To investigate the causal relationship between serum liver enzymes and cardiovascular diseases in the East Asian population through Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.

A two-sample Mendelian randomization study was conducted using the hitherto largest genome-wide association study summary datasets in the East Asian population. The inverse-variance weighted method (IVW) and MR PRESSO were used as primary univariable MR analyses, whereas the weighted median method, MR Egger, removing palindromic and pleiotropic instrumental variables were used as sensitivity analyses. Multivariable MR analyses used the multivariable IVW method to evaluate the independent causal effects of multiple serum liver enzymes on coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke.

Genetically predicted serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were causally associated with CAD (ALT→CAD: OR=0.546, 95% CI: 0.403-0.739; GGT→CAD: OR=0.618, 95% CI: 0.555-0.689). Additionally, GGT directly affected CAD independent of ALT (OR=0.662, 95% CI: 0.586-0.747). Genetically predicted serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and GGT had direct causal effects on stroke that were independent of each other (AST→stroke: OR=1.137, 95% CI: 1.054-1.226; GGT→stroke: OR=1.166, 95% CI: 1.110-1.225).

Serum liver enzymes have causal effects on cardiovascular diseases in the East Asian population.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in Nanchang from 2005 to 2023 and evaluate the application value of the Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) model in predicting hepatitis C incidence trends, providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of hepatitis C in the city.

Data on hepatitis C incidence in Nanchang from January 2005 to December 2023 were collected. The trend and seasonal components of the monthly incidence data were analyzed using time series decomposition. The BSTS model was constructed using R software, with data from January 2005 to December 2022 used as the training set to fit the model, and data from January to December 2023 used as the test set to evaluate the model's predictive performance. The prediction accuracy of the BSTS model was compared with that of the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model using mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), and root mean square percentage error (RMSPE) as evaluation metrics.

The overall incidence of hepatitis C in Nanchang has been on an upward trend, though the rate of increase has slowed since 2017. The data reveals significant cyclical and seasonal fluctuations, with a peak incidence in the spring months from March to May and a trough from January to February.The prediction performance indicators of the BSTS model (MAE=9.67, MAPE=17.61%, RMSE=11.99 and RMSPE=17.84) were all lower than those of the ARIMA model (MAE=12.12, MAPE=29.03%, RMSE=15.30, RMSPE=33.62). Based on the BSTS model, the total predicted number of hepatitis C cases in Nanchang from January 2024 to December 2024 is 308 (95% CI: 68-583), with an average monthly incidence of 26 cases (95% CI: 6-48).

Hepatitis C incidence in Nanchang exhibits periodic and seasonal fluctuations. The BSTS model outperforms the ARIMA model in prediction performance and can provide technical support for the precise prevention and control of hepatitis C.

To analyze the mortality trend of ischemic stroke in China from 1982 to 2021, and to explore the effects of age, period and cohort on the mortality rate, so as to provide reference for the scientific prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.

The study data were derived from the Global Health Data Exchange Platform. Residents aged 5-94 years were used as the study subjects, and a Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of ischemic stroke deaths over time, and the age-period-cohort model was used to assess the age-, period-, and cohort-specific effects on the mortality rate.

The national ischemic stroke mortality rate fluctuated from 80.70/100 000 in 1982 to 64.47/100 000 in 2021, with a mean annual percentage change of -0.505%. The mortality rate of ischemic stroke for men and women fluctuated from 91.56/100 000 and 74.26/100 000 in 1982 to 88.32/100 000 and 48.58/100 000 in 2021, with an average annual percentage change of -0.054% and -0.993%, respectively; the mortality rate of ischemic stroke showed an upward trend with increasing age. With regard to the age effect, the mortality risk of ischemic stroke for male and female residents in the age group of 90-94 years increased by 6 032.91 and 4 754.90 times, respectively, compared with that of the age group of 10-14 years. For the period effect, the risk of death from ischemic stroke in 2017—2021 was 3.17 and 1.94 times higher than that in 1982—1986 for men and women, respectively. For cohort effect, the risk of ischemic stroke death for men and women born in 1892—1896 was 135.15 and 109.51 times higher than that born in 2012—2016, respectively.

The mortality rate of ischemic stroke in China generally showed a fluctuating and decreasing trend, in which the mortality rate of male residents was more prominent compared with that of females. The mortality risk of ischemic stroke is higher with increasing age and period.

To understand the prevalence and spatial clustering characteristics of tuberculosis in Guizhou Province, and provide scientific basis for further reducing the prevalence of tuberculosis.

Based on the incidence monitoring data of tuberculosis in Guizhou Province in the tuberculosis information management system from 2016 to 2023, this study described and analyzed the distribution characteristics of tuberculosis incidence in the whole province in time, population and region, and used spatial clustering to analyze the key regions and types of incidence rate clustering in the province.

