total of 591 849 perinatal infants were monitored in Xinjiang, among which 3 531 cases of congenital heart disease were identified, resulting in an overall incidence rate of 59.66 per 100 000. There were statistically significant differences in annual incidence rates (χ²=754.466, P < 0.001), showing a general upward trend (χ²_trend =592.218, P < 0.001). The most common types of congenital heart disease were atrial septal defect (43.72 per 100 000), patent ductus arteriosus (25.53 per 100 000), ventricular septal defect (8.69 per 100 000), atrioventricular septal defect (3.25 per 100 000), and tetralogy of Fallot (0.79 per 100 000). The survival rate of perinatal infants with congenital heart disease showed an upward trend (χ²_trend =11.239, P=0.001).

The overall incidence of congenital heart disease in perinatal infants in Xinjiang is on the rise. It is recommended to further strengthen tertiary prevention measures to reduce the risk of congenital heart disease and improve the prognosis of surviving infants.

To preliminarily evaluate the effects of three online intervention models— “Health Education,”“Subsidy,” and “Relay Vaccination”—on HPV vaccination rates among female adolescents aged 15 to 18 in China, as well as the willingness of guardians to delay vaccination and their confidence in vaccines.

Eight secondary schools in Chengdu and Nanjing were recruited using convenience sampling and divided into three groups: “Health Education” (health education video + postcards), “Subsidy” (financial assistance), and “Relay Vaccination” (health education video + postcards +financial assistance). The study subjects were high school girls aged 15 to 18 who had not yet received the HPV vaccine and one guardian per participant. The primary outcome was the rate of first HPV vaccination among high school girls within one-month post-intervention; secondary outcomes included changes in guardians’ willingness to delay vaccination and their confidence in vaccines before and after the intervention.

A total of 238 pairs of participants were included. Within one-month post-intervention, the vaccination rates were 43.9% for the “Relay Vaccination” group, 43.1% for the “Subsidy” group, and 16.7%for the“Health Education” group. The willingness to delay vaccination significantly decreased in the “Relay Vaccination”group (57.89% vs. 46.49%, P=0.004) and the “Health Education” group (50.00% vs. 33.33%, P=0.001), while there was no significant change in the “Subsidy” group (51.72% vs. 48.28%, P=0.688). Prior to the intervention, guardians in all three groups had high confidence in vaccines, and no statistically significant changes were observed post-intervention (P>0.05).

The “Relay Vaccination” and “Subsidy” groups exhibited superior effects on increasing vaccination rates compared to the“Health Education” group. The health education information included in the intervention strategies helped reduce the willingness to delay vaccination. The study conclusions require further validation with a larger sample size.

To understand the health poverty vulnerability of the elderly in rural areas of Sichuan Province in the post-poverty-alleviation era and analyze its main influencing factors.

From July to August 2022, a multi-stage sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 601 rural elderly people in Sichuan. The three-stage generalized least-squares method was used to calculate the health poverty vulnerability index of rural elderly people in Sichuan, and the influencing factors of health poverty vulnerability were explored through multivariate logistic regression.

Among the 601 people, 35 were in a state of health poverty vulnerability (health poverty vulnerability index ≥ 0.29),and the health poverty vulnerability rate was 5.82%. There were statistically significant differences in the health poverty vulnerability rates among the elderly with different genders (OR=3.69, 95%CI: 1.28-10.61), educational levels (OR=0.14,95%CI: 0.05-0.35), proportions of out-of-pocket medical expenses to income (OR=49.10, 95%CI: 15.99-150.91), and living types (taking living alone as the reference, living only with a spouse: OR=0.09, 95%CI: 0.03-0.29; living with children: OR=0.15, 95%CI: 0.05-0.44) (P < 0.05).

The overall health poverty vulnerability of rural elderly people in Sichuan Province in the post-poverty-alleviation era is at a relatively low level. Rural elderly women, those with low educational levels, those with a large proportion of out-of-pocket medical expenses to income, and those living alone are at a higher risk of falling into health poverty in the future and need to be given key attention.

To study the accessibility of childcare institutions in Hangzhou and provide references for the optimal allocation of childcare service resources in Hangzhou and the layout of childcare resources in other similar areas.

