Globally, schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Although mass drug administration (MDA) has achieved certain results in the past few decades, its coverage and long-term effectiveness is still limited. As one of the economical and effective strategies, the standardized and systematic implementation of health education plays an important role in the global prevention and control of schistosomiasis. Taking the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in Tanzania as an example, this paper focuses on school health education and analyzes its positive role in improving students’ knowledge, attitude and behavior change towards schistosomiasis. This paper reviews the practical experience of schistosomiasis health education in Tanzania, analyzes the difficulties and challenges of carrying out school health education in Africa, and provides references for China’s overseas schistosomiasis prevention and control and public health assistance under the Belt and Road Initiative.