From 2016 to 2023, the annual average reported incidence rate of tuberculosis in Guizhou Province was 100.28/100 000, and the reported incidence rate declined at an average annual rate of 6.82%, from 130.66/100 000 in 2016 to 82.90/100 000 (trend χ²=9 647.38, P<0.001). From 2016 to 2023, the reported incidence rate of men and women will decrease from 165.18/100 000, 93.89/100 000 to 102.32/100 000 and 62.58/100 000 respectively (trend χ²=6 968.96, 2 828.21,all P<0.001). The reported incidence rates in the age groups of <20 years old, 20-39 years old, 40-59 years old and ≥60 years old all showed a downward trend (trend χ²=3 021.42, 3 563.78, 2 477.46, 1 184.20,all P<0.001). The average annual reported incidence rate of men and age groups ≥60 years old were higher than others (χ²=18 845.45, 65 957.05, all P<0.001) and the proportion of farmers was 69.46% higher than that of other occupations (χ²=732 538.16, P<0.001). At the same time, the proportion of medical staff and teachers increased (trend χ²=61.54, 45.87, all P<0.001). Spatial clustering analysis showed that tuberculosis in the province presented a clustered distribution (Moran I=0.293, Z=4.607, P<0.001), with high-high clustered areas mainly concentrated in Wangmo County, Ceheng County and other areas in Qiannan Prefecture.

In recent years, the prevention and control of tuberculosis in Guizhou Province has achieved certain results, but the current situation of prevention and control is still quite severe. Males, age groups ≥60 years old, farmers, medical personnel and teachers are the key population affected by the disease. Areas with relatively backward economic and living standards, such as Wangmo and Ceheng in Qiannan Prefecture, are the key areas affected by the disease.

To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the general medication adherence scale (GMAS) in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease(NTM-PD).

Patients with NTM-PD treated in Wuxi Fifth Hospital affiliated with Jiangnan University from February 2023 to September 2024 were selected as research objects to conduct a questionnaire survey to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of GMAS.

A total of 281 patients were included in the study. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the Chinese version of the universal medication compliance scale was 0.890, and the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension was 0.834-0.890. The broken half reliability was 0.806, the split-half reliability of each dimension was 0.834-0.870, and the test-retest reliability was 0.896. Three common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 76.244%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model had a good fit, χ²/df=1.583, GFI=0.928, AGFI=0.884, NFI=0.934, TLI=0.965, CFI=0.974, TLI=0.965, RMSEA=0.063, and had good convergent validity and discriminant validity.

The Chinese version of GMAS has good reliability and validity in NTM-PD patients, mainly middle-aged and elderly people, and can be used to evaluate the level of medication compliance in this population.

To analyze the changing trends of CRD disease burden in China’s elderly population from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a reference for the development and adjustment of chronic disease prevention and treatment strategies for the elderly in China.

Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database on the burden of disease of CRD in China between 1990 and 2021, we described the burden of disease of CRD in China by gender and age groups, and used Joinpoint regression to analyse the temporal trends of age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of CRD, age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardised disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate (ASDR). The age, period and cohort effects of CRD incidence and mortality in the elderly in China were estimated using the Age-Period-Cohort (APC) model.

Compared with 1990, there was an overall fluctuating downward trend in the number of CRD incidence, death, and DALY in China in 2021, and a decreasing trend in the ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR, with the annual average percentage change (AAPC) of -1.05%, -3.68%, and -3.56%, respectively P < 0.001, and the ASIR, ASMR and ASDR were higher in males than in females. The results of the incidence rate APC model showed that, for the age effect, the relative risk (RR) values of the risk of CRD incidence in elderly Chinese men ranged from 0.448 to 1.872, and the RR values of the risk of CRD incidence in elderly women ranged from 0.438 to 1.679; for the period effect, the RR values of the risk of CRD incidence for men in all periods ranged from 0.960 to 1.051, and the RR values of the risk of CRD incidence for women ranged from 0.921 to 1.139; for the cohort effect, the RR values of morbidity risk ranged from 0.687 to 1.221 for men and from 0.714 to 1.345 for women. The results of the mortality APC model showed that, for the age effect, the RR values of mortality risk of CRD in elderly Chinese men ranged from 0.134 to 5.053, and in elderly Chinese women, the RR values ranged from 0.130 to 5.090; for the period effect, the RR values of mortality risk for males in each period ranged from 0.826 to 1.221, and the RR values of morbidity risk for females ranged from 0.697 to 1.479; for the cohort effect, the RR values of mortality risk for males ranged from 0.374 to 1.693, and those for females ranged from 0.374 to 1.724, and the results of the APC model test showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The differences were statistically different (P < 0.001).

The burden of CRD disease in China from 1990 to 2021 showed a decreasing trend, and the burden was significantly heavier in men than in women. The risk of CRD incidence and mortality in the elderly increased with age, decreased over time, and decreased with the development of birth cohorts. In the future, the focus should be on men and the elderly population, and active measures should be taken to address them.

To investigate the correlation between the DNA damage level of the CYTB gene and the arsenic methylation level, FEN1 and XPC gene polymorphism in workers exposed to arsenic.

A total of 79 workers exposed to occupational arsenic in a coke oven factory in the southern mountainous area of Yunnan Province were selected as the exposure group, and 24 agricultural workers from the same village were selected as the control group. The urine and peripheral blood samples of the subjects were collected.The concentration and percentage of arsenic and its metabolites were detected in the urine, and the DNA damage level of the CYTB gene was detected in peripheral blood.

The concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsonic acid (DMA) in the urine of the exposure group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). The methylation level of the exposure group was significantly higher than that of the control group in terms of MMA% and primary methylation index (PMI), while the DMA% and secondary methylation index (SMI) were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that the DNA damage level of the CYTB gene was positively correlated with MMA% (P< 0.01) and negatively correlated with SMI (P<0.001). The subjects with genotypes AA or GA+AA at the rs174538 locus of the FEN1 gene had significantly higher DNA damage levels of the CYTB gene than those with genotypes GG at this locus (P< 0.05). However, there was no statistical correlation between the genotype of XPC and the level of DNA damage in the CYTB gene (P>0.05).