Using the information of childcare institutions in Hangzhou as of July 2024, which was published on the official website and mini-program of the Health Commission of Hangzhou, the network analysis tool in ArcGIS 10.8 software was used to calculate the spatial accessibility of childcare institutions according to the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method.

The ratio of the number of childcare institutions per unit area between the northeast and southwest regions of Hangzhou was 31.38. Overall, there was a distribution pattern with more resources in the northeast and fewer in the southwest. The accessibility of inclusive childcare institutions in the northeast generally showed a state of being low in the central urban area and high in the surrounding urban areas, which was different from the distribution of the number of childcare institutions. The accessibility of non-inclusive childcare institutions was basically consistent with the distribution of the number of childcare institutions. In the five southwestern districts and counties, the areas with high accessibility of inclusive childcare institutions were relatively concentrated near the locations of the district and county governments, and the accessibility in some areas was in the high-value zone. Non-inclusive childcare institutions were only distributed in individual districts and counties close to the northeast urban area.

Attention should be paid to the resource supply of inclusive childcare institutions in some areas of the northeast central urban area with a large population density.Meanwhile, the childcare needs of the five southwestern districts and counties and the less-populated areas in the northeast should not be ignored. Comprehensive measures should be taken to promote the provision and utilization of childcare services.

To explore the current situation and influencing factors of depression among middle-aged and elderly people in China through the analysis of the 2020 survey data of CHARLS, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of depression among middle-aged and elderly people.

First, 13 124 middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 to 74 with complete information were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Second, the research subjects were divided according to the scores of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D10). Then, the Lasso model was used to screen the influencing factors. Finally, a logistic prediction model for depressive symptoms in the elderly was constructed and the prediction effect was evaluated.

Among the 13 124 research subjects, 4 877 had depressive symptoms, with a detection rate of 37.16% (95%CI: 36.33%-37.99%). The LASSO results showed that when the lambda (λ) value was 0.008 595 583, the error was the smallest, and 15 influencing factors were screened out: gender, marital status, type of residence, educational level (junior high school, high school and above), region (central region, western region), drinking status, nighttime sleep duration (h) (>6-7, >7), whether there were social activities in the past month, Internet use, whether often uncomfortable due to pain, number of chronic diseases: ≥ 2, physical activity (Met*min/week): 600-3 000. The logistic regression prediction model showed that female gender, other marital statuses, region (central region, western region), often being uncomfortable due to pain, and number of chronic diseases: ≥ 2 were independent risk factors for depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people (P < 0.05); educational level (junior high school, high school and above), drinking, nighttime sleep duration (h) (>6-7, >7), having social activities in the past month, and Internet use were protective factors for depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly people (P < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.743(95%CI: 0.735-0.752).

The detection rate of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly people is relatively high and is affected by multiple factors. It is recommended to consider preventive measures from multiple aspects and perspectives.

To investigate the dual mediating effects of frailty and health literacy on the relationship between social support and quality of life among older adults based on the health ecological model.

A convenience sampling method was employed to survey 1 497 older adults using a general information questionnaire, social network relationship scale, Tilburg Frailty Indicator, health literacy assessment scale, and SF-6Dv2 quality of life assessment scale. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and correlation analyses were performed on the data, and the PROCESS macro in SPSS 26.0 was used to construct a multiple mediation effect model.

Significant differences in quality-of-life scores among older adults were observed based on different living areas (Z=-4.171, P <0.001), gender (Z=-2.378, P < 0.05), age (H=58.938, P < 0.001), education level (H=66.224, P < 0.001), occupation (H=78.662, P <0.001), and income sources (H=87.730, P < 0.001). Social support was significantly negatively correlated with frailty (r=-0.314, P < 0.01),while positively correlated with health literacy (r=0.398, P < 0.01) and quality of life (r=0.253, P < 0.01). Frailty was significantly negatively correlated with health literacy (r=-0.320, P < 0.01) and quality of life (r=-0.391, P < 0.01), whereas health literacy was significantly positively correlated with quality of life (r=0.219, P < 0.01). Frailty (effect size=0.094, 95%CI: 0.071-0.119) and health literacy (effect size=0.011, 95%CI: 0.012-0.037) partially mediated the effect of social support on quality of life, accounting for 43.7% and 5.1% of the total effect, respectively.

