To investigate the mediating effects of visceral fat rate and muscle rate on the relationship between menopausal age and blood glucose levels in naturally postmenopausal women, providing references for diabetes prevention.

Participants were selected from the Guangzhou Chronic Disease Prospective Cohort Study.Baseline data including demographic characteristics, menopausal status, visceral fat rate, muscle rate, fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles were collected.Generalized linear models were used to analyze the relationships between menopausal age and visceral fat rate, muscle rate, and blood glucose levels.

The study included 1 939 naturally postmenopausal women with menopausal age ≥46 years (mean age 59.1±5.1 years, mean menopausal age 50.9±2.4 years). After adjusting for confounders, menopausal age showed linear associations with visceral fat rate (β=0.054, 95%CI: 0.024-0.083), muscle rate (β=-0.113, 95%CI: -0.193 to -0.032), and blood glucose (β=0.032, 95%CI: 0.009-0.055). Visceral fat rate and muscle rate partially mediated the relationship between menopausal age and blood glucose, accounting for 17.04% and 11.65% of the total effect respectively.

Later menopausal age may influence blood glucose levels partially through increasing visceral fat accumulation and decreasing muscle mass in postmenopausal women.

To systematically compare the performance of seven machine learning algorithms in constructing prediction models for tuberculosis (TB) recurrence among newly treated patients in Kashgar, Xinjiang, providing data support for optimizing recurrence intervention strategies in high-burden areas.

We analyzed 69 476 successfully treated new TB patients from 2016 to 2022 in Kashgar, with follow-up through 2023. Independent predictors were selected through multivariate logistic regression. Seven models (logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, multilayer perceptron, XGBoost, LightGBM, and elastic net) were developed and validated. The optimal model was interpreted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).

Among 69 476 cases, 9 444 (13.59%) experienced recurrence by 2023. Fourteen independent predictors were identified. The seven models showed AUC values ranging from 0.705 to 0.762 in the training set, with the decision tree model performing best (AUC=0.762, 95%CI: 0.758-0.766) and demonstrating good calibration. SHAP analysis revealed sputum culture results at diagnosis, local TB burden, and treatment modality as the top three predictive factors.

The decision tree model based on routine surveillance data shows high predictive performance for TB recurrence, with interpretable features that can facilitate early identification of high-risk individuals in clinical practice.

To analyze the impact of BMI on the prevalence of chronic diseases among adult residents and provide theoretical reference for early prevention of chronic diseases.

A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select residents in Shandong for questionnaire surveys. The questionnaire included basic information, quality of life, and chronic disease prevalence. The propensity score matching method was employed to examine the effect of BMI on chronic disease prevalence.

A total of 2 451 adult residents in Shandong were surveyed. When BMI < 18.5 kg/m², the impact of BMI on chronic disease prevalence was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). When BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m², the average treatment effects of BMI on chronic disease prevalence were -0.134, -0.110, and -0.113 (P < 0.05), increasing the probability of chronic diseases by 11.0%-13.4%. The balance test showed that the standard errors of all variables decreased, and no covariates were statistically significant after matching (P > 0.05). The common support test indicated that both the treatment and control groups were within the common range and relatively symmetric, with almost no systematic differences after matching, demonstrating good matching quality.

BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m² increases the probability of chronic diseases among residents. It is necessary to strengthen weight management and public awareness campaigns, expand coverage for key populations, clarify intergroup differences, and propose targeted health management strategies. The roles of the government, primary healthcare institutions, and family doctors should be fully utilized to improve chronic disease prevention and management, thereby enhancing residents’ quality of life.

To analyze the trends of low back pain (LBP) burden in China from 1990 to 2021 and project future trends through 2036.

Data on prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database. Joinpoint regression analyzed trends from 1990 to 2021, while Bayesian age-period-cohort modeling projected trends from 2022 to 2036.

From 1990 to 2021, while total LBP cases increased in China, age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates showed overall declining trends. Females consistently bore higher burden than males. Projections indicate age-standardized incidence rates will increase for males but decrease for females by 2036.

China demonstrated reduced LBP burden indicators during 1990-2021, with persistently higher burden among females. Projections suggest diverging future trends between genders, with rising male incidence but declining female incidence.

To analyze the burden and trends of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in China from 1990 to 2021,providing reference for prevention and treatment strategies.

Data on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for ALL in China were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study database (GBD 2021). The Join point regression model was utilized to fit the trends over the years, identify significant inflection points, and calculate the average annual percentage of change (AAPC) from 1990 to 2021 to reflect changes in disease burden. The distribution and trends of ALL across different time periods, genders, and age groups in China were analyzed.