Occupational arsenic exposure can lead to increased concentrations of arsenic and its metabolites in urine and decreased methylation of arsenic metabolism in the body. The DNA damage of the CYTB gene can be used as a marker of damage and early health damage in the body, and the mutation at the rs174538 locus of the FEN1 gene is associated with DNA damage of the CYTB gene, which can be used as an indicator of disease susceptibility in arsenic-exposed populations.

To examine the impact of drinking water arsenic exposure on the development of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and to investigate specific changes in plasma exosomal miRNAs.

Sixteen male SPF-grade Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control and arsenic. Each group consisted of 8 rats. The arsenic group was exposed to 0.10 mg/L. All groups had unrestricted access to drinking water. The rats were exposed to arsenic for a duration of 21 days. Behavioral assessments using the open field and elevated plus maze tests were conducted on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 to evaluate GAD-like behavior. At the end of the experiment, plasma exosomal miRNAs were extracted from both groups of rats. Sequencing was performed, and the expression levels of differentially expressed miRNAs were validated using real-time quantitative PCR.

On the 21st day after arsenic exposure, the arsenic group exhibited lower body weight compared to the control group (t=7.950, P<0.001). In the open field test, the arsenic group showed a decrease in total distance traveled (t=2.213, P=0.044), an increase in rearing frequency (t=-4.704, P<0.001), an increase in grid crossings (t=4.340, P=0.001), and a decrease in standing frequency (t=4.496, P=0.001) compared to the control group. In the elevated plus maze test, the arsenic group exhibited a decrease in the number of entries into the open arms (t=3.614, P=0.003) and a decrease in time spent in the open arms (t=4.775, P<0.001), while showing an increase in the number of entries into the closed arms (t=-2.486, P=0.026) and an increase in time spent in the closed arms (t=-6.862, P<0.001) compared to the control group. These results indicate GAD-like behavior in the rats exposed to arsenic. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the expression levels of miR-99b-3p, miR-9a-5p, and miR-218a-5p were upregulated, while the expression levels of miR-425a-3p, miR-378a-3p, and miR-155-5p were downregulated in the arsenic group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed plasma exosomal miRNAs indicated their potential involvement in GAD development through processes such as endocytosis, MAPK pathway, Ras signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, and apoptosis.

Drinking water arsenic exposure can induce GAD-like behavior in rats. Plasma exosomal miRNAs, including miR-99b-3p, miR-9a-5p, miR-218a-5p, miR-425a-3p, miR-378a-3p, and miR-155-5p, may be involved in the regulation of GAD development induced by drinking water arsenic exposure.

To investigate the role of the potential pathogenic molecule MMP14 in silicosis.

18 SPF male C57 mice were randomly divided into control and silicosis group, and 16 human specimens from the pneumoconiosis cohort of the Fourth Hospital of West China, Sichuan University. Single-cell sequencing analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes. A silicosis mouse model was induced by silica dioxide using a non-exposure tracheal instillation method. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were employed to assess the degree of inflammation and fibrosis in mouse lung tissues. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the expression of MMP14 and N-cadherin in the lung tissues. Knockdown of MMP14 in epithelial cells (16HBE) was achieved by small interfering RNA, to further verify the expression of N-cadherin. Cell wound healing assays were used to assess the cell migration after MMP14 knockdown.

MMP14 being selected as a potential pathogenic molecule by single-cell sequencing analysis. Compared with the normal control group, the expression of MMP14 and N-cadherin in silicosis lung tissues was significantly increased 3.78 and 2.42 times, respectively (P<0.001). Knockdown of MMP14 in 16HBE cells stimulated by SiO₂ led to the downregulation of N-cadherin by about 30% (P<0.001) and inhibition of cell migration, which area was reduced by 50% (P<0.001).

MMP14 activates the expression of N-cadherin, regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and promotes silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

To explore the relationship between the carbohydrate to fiber ratio (CF) and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among residents in the Ili region of Xinjiang, with the goal of providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes.

The data from the the Xinjiang Multi-Ethnic Cohort in the Ili region was utilized, selecting participants who took part in the baseline survey in 2019 and were followed up in 2020, 2021, and 2022. We calculated the CF for study participants based on dietary survey data. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to investigate the association between CF and the risk of T2DM. Additionally, restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between CF and T2DM risk.

A total of 6 879 participants were included in the study, with a median follow-up time of 37.4 months, during which 543 new cases of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were identified. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on CF (Cumulative Frequency). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the risk of developing T2DM in the Q2 and Q3 groups was reduced by 30.0%(HR=0.700, 95% CI: 0.547-0.896) and 29.3% (HR=0.707, 95% CI: 0.553-0.904), respectively, compared to the Q1 group. The use of restricted cubic splines indicated a non-linear U-shaped relationship between CF and the risk of developing T2DM (P<0.05). Stratified analysis revealed that in overweight and obese individuals (BMI≥24 kg/m²), the risk of T2DM in the Q2 and Q3 groups was reduced by 35.7% and 35.4%, respectively, compared to the Q1 group. Among males, the risk of T2DM in the Q2 group was reduced by 31.6% compared to the Q1 group, while in females, the Q3 group showed a reduction of 36.7% compared to the Q1 group. Additionally, in individuals aged under 65 years, the risk of T2DM in the Q2 group was also reduced by 34.5% compared to the Q1 group. No associations were observed in other stratified populations.