Frailty and health literacy play dual mediating roles in the relationship between social support and quality of life among older adults. It is essential to implement interventions that help older adults expand their social support networks, reduce levels of frailty, and enhance health literacy to improve their quality of life.

To explore the relationship between health literacy and health-related quality of life among residents in Qingdao, and to verify the mediating effect of self-efficacy and the moderating effect of chronic disease status in this relationship.

A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 7 000 permanent residents aged 15 to 69 years from 10 districts (cities) in Qingdao. Questionnaires were conducted using measurement tools such as the Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire and the European Quality of Life Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L). SPSS 24.0 software was used for data processing and statistical analysis, and the PROCESS plugin Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating and moderating effects.

A total of 6 385 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with an effective response rate of 91.21%. The health literacy score of the respondents was (44.912 ±14.461) points, the self-efficacy score was (12.908 ± 2.005) points, the health-related quality of life utility value was (0.972 ± 0.078) points, and the number of people with chronic diseases was 1 160, accounting for 18.17% of the total. Health literacy could not only directly and positively predict the health-related quality of life of residents (β=0.074, P < 0.001), but also affect it through the mediating effect of self-efficacy, with the mediating effect being 32.43%. Both the direct effect of health literacy on the health-related quality social support networks, reduce levels of frailty, and enhance health literacy to improve their quality of life.of life of residents and the mediating effect of self-efficacy were moderated by chronic disease status. Compared with those without chronic diseases, the effect of self-efficacy on health-related quality of life was significantly enhanced among single-chronic disease patients (B_simple=0.228, P < 0.001), and the enhancement effect of health literacy and self-efficacy on health-related quality of life was more significant among multiple-chronic disease patients (B_simple=0.167, P=0.003; B_simple=0.253, P <0.001).

Health literacy affects the health-related quality of life of residents through self-efficacy, and chronic disease status moderates the relationships among health literacy, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life.

To explore the latent categories of cognitive function in older adults and their influencing factors.

Data from the 2020 CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study) were used, including 4 606 participants aged 60 years and above. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to identify the latent categories of cognitive function, and multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were conducted to examine the influencing factors.

Cognitive function in older adults was classified into four categories: “Low Cognitive Function-Low Attention Group” (21%), “Moderate Cognitive Function-Balanced Group” (18.6%), “High Cognitive Function-High Attention Group” (47.7%), and “Low Cognitive Function-High Visuospatial Ability Group” (12.7%). Protective factors for the “High Cognitive Function-High Attention Group” included age <70 years, higher education level, male gender, internet use, non-smoking, and absence of depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). Age exhibited a non-linear dose-response relationship with the risk of belonging to the “Low Cognitive Function-Low Attention Group” (P _overalltrend <0.001, P _{non-linearity} <0.001), “Moderate Cognitive Function-Balanced Group” (P _overalltrend =0.016, P non-linearity =0.006), and “Low Cognitive Function-High Visuospatial Ability Group” (P_overalltrend =0.007, P_{non-linearity} =0.004).

Cognitive function in older adults demonstrates distinct categorical characteristics, suggesting that healthcare professionals should develop targeted and personalized intervention strategies based on these categories and their influencing factors to prevent and delay cognitive impairment.

To explore the distribution characteristics of body composition and the current nutritional status of middle-aged and elderly people in some areas of Sichuan.

In this study, people aged 45 to 79 years who participated in the “Natural Population Cohort of West China Hospital, Sichuan University” in Mianzhu city, Longquanyi District and Pixian District of Chengdu city, Sichuan Province from 2020 to 2021 were selected as the research subjects. The body composition was detected by bioelectrical impedance method, and the body composition characteristics and the current situation of overweight and obesity in this population were analyzed.

Fat-related indicators such as visceral fat area and body fat percentage (BFP) were positively correlated with age, and the values in women were significantly higher than those in men (all P < 0.001). Muscle-related indicators such as fat-free mass and skeletal muscle mass index was negatively correlated with age, and the values in men were higher than those in women (allP < 0.001). According to BMI, the overweight and obesity rates in men were 44.32% and 13.05% respectively; the overweight and obesity rates in women were 39.45% and 12.84% respectively. According to BFP, the overweight and obesity rates in men were 16.50% and 70.95% respectively; the overweight and obesity rates in women were 20.87% and 63% respectively. The prevalence of hidden obesity in middle-aged and elderly people was 17.29%. A total of 7 muscle-fat types were detected in the population. Among them, the type of overweight and/or excessive body fat combined with sarcopenia accounted for 25.06% in men and 20.81% in women, and both increased with age.

