To explore the efficacy of Xiaoqinglong Decoction (小青龙汤) combined with inhalation salmeteroticasone in the treatment of children with cold asthma combined with allergic rhinitis and the effects on TCM syndromes, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and lung function.

A total of 61 children with cold asthma combined with allergic rhinitis in the hospital from June 2022 to September 2023 were prospectively selected and divided into two groups according to random number table method, 30 patients in the control group were given conventional salmeterol ticasone treatment, and 31 patients in the observation group were given Xiaoqinglong Decoction combined with salmeterol ticasone treatment for 3 months. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared. The total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), childhood asthma control test (C-ACT), FeNO and TCM syndrome scores were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) at the predicted value percentage were compared between the two groups. The adverse reactions in both groups were observed.

The observation group demonstrated a significantly higher total progress rate compared to the control group after treatment. Additionally, the TCM syndrome scores for nasal congestion, sneezing, wheezing and cough were lower in the observation group than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, both groups experienced a decrease in TNSS scores and an increase in C-ACT levels. The observation group had a lower TNSS score and a higher C-ACT level than the control group. Furthermore, the observation group exhibited higher values for FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and PEF, and a lower FeNO level compared to the control group (P<0.05). The overall incidence rate was lower in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05).

Xiaoqinglong Decoction combined with inhalation salmeterol ticasone has a significant effect on the treatment of cold asthma combined with allergic rhinitis, improving lung function, reducing inflammation and reducing adverse reactions.