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To analyze the malaria disease burden and trends in China from 1990 to 2021, providing a feasibility basis for malaria prevention and control strategies in the context of globalization.
Based on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2021) study data, we obtained malaria prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY),and their age-standardized rates in China from 1990 to 2021. The Join point model was used to analyze the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in malaria disease over the years.
In 1990, there were in total 292 387 malaria cases, 787 611 prevalent cases, and 997 deaths in all age groups in China, with an absolute number of DALY of 64 233. The age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates were 24.48/100 000, 66.10/100 000, 0.08/100 000, and 5.18/100 000, respectively. All age-standardized rates showed a significant downward trend from 1990 to 2021 (AAPC=-61.90%,-68.77%, -51.36%, and -66.25%, all P < 0.05). From 1990 to 2021, the number of cases, prevalence, and deaths among males were consistently higher than those among females, although the absolute number of DALY gradually fell below that of females over the years. In 1990, the highest malaria incidence was observed in the 15 to 49 age group (29.06/100 000), while the lowest was in the under-5 age group (9.08/100 000). The highest prevalence occurred in the 5 to 14 age group (89.90/100 000), and the lowest in those aged 70 and above (59.17/100 000). The mortality rate was highest in those aged 70 and above (0.09/100 000) and lowest in the under-5 age group (0.05/100 000), with a 100.00% reduction in all age group indicators from 1990 to 2021.
China has made significant achievements in malaria prevention and control, but attention must still be given to monitoring malaria in males and the elderly. Strengthening surveillance of imported cases is essential to prevent re- ransmission while improving domestic control efforts.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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