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To explore the relationship between health literacy and health-related quality of life among residents in Qingdao, and to verify the mediating effect of self-efficacy and the moderating effect of chronic disease status in this relationship.
A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 7 000 permanent residents aged 15 to 69 years from 10 districts (cities) in Qingdao. Questionnaires were conducted using measurement tools such as the Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire and the European Quality of Life Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L). SPSS 24.0 software was used for data processing and statistical analysis, and the PROCESS plugin Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating and moderating effects.
A total of 6 385 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with an effective response rate of 91.21%. The health literacy score of the respondents was (44.912 ±14.461) points, the self-efficacy score was (12.908 ± 2.005) points, the health-related quality of life utility value was (0.972 ± 0.078) points, and the number of people with chronic diseases was 1 160, accounting for 18.17% of the total. Health literacy could not only directly and positively predict the health-related quality of life of residents (β=0.074, P < 0.001), but also affect it through the mediating effect of self-efficacy, with the mediating effect being 32.43%. Both the direct effect of health literacy on the health-related quality social support networks, reduce levels of frailty, and enhance health literacy to improve their quality of life.of life of residents and the mediating effect of self-efficacy were moderated by chronic disease status. Compared with those without chronic diseases, the effect of self-efficacy on health-related quality of life was significantly enhanced among single-chronic disease patients (Bsimple=0.228, P < 0.001), and the enhancement effect of health literacy and self-efficacy on health-related quality of life was more significant among multiple-chronic disease patients (Bsimple=0.167, P=0.003; Bsimple=0.253, P <0.001).
Health literacy affects the health-related quality of life of residents through self-efficacy, and chronic disease status moderates the relationships among health literacy, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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