A U-shaped relationship exists between CF and the risk of T2DM. Attention should be paid to the CF levels in individuals who are overweight or obese and those under 65 years of age, as there are significant implications for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.

To explore the effects of leisure activities (LA), dietary diversity score (DDS) and body fat levels(BMI, WHtR, WC)on the prevalence of physical-psychological-cognitive comorbidities in the elderly.

Based on the CLHLS—2018 data, the comorbidities of the elderly aged 65 and above from 2017 to 2019 were described. The Chi-square and t test were used to compare differences between groups, and multi-factor logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to explore the effects of leisure activities, dietary diversity and body fat indicators on the prevalence of comorbidities in the elderly.

A total of 12 047 subjects were included in the study, and the prevalence of comorbidities was 42.60%, with more females than males. Multivariate regression showed that compared with the Q1 group of LA, the OR and 95% CI of the Q3 group: 0.575 (0.513-0.645); The DDS group OR and 95% CI of the Q3 group: 0.853 (0.774-0.939), P_trend=0.002; Among body fat indicators, only BMI has a significant association. The risk of disease in group Q3 is 1.195 times that of group Q1 (95% CI: 1.065-1.342), P_trend=0.003. Further nonlinear tests indicate that LA and WHtR have non-linear relationships with comorbidities (both P_non-linear< 0.05).

Reasonably controlling body fat levels, increasing engagement in leisure activities, and improving dietary diversity may be effective measures to prevent physical-psychological-cognitive comorbidities in the elderly.

To comprehend the correlation between handgrip strength and blood pressure as well as vital capacity among pupils in Shiyan City, and furnish a scientific basis for pupils to prevent heart and lung diseases.

In November 2023, a cluster random sampling method was used to measure the height, weight, handgrip strength, blood pressure, vital capacity and other indicators of 1 263 primary school students aged 6-12 years in Shiyan City, Hubei Province. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between handgrip strength and blood pressure and vital capacity. Quantile regression model was used to analyze the correlation degree of handgrip strength with blood pressure and vital capacity at different quantiles.

A total of 1 263 students aged 6-12 years old were investigated in Shiyan city, including 658 boys and 605 girls. The systolic blood pressure(Z=-3.280), vital capacity(Z=-7.015)and handgrip strength(Z=-5.675)of boys were higher than those of girls (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in diastolic blood pressure between boys and girls (P>0.05). There were significant differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, vital capacity and handgrip strength between pupils of different ages and places of residence (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that handgrip strength was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r=0.390), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.271) and vital capacity (r=0.636) (all P<0.01). Quantile regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure increased with the increase of handgrip strength, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The regression coefficient of handgrip strength was the lowest at the 95th percentile of diastolic blood pressure (β=0.222, 95% CI: -0.139-0.583). Except for the 95th percentile, the regression coefficient of handgrip strength and diastolic blood pressure was statistically significant at the other percentiles (P<0.05). The regression coefficient of handgrip strength was the highest at the 50th quantile of vital capacity (β =59.881, 95% CI: 51.456-68.306), and the correlation between handgrip strength and vital capacity at each quantile was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Handgrip strength is positively correlated with blood pressure and vital capacity. Different levels of handgrip strength have different effects on blood pressure and vital capacity in primary school students. Handgrip strength can be used as an index to reflect blood pressure and vital capacity.

To investigate the moderating role of physical activity (PA) in the association between leisure-time sedentary behavior (LT-SB) and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors (NSSI) among secondary vocational students in Guizhou Province, and to determine its significant value for providing a scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of NSSI among this group.

Students from a total of nine secondary schools in Guizhou Province were selected for a self-administered questionnaire survey through a multi-stage stratified whole cluster random sampling method from October to December 2023, and multiple linear regression was used to analyse the moderating effect of different types of PA on the association between LT-SB and NSSI among secondary students and to determine the critical value of the moderating effect by using Johnson-Neumann techniques (J-N techniques).

The detection rate of NSSI among secondary vocational students in Guizhou Province was 27.5%, with male and female students' rates at 14.2% and 13.3%, respectively. Multiple linear regression showed that the interaction term coefficients of total PA, light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), and vigorous physical activity (VPA) with LT-SB were -0.255, -0.220, -0.472, and -0.424 (P < 0.001), respectively, with MPA having the largest moderating effect. The J-N technique indicated that the association between LT-SB and NSSI weakened as the duration of PA increased, with critical values of 2.39 hours for total PA, 1.63 hours for LPA, 0.99 hours for MPA, and 1.11 hours for VPA.

When developing an exercise intervention to prevent NSSI behavior in secondary vocational students, approximately 1 hour of MPA per day may be the most appropriate and efficient option.

To study the vulnerability and influencing factors of health poverty among depressed people in rural Ningxia and to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the governance and implementation of health poverty prevention.

Based on the 2022 health data survey of depressed people in rural Ningxia, 13 evaluation indicators related to the depressed population were selected from the four dimensions of personal characteristics, health level, health services and living environment of depressed populations, and the main influencing factors were identified through binary logit regression analysis, and the results were quantitatively estimated by Shapley decomposition method.