The proportion of body-fat-type obesity in middle-aged and elderly people in some areas of Sichuan is too high. In the future, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the three aspects of BMI, body fat and muscle A total of 7 muscle-fat types were detected in the population.

To investigate the hepatotoxic effects and mechanisms of glyphosate using metabolomics approaches.

Forty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control, low-dose (50 mg/kg·d), medium-dose (250 mg/kg·d),and high-dose (500 mg/kg·d) groups, with glyphosate administered orally for 30 days. The liver organ coefficients, pathological changes, and liver function parameters were measured. UPLC-MS was employed to analyze the liver metabolic profiles, and multivariate statistical methods were utilized to identify differential metabolites, followed by enrichment analysis based on the KEGG platform.

Compared to the control group, mice exposed to medium and/or high doses of glyphosate exhibited varying degrees of edema and inflammation in liver cells, along with significantly elevated serum levels of ALT, TBILI, DBILI,and GLU. Glyphosate exposure reduced the levels of nucleotide metabolites such as hypoxanthine, xanthine, and pyrimidine, as well as cellular membrane components like choline, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingosine. It also decreased the levels of vitamins such as thiamine and retinal, and amino acid metabolites including Hom vanillic acid and 4-aminobutyraldehyde.Conversely, it increased the levels of carbohydrate metabolites such as glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-1-phosphate, and ribose-1-phosphate. Furthermore, liver function indicators ALT, TBILI, and DBILI were correlated with the aforementioned metabolites.

Glyphosate exposure can damage the structure and function of liver cells in mice by affecting nucleotide metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and vitamin metabolism.

To evaluate the discriminative ability of the Kinetic Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (kDPRA) for identifying the skin sensitization potential of chemicals.

A total of 31 chemicals with known skin sensitization strengths were selected.These chemicals were prepared in phosphate-buffered saline or acetonitrile to create solutions at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5.0,10.0, and 20.0 mmol/L. A mixture of 40 μl of the above solutions with 120 μl of a 0.667 mmol/L cysteine peptide was prepared, alongside blank controls, solvent controls, test substance controls, and a positive control (cinnamaldehyde). The mixtures were incubated at 25°C for 10, 30, 90, 150, 210, and 1 440 minutes. After the respective incubation times, 40 μl of 3 mmol/L monobromination was added for 5 minutes, and fluorescence intensity was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader with excitation at 390 nm and emission at 480 nm. The consumption rate and rate constant of the cysteine peptide were calculated, with the maximum logarithmic rate constant (log kmax) from the six time points serving as the evaluation metric for the skin sensitization potential of various chemicals.

Testing 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene yielded log kmax values of -0.39,-0.28, and -0.31 across three tests, all classified as Category 1A sensitizers. Consistent sensitization classifications were obtained from three repeated tests on 10 chemicals. Expanding to 20 additional chemicals, 6 were classified as Category 1A and 14 as non-1A. The skin sensitization classifications for all 31 tested chemicals were consistent with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) database.

This method demonstrates good discriminative ability for assessing the skin sensitization potential of chemicals.

To investigate the contamination levels of Legionella pneumophila (Lp) in shower water at bathing venues in Shandong Province, the influencing factors, and antibiotic resistance, providing a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for Lp infections in the population.

Using a cluster random sampling method, 2 to 3 public bathing venues were selected annually from 16 cities in Shandong Province from 2020 to 2022 for testing Lp in shower water. The influencing factors on the detection rate of Lp were explored based on the time of water sample collection, the size of water tanks, water supply methods, and whether the tanks were disinfected. Serotyping and antibiotic resistance testing were conducted on positive samples to further analyze the characteristics of antibiotic resistance in Lp.