8.49% of the depressed population was at risk of health poverty vulnerability, and age, number of permanent family residents, and per capita housing area were the main influencing factors of health poverty vulnerability. The results of Shapley's decomposition showed that age (28.63%) contributed the most to it.

The influencing factors of health poverty vulnerability of depressed people in rural Ningxia are multidimensional and complex.In order to prevent more depressed people from falling into health poverty, the local government should improve the living environment of depressed people, pay attention to the health status of the elderly and those with large families, and improve their medical and health services and medical security system, so as to reduce the health poverty vulnerability of depressed people in Ningxia.

To explore the time-varying association between adverse childhood experiences and social isolation in middle-aged and older adults and provide a scientific evidence for the early identification of people at risk of social isolation and the development of appropriate interventions.

Data were used from respondents who participated in the life history survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and at least one of the surveysconducted between 2011 and 2020. Adverse childhood experienceswere collected through self-reporting and divided into four groups based on the number of adverse childhood experiences, which were categorized into the group that had not experienced adverse childhood experiences, the group that had experienced one type of adverse childhood experience, the group that had experienced two types of adverse childhood experiences, and the group that had experienced three or more types of adverse childhood experiences. A time-varying effect model was used to explore the age-varying association between adverse childhood experiences and social isolation among middle-aged and older adults, using age as the time variable.

A total of 14 397 middle-aged and older adults were included in the study. Compared with those who had not experienced adverse childhood experiences, those who had experienced one adverse childhood experience had a higher risk of social isolation between the ages of 61 and 70(OR=1.22, 95% CI:1.06-1.41); those who had experienced two adverse childhood experiences had a higher risk of social isolation between the ages of 50 and 65(OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.13-1.57); and those who had experienced three or more adverse childhood experiences had a higher risk of social isolation between the ages of 45 and 58(OR=1.86, 95% CI:1.16-2.99).

There is aage-varyingassociation between adverse childhood experiences and social isolation among middle-aged and elderly people, with the more childhood adversities experienced, the younger the age at which social isolation occurs.

To analyze the relationship between social support networks and the sense of gain among elderly individuals in the community and further explore the mediating role of psychological resilience in this process.

Using cluster random sampling, elderly individuals aged 65 and above from three towns (districts) in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province—Tangxia, Songshan Lake, and Liaobu—were selected as the study population from May to July 2023. A total of 1 245 valid responses were included in the analysis. Stepwise linear regression and mediation effect models were used to investigate the relationships between social support networks, sense of gain, and psychological resilience.

A positive correlation was found between the sense of gain and psychological resilience (r=0.516, P<0.01), as well as between the sense of gain and social support networks (r=0.383, P<0.01). Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between psychological resilience and social support networks (r=0.321, P<0.01). Psychological resilience partially mediated the effect of social support networks on the sense of gain, with a mediation effect value of 1.113, accounting for 34% of the total effect.

There is a significant association between social support networks, psychological resilience, and the sense of gain among elderly individuals in the community. Social support networks enhance the sense of gain by improving psychological resilience.

To examine the association between physical activity and its different domains with sleep quality among rural older adults in Chengdu, and to further investigate whether this relationship differs between different age groups.

Using data from a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted from May 2021 to May 2023 in rural areas of Chengdu, the study included 511 older adults aged 60 years and above from eight villages. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and other instruments. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationship between physical activity andits three domains (leisure time physical activity, work-related physical activity, and household physical activity) and sleep quality.

There was a statistically significant association between leisure time physical activity and sleep quality (P< 0.05), and there was no statistically significant association of total physical activity, work-related physical activity, household physical activity with sleep quality (P > 0.05). The association between leisure time physical activity and sleep quality was more pronounced among those aged ≥ 70 years (β=-0.009, P=0.049).

Rural older adults with higher leisure time physical activity level have better sleep quality. There is a need to carry out intervention programs to increase leisure time physical activity level among rural older adults to improve their sleep quality.

To explore the relationship between the prevalence of arthritis and cognitive function in the elderly and to verify the mediating effect of activities of daily living(ADL) and the moderating effect of social engagement to provide a reference point for promoting active aging.

This study based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2020, a moderated mediated-effects model was constructed using the PROCESS 4.1 program to analyze the mechanisms of ADL and social engagement in the effects of arthritis on cognitive function in the elderly.

A total of 5 882 elderly were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of arthritis in the elderly had a significant negative effect on cognitive function (β=-1.050, P<0.001); ADL partially mediated between the two, with a significant mediating effect (95% CI:-0.430--0.194), and an effect value of -0.306, with an effect percentage of 29.1%; social engagement significantly moderated the effect of ADL on cognitive function (β=1.594, P<0.001), and the predictive effect of ADL on cognitive function was more significant for the elderly with low social engagement.

ADL mediates the relationship between arthritis prevalence and cognitive function in the elderly; social engagement moderates the relationship between ADL and cognitive function; the elderly should be more aware of precautions to reduce the incidence of the disease; family doctor service teams should strengthen the health management and early intervention of arthritis in the elderly and provide scientific guidance on the use of medication; enhance the ADL of the elderly; and encourage the social engagement of the elderly to strengthen their cognitive function and achieve active ageing.

To explore the influence of socioeconomic status on cognitive level and the longitudinal mediating role of loneliness and social participation among the elderly.

A total of 2 060 research samples were included in the 2011, 2014 and 2018 longitudinal data of the China Elderly Health Influencing Factors Longitudinal Survey (CLHLS), and the data were analyzed using cross-lagged mediation model.

There was a positive correlation between the pre-test socioeconomic status and the post-test cognitive level of the elderly, and the association was statistically significant （β=1.048, P<0.001）. The results of 95% of the bootstrap mediating effect test showed that the longitudinal mediating effect of loneliness in the elderly between socioeconomic status and cognition was insignificant -0.004 （-0.012-0.004）. The socioeconomic status of the elderly indirectly positively affected the cognitive level by positively affecting social participation 0.022 （0.009-0.036）, and the mediating effect was 33.06%. The longitudinal chain mediating effect between loneliness and social participation between socioeconomic status and cognition was significantly 0.010（0.002-0.019）, and the mediating effect was 21.03%.

The socioeconomic status of the elderly affects the cognitive level, the social participation of the elderly is the mediating variable of the socioeconomic status affecting the cognitive level,and there is a chain mediating effect between economic status and cognitive level in the elderly's loneliness and social participation. In the future prevention of cognitive dysfunction in older adults, special attention should be paid to the impact of socioeconomic status loneliness, and social participation.

To explore the complex relationship between pain, ability to perform daily activities, life satisfaction and sleep in older patients with chronic diseases, and to provide new perspectives and intervention strategies to improve their sleep.

Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2020, this study selected patients with chronic diseases aged 60 years and above as the study subjects, and screened out the sample size of 8 591 that met the criteria.T-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson's correlation analysis were used for the univariate analyses, and PROCESS 4.2 was used for the mediation effect analyses and tests.

Pain in older adults was negatively correlated with sleep duration (r=-0.197) and life satisfaction (r= -0.132), and positively correlated with ability to perform daily activities (r=0.292). The mediation test reported that pain in older adults had a direct effect on sleep duration (95% CI: -0.082--0.057), with ability to perform daily activities (95% CI: -0.015--0.017) and life satisfaction (95% CI: -0.005-0.002) acting as chained mediators between the two.

When improving the health management of older patients with chronic diseases, there is a need to focus on pain, daily mobility and life satisfaction in order to develop more effective intervention strategies.

To analyze the correlation between health literacy and health-related quality of life among the elderly in China.

A multi-stage random sampling method was used to measure the health literacy and health-related quality of life of the participants using short-form health literacy survey questionnaire (HLS-SF12) and the European five-dimensional five-level health scale (EQ-5D-5L), respectively. Health-related quality of life was evaluated by using the health utility value. Spearman’s correlation analysis, tobit regression analysis, and restricted cubic spline were used to analyze the correlation between health literacy and HRQoL in elder adults, and sensitivity analyses were performed by excluding participants with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and overweight and obesity.

A total of 1 147 cases of older adults aged ≥60 years were included, with 581 male cases (50.65%) and the age range of 71-75 years was the most prevalent, with 361 cases (31.47%). The mean level of health literacy was 34 (30, 36) points, and the mean level of health utility value was 0.94 (0.83, 1.00). Spearman correlation analysis found a positive correlation between health literacy and health utility value (r_s=0.370, P<0.001). Tobit regression analysis found a positive correlation between health literacy and health utility value (β=0.007, 95% CI: 0.005-0.008, P<0.001). Restricted cubic spline showed an irregular “right skewed” distribution between health literacy and health utility value after adjusting for confounding factors; The relationship between health literacy and health utility value still existed in the sensitivity analyses of elder adults who excluded participants with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and overweight and obesity.

The health literacy level is an influential factor in the health-related quality of life of the elderly, and improving the health literacy of the elderly is conducive to the patients’ beneficial behaviors such as disease prevention and control, health care, and health promotion.

To provide a theoretical basis for improving the monitoring and management of hepatitis B case data in Qinghai by analyzing the duplicate reporting (re-reporting) of hepatitis B cases in Qinghai from 2018 to 2022.

The data of cases with reported disease type of hepatitis B in Qinghai Province from 2018 to 2022 were collected through the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS), and five types of double-checking rules were set to check hepatitis B cases by using R4.3.2 software , and the restated caseswere further analysedusing χ² test and Cochran-Armitage trend test.

The cumulative number of repeated reported hepatitis B cases in Qinghai Province from 2018 to 2022 was 6 107 (13.01%), and when the time span of the hepatitis B cases included in the study ranged from 1 to 5 years, the restatement rates were 3.76%, 6.90%, 9.31%, 11.39%, and 13.01%, respectively, and the restatement rate was higher the longer the time span of the included cases (Z=57.931,P<0.001). When the time span of the included cases was 5 years, the restatement rates of the eight cities and states in Qinghai Province ranged from 9.45% to 15.25%, and the restatement rates of acute, chronic, and unclassified hepatitis B cases were 11.79%, 13.06% and 12.58%, respectively.

There is a more serious inter-regional and inter-annual restatement of hepatitis B cases reported in Qinghai Province from 2018-2022, and hepatitis B checking should be strengthened at all levels and in all departments, and targeted measures should be taken to reduce the situation of repeated reporting and improve the monitoring and management of hepatitis B cases.

To investigate the current status and related factors of distribution of HIV delivery test among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Guangxi, aiming to provide references for promoting expanded HIV testing strategies for MSM.