Among the 143 samples collected, 55 tested positives for Lp, yielding a positivity rate of 38.5%. Serological typing identified that serotype 1 (LP1) accounted for 51% of the positive Lp strains. The detection rate of Lp was influenced by various factors, including different water sample collection times (46.7% in October, 29.4% in April, χ²=4.49, P < 0.05), varying water tank storage capacities (50.8% for tanks with a capacity greater than daily water usage, 18.2%for those with a capacity less than daily usage, χ²=10.39, P < 0.01), and different sampling locations (26.5% at the water inlet of the pipeline, 44.7% at the showerhead, χ²=4.48, P < 0.05), with statistically significant differences observed within the groups. The 55 positive strains exhibited varying degrees of resistance to seven first-line treatment antibiotics, with the highest resistance rate to cefuroxime (90.9%) and the lowest to azithromycin (14.5%).

The positivity rate of Lp in shower water at bathing venues across 16 cities in Shandong Province is primarily influenced by environmental temperature and the retention of shower water in the water supply system. The Lp strains in the environment show significant resistance to antibiotics such as cefuroxime, rifampicin, and sulbactam. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of shower water, pay attention to changes in bacterial resistance, ensure the safety of shower water in public places, and protect the health of the population.

To explore a suitable research design for evaluating the long-term effects of vaccines, taking into account the heterogeneity caused by individual susceptibility, vaccination status, vaccination timing, and the confounding effects of healthcare-seeking behavior.

This study employed a Monte Carlo simulation method to extend the Test-Negative Design (TND),considering constant vaccine efficacy and two types of time-dependent vaccine efficacy under a fixed study duration model. A multivariable logistic regression model and a semi-parametric generalized additive model based on restricted cubic splines were constructed to evaluate the long-term effects of vaccines.

When only considering changes in vaccine efficacy, the estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) curves from both models accurately fit the actual decay trend of VE, being only slightly higher than the true VE (approximately 1%-3%). The VE curves were minimally affected by vaccination rates, the mean probability of influenza-like illness in the entire population, and the probability of influenza-like illness in the vaccinated population.

The extended TND under a fixed study duration model provides a feasible new approach for evaluating long-term vaccine effectiveness, with the potential for application to other types of vaccines. Both models demonstrated good fitting performance over time with no significant differences. However, further exploration is needed to comprehensively consider other heterogeneous influencing factors and to conduct simulation experiments with the extended TND after group assignment.

To understand the species composition, density, seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes and the virus-carrying situation in Tianjin from 2019 to 2023, and to provide a reference for reducing mosquito density and controlling mosquito-borne diseases.

According to the “Monitoring Work Plan for Vector Control in Tianjin”, from April to November each year, the number of adult mosquitoes was monitored in 16 districts of Tianjin using the mosquito-attracting lamp method. Habitats such as residential areas, parks, hospitals, livestock sheds, and rural households were selected as monitoring sites. In addition, from June to October, adult mosquitoes or mosquito larvae were captured using methods such as the mosquito-attracting lamp method and the mosquito-and-egg trap method. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology was used to detect the presence of Japanese encephalitis virus and dengue virus in the samples.

From 2019 to 2023, a total of 12 641 mosquito-attracting lamps were deployed in Tianjin, and 54 870 female mosquitoes were captured, with an average mosquito density of 0.72 mosquitoes/(lamp·h). Among them, 52 569 were Culex pipiens pollens (accounting for 95.81%),followed by 1 402 Aedes albopictus (accounting for 2.56%). From 2019 to 2023, the overall mosquito density showed a downward trend. The mosquito density was the highest in July each year, showing a single-peak distribution. Among different habitats, the mosquito density was the highest in livestock sheds, reaching 1.45 mosquitoes/(lamp·h), followed by rural households at 0.96 mosquitoes/(lamp·h), and the lowest in hospitals at 0.42 mosquitoes/(lamp·h). Culex pipiens pollens was the dominant mosquito species in all habitats. Neither Japanese encephalitis virus nor dengue virus was detected in Culex pipiens pollens or Aedes albopictus.

The dominant mosquito species in Tianjin is Culex pipiens pollens, and the key period for mosquito density control is from June to September. Priority should be given to improving the environmental conditions of livestock sheds, and targeted mosquito- vector control strategies should be implemented according to the mosquito population distribution, density changes, and seasonal fluctuation patterns.

To analyze the influencing factors of carotid artery plaque occurrence based on a prospective dynamic cohort.