From September 2021 to February 2022, 330 MSM were recruited in Nanning, Guilin, Liuzhou and Beihai, Guangxifor aprospective cohort study.Generalized Estimating Equations were used in analyses of related factors.

Among the 319 MSM participants in the follow-up survey, 63.95% (204/319) underwent HIV delivery test.Multivariate generalized estimating equations showed that MSM with health insurance (aOR=1.959, 95% CI: 1.047-3.664), those with a college and above (aOR=1.736, 95% CI: 1.173-2.569), those who had undergone HIV testing in the past 3 months (aOR=3.565, 95% CI: 2.048-6.205), and those who had used HIV self-testing in the past 3 months (aOR=1.780, 95% CI: 1.227-2.582) were more willing to undergo HIV delivery test.

The proportion of HIV delivery test of MSM in Guangxi was63.95%.MSM with health insurance, a college or above education,had HIV test, and HIV self-testing in the past 3 months were more willing to undergo HIV delivery test.We should strengthen the publicity and promotion of HIV delivery test, encouraging individuals to participate in HIV delivery test in this population.

To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and trends of notifiable infectious diseases among ≥ 60-year-olds in Chaoyang District, Beijing, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the elderly population.

The data of ≥ 60-year-old cases of notifiable infectious diseases in Chaoyang District from 2014 to 2023 were collected through the Infectious Disease Reporting Information System of the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and the incidence trends and epidemiological characteristics of cases were descriptively analyzed.

From 2014 to 2023, the average annual incidence rate of notifiable infectious diseases among ≥ 60-year-old population in Chaoyang District was 864.01/100 000 showing an upward trend over the years (AAPC=31.50%, P<0.05). The incidence was highest in the ≥ 85-year-old population, and the incidence rate of males was 1 020.40/100 000 and higher than that of females (922.03/100 000) (χ²=150.333, P<0.001). 48 979 cases were mainly respiratory infections, accounting for 84.56%, its incidence showed an increasing trend, while that of intestinal infectious diseases showed a decreasing trend (AAPC=40.77%, -9.12%, P<0.05). A total of 317 deaths had been reported, with an average annual mortality rate of 4.63 per 100 000.

From 2014 to 2023, the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases among ≥ 60-year-old population in Chaoyang District showed a significant upward trend, and it is necessary to pay attention to tuberculosis, AIDS and influenza. Males are at high risk of respiratory and bloodborne and sexually transmitted infections; The incidence of respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases from 2020 to 2023 has no obvious seasonal characteristics, and the peak increases.

To analyze the incidence rate, spatial trends and clustering characteristics of the echinococcosis in Tibet Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2023, with the aim of providing a scientific basis for the formulation of targeted prevention and control strategies.

Utilizing the echinococcosis surveillance data from Tibet Autonomous Region between 2019 and 2023, χ² tests were conducted using SPSS 25.0 software to compare differences between groups. ArcGIS 10.8 software was used for spatial trend surface analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis.

From 2019 to 2023, a total of 508 074 individuals were screened in Tibet Autonomous Region, with 460 new cases of echinococcosis identified, resulting in an annual average incidence rate of 0.091%. Significant differences in incidence rates were observed between different years and regions. Spatial trend analysis revealed a higher incidence in the west and lower in the east, with a higher incidence in the middle and lower incidence at both ends in the north-south direction. Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that high-high clustering areas were concentrated in southwestern Tibet, while low-low clustering areas were concentrated in central and southern Tibet.

From 2019 to 2023, the incidence of echinococcosis in Tibet Autonomous Region exhibited significant spatial trends and clustering characteristics. It is recommended to strengthen surveillance in southwestern Tibet, assess the epidemiological situation, and explore prevention and control models suitable for this region to reduce the high incidence of echinococcosis.

To mailto:analyze the serovars, antimicrobial resistance status and distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes of Salmonella in Haidian District, Beijing. To discover the connection between antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes, and to explore the impact of disinfectant use during the COVID-19 on antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella.

Serotyping and drug susceptibility testing were performed on 107 strains andnext-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on 27 strains of Salmonella collected from 2021 to 2023.

Salmonella enteritidis had the highest proportion (57.01%). Ceftazidime/avibactam and ertapenem had the highest susceptibility rates (100.0%). Ciprofloxacin had the highest intermediate rate (63.6%), and nalidixic acid had the highest resistance rate (74.8%). Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed increased resistance to multiple drugs. Among 27 strains, the carrying rate of aminoglycoside resistance genes was 100.0%. Most strains carried four or fewer resistance genes (88.9%). Salmonella enteritidis with drug-resistant genotypes of aph(6)-Id, aac(6')-Iaa, aph(3'')-Ib, blaTEM-1B and sul2 accounted for the largest proportion (42.9%). Other serovarsSalmonella with only one type of aminoglycoside resistance gene accounted for the largest proportion (53.8%). The phenotypic and genotypic resistance patterns of Salmonella to streptomycin (sensitivity 100.0%, positive predictive value 77.8%), ampicillin (sensitivity 55.6%, positive predictive value 100.0%), cefotaxime (sensitivity 60.0%, positive predictive value 80.0%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (sensitivity 60.0%, positive predictive value 85.7%), and chloramphenicol (sensitivity 50.0%, positive predictive value 100.0%) showed good agreement.