A nested case-control study was adopted. A total of 1 150 newly-diagnosed patients with carotid artery plaques from March 2018 to November 2023 were selected as the case group. According to the principles of the same gender, age ± 3 years, and the same year and month of the initial examination, 1 150 individuals without carotid artery plaques were individually matched at a ratio of 1:1 as the control group. Finally, 2 300 subjects were included in the study. A conditional Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of carotid artery plaque occurrence. Meanwhile, the dose-response relationship between different exposure factors and the risk of carotid artery plaque was analyzed by using tertile stratification and restricted cubic spline (RCS).

The results of multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR=1.370, 95%CI: 1.073-1.748), blood urea nitrogen/creatinine (OR=1.024, 95%CI: 1.004-1.044), and red blood cell distribution width-SD (OR=1.037, 95%CI: 1.003-1.072) were risk factors for carotid artery plaques, while total protein (OR=0.966, 95%CI: 0.944-0.988) was a protective factor.The RCS results showed that there was a negative linear dose-response relationship between HDL-C, total protein and the risk of carotid artery plaque, and a positive linear dose-response relationship between blood urea nitrogen/creatinine and the risk of carotid artery plaque (P _overall < 0.05, P _non-linear > 0.05). No dose-response relationship was found between red blood cell distribution width-SD and the risk of carotid artery plaque.

HDL-C, total protein, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine, and red blood cell distribution width-SD are associated with the occurrence of carotid artery plaques, and there is a linear dose-response relationship between HDL-C, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine, total protein and the risk of carotid artery plaque.

To investigate the correlation between the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) based on samples from a public database in the United States.

Data on demographic characteristics and laboratory indicators of participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2009 to 2018 were collected, along with mortality data from the National Death Index as of December 31, 2019. A weighted Cox regression model, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to explore and visualize the correlation between Log₂PLR values and cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly DM patients. The accuracy of Log₂PLR in predicting survival outcomes was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

A total of 1 323 elderly DM patients were included in this study, with an average follow-up of 4.86 years. Ninety-one patients died from cardiovascular disease, resulting in a mortality rate of 6.88%. Both univariate and adjusted Cox regression model results indicated that a high Log₂PLR (≥7.08) was associated with cardiovascular disease mortality (HR1=2.71, 95%CI: 1.61-4.56; aHR3=2.75, 95%CI: 1.60-4.72). RCS analysis showed a linear positive correlation between Log₂PLR and cardiovascular mortality (P_non-linear=0.141). There were no significant interactions between age, sex, BMI,history of hypertension, ethnicity, education level, and Log₂PLR (P>0.05). The ROC curve demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) for Log₂PLR predicting cardiovascular disease mortality at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years were 0.68, 0.69, 0.67, and 0.63,respectively. When combined with age, the AUC for predicting cardiovascular disease mortality at these time points was greater than 0.70.

PLR is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in elderly DM patients and has certain predictive value regarding the risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease.

To evaluate the clinical value of maternal liver function indicators combined with umbilical artery blood flow parameters in diagnosing fetal growth restriction (FGR).

This study employed a case-control design, including pregnant women who underwent prenatal examinations and delivered at Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University from December 2017 to July 2022. The case group consisted of 172 pregnant women clinically diagnosed with FGR, while the control group included 292 pregnant women with normal pregnancies who were examined at the same hospital during the same period. Maternal late-pregnancy liver function indicators and umbilical artery blood flow parameters were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association of these indicators with the risk of FGR. The performance of each indicator and the combined model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves, net reclassification improvement index, and integrated discrimination improvement index.

In this study, pregnant women in the FGR group had significantly higher levels of ALT, ALB, and S/D ratio of umbilical artery blood flow compared to the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that ALT (OR=1.744, 95%CI: 1.332-2.283), ALB (OR=1.290, 95%CI: 1.002-1.661), and S/D ratio (OR=1.778,95%CI: 1.324-2.387) were significant risk factors for FGR, and the combined model of these three indicators exhibited high diagnostic value for fetal growth restriction.

Maternal liver function indicators (ALT, ALB) and umbilical artery blood flow parameters (S/D ratio) are associated with the risk of FGR, and the combined analysis of these factors can significantly enhance the diagnostic efficiency for FGR.