The antimicrobial resistance situation of Salmonella in Haidian District is serious. The impact of disinfectants and the correlation between phenotypes and genotypes should be focused on in the future.

To explore the mediating effect of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on the association between body mass index (BMI) and thyroid nodules, and analyze the mechanisms of how an increase in BMI contributes to the development of thyroid nodules.

We selected 1 627 individuals who underwent health examinations at a hospital in Shenzhen from December 2020 to October 2023. Demographic data, physical examination, and biochemical test information were collected. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between BMI, HbA1c, and thyroid nodules. The bootstrap method was used to assess the mediating effect of HbA1c on the relationship between BMI and thyroid nodules.

Among the 1 627 participants, there were 520 males and 1 107 females, with males and females accounting for 32.0% and 68.0% of the sample, respectively. The detection rate of thyroid nodules was 40.9% (666/1 627). Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed between the nodule group and the non-nodule group in terms of age, BMI, occupation, education level, salt intake, HbA1c, and alkaline phosphatase levels. Multivariate analysis indicated that elevated BMI and HbA1c levels were risk factors for thyroid nodules, with OR(95% CI) of 1.038 (1.002-1.075) and 1.297(1.060-1.587), respectively. Mediation analysis showed that HbA1c partially mediated the effect of BMI on the prevalence of thyroid nodules (β=0.018, 95% CI [0.007 - 0.035]), with the mediating effect of HbA1c accounting for 31.58% of the total effect.

BMI and HbA1c are influencing factors of the risk of thyroid nodules, with HbA1c partially mediating the impact of BMI on the incidence of thyroid nodules.

To study the main influencing factors of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia using logistic regression and decision tree models and to understand their psychological characteristics, in order to take targeted measures to improve the mental health status of them.

A questionnaire survey was conducted on 537 patients with functional dyspepsia from two tertiary hospitals in Xinjiang, using a general demographic data survey, Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), Multidimensional Health Control Source Scale (MHLC), and Simplified Niping Digestive Dysfunction Index (SF-NDI). Binary logistic regression model and CHAID algorithm based classification decision tree to analyze the influencing factors of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia. Compare the differences between the two models.

Logistic regression results showed that the leaders and staffs of state institutions (OR=5.13, 95% CI:1.031-25.529), freelances, the unemployed(OR=6.3, 95% CI:1.291-30.749), the worse the emotional states (OR=1.167, 95% CI:1.03-1.323), the worse the gastrointestinal symptoms(OR=1.065, 95% CI:1.037-1.095), and health authority control (OR=1.032, 95% CI:1.006-1.06) were associated with a higher risk of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia (P<0.05). The results of decision tree modeling showed that gastrointestinal symptoms, health authority figure control and emotional state were the influencing factors of anxiety disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia, among which gastrointestinal symptoms were the most important influencing factors.

Both models have classification and prediction value, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The two can complement each other, making the analysis results more practical.

To investigate the relationship between the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and the risk of albuminuria in hypertensive patients based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

This study utilized NHANES data from 2003 to 2018, including 5 705 hypertensive patients. Weighted logistic regression models were employed to adjust for confounding factors, and restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to assess the correlation. Finally, subgroup analyses were performed to observe the correlation between SIRI and albuminuria in different hypertensive populations.

Among the 5 705 recruited participants, 54.28% were male. The prevalence of albuminuria was 12.81%. In the multivariate logistic regression model 3 with full adjustment for confounding variables, for every one standard deviation increase in SIRI levels, there was a 20% increase in the risk of albuminuria (OR=1.20,95% CI:1.07-1.34). When SIRI was analyzed as quartiles, with Q1 serving as the reference group, Q2 (OR=1.42,95% CI:1.02-1.97), Q3 (OR=1.55,95% CI:1.13-2.11), and Q4 (OR=1.94,95% CI:1.40-2.69) all demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the risk of albuminuria. Restricted cubic spline fitting revealed a non-linear positive correlation between SIRI and albuminuria. Stratified and interaction analyses confirmed the robustness of the results.

SIRI levels demonstrate a non-linear positive correlation with the risk of albuminuria in hypertensive patients and represent a high-risk factor across different age groups and genders within the hypertensive population.

To explore the reasonable setting of the experimental teaching project of the core course of undergraduate preventive medicine under the background of "new medicine".

A questionnaire was used to investigate the familiarity and score of the core experimental courses of preventive medicine among professionals in medical institutions and universities, and the results were statistically analyzed. Interviews with experts were conducted for experimental projects with low scores and those recommended by employers to explore reasonable experimental teaching projects for core courses of preventive medicine.

A total of 218 valid questionnaires were collected. The overall score of most experimental items in "Public Health Skills" was more than 8 points, and there was no significant difference in scores among different units (P>0.05). The overall score of the experimental items of the other preventive medicine experimental courses was more than 6 points, and the scores of the classical experimental operation experimental items of the CDC and the primary medical and health institutions were lower than those of other units (P<0.05). After sorting out the open questions in the questionnaire and interviews with experts, each employer intended to recommend adding experimental projects of on-site emergency handling and practical operation.

At present, the experimental teaching project of the core course of the undergraduate specialty of preventive medicine is reasonable. The reasonable setting of classic experimental operation experimental items and comprehensive practical experimental items in the core courses of undergraduate preventive medicine is worth studying.