In 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and standardized DALY rate for ALL in China were 3.64 per 100 000, 22.02 per 100 000, 1.36 per 100 000, and 74.06 per 100 000, respectively, with a higher burden in males than females. The ASIR and ASPR showed an upward trend, while the ASDR and DALY rates significantly decreased, with the gender disparity in disease burden becoming increasingly pronounced. After 2019, the incidence and prevalence rates in the 2-4 age group declined significantly, with the highest incidence, prevalence, and DALY rates observed in those under 1 year of age by 2021, while the highest mortality rate shifted from infants to the elderly.

The overall burden of ALL in China from 1990 to 2021 shows a downward trend, particularly notable in children, while the burden in adults has increased. There is a need to strengthen preventive measures for ALL among males and children while enhancing effective management of the high mortality rates in the elderly population.

To analyze the mortality rate and trend of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in China from 2005 to 2018 and predict its future trend, providing a basis for effective prevention and control.

NMSC mortality data from 2005 to 2018 were collected from the Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report. The Joinpoint regression model was used to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC) to reflect temporal trends. An age-period-cohort model with intrinsic estimator algorithm was applied to analyze age, period, and cohort effects. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) analysis with integrated nested Laplace approximation was employed to predict NMSC mortality trends in China from 2019 to 2035.

From 2005 to 2018, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of NMSC in China was 0.34 per 100 000, showing an upward trend with an AAPC of 5.6% (95%CI: 3.8%-7.4%). The ASMR was higher in males (0.41 per 100 000) than in females (0.26 per 100 000),but the increase was slightly faster in females (AAPC=6.2%). Rural areas had a higher ASMR (0.40 per 100 000) than urban areas (0.30 per 100 000), but the AAPC was only half that of urban areas. The mortality risk of NMSC increased with age. The cohort effect showed a declining trend in ASMR. The predicted ASMR of NMSC in China is expected to continue rising to 0.78 per 100 000(95%CI: 0.10-1.46 per 100 000) during 2019 and 2035.

The ASMR of NMSC in China exhibited an upward trend from 2005 to 2018, with variations by age, sex, and region. NMSC remains a public health concern requiring sustained attention.

Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD) represent a critical prognostic factor for COPD patients, significantly impacting health outcomes and imposing substantial economic burdens on families and society.This review aims to summarize current knowledge on ECOPD epidemiology to inform prevention and control strategies.

We conducted a comprehensive literature review focusing on the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, and preventive measures of ECOPD.

Global ECOPD prevalence shows a persistent upward trend with consistently high mortality rates. Significant variations exist across countries, time periods, and populations, influenced by multiple factors including environmental exposures, comorbidities, and healthcare accessibility. Key risk factors include smoking, air pollution, respiratory infections, and poor medication adherence. Effective preventive strategies encompass smoking cessation, vaccination programs, air quality improvement, and optimized disease management.

ECOPD remains a major public health challenge requiring urgent attention. Enhanced understanding of its epidemiological patterns and risk factors is crucial for developing targeted interventions to reduce disease burden and improve patient outcomes.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Hubei from 2020 to 2024 and provide scientific evidence for subsequent prevention and control measures.

Using epidemiological history and clinical case data from the China CDC Information System, we analyzed influenza characteristics in Hubei during 2020 and 2024. Count data were compared using χ² tests.

Hubei reported 1 050 819 influenza cases (609 699 cases in 2023, 58.02%), including 377 576 influenza A (35.93%), 99 676 influenza B (9.49%), and 840 parainfluenza cases (0.08%). Influenza A predominated (χ²=530 018.166, P<0.001). Male cases (564 464, 53.72%) slightly outnumbered females (486 355, 46.28%) (χ²=5 806.006, P<0.001). Seasonal distribution showed winter (463 932 cases) > spring (376 247) > autumn (127 067) > summer (83 573) (χ²=395 402.793, P<0.001). Children aged 0 to 9 years were most affected (549 181 cases, χ²=1 358 132.202, P<0.001). Students (410 818 cases) and kindergarten children (193 027) showed highest incidence (χ²=8 079 748.599, P<0.001). Wuhan reported most cases (368 397), followed by Yichang (105 119)(χ²=2 800 000.000, P<0.001).

Influenza in Hubei exhibited distinct seasonality (winter-spring peaks), with 2023 seeing highest incidence. Children under 10 remain most vulnerable, warranting focused prevention in schools and childcare settings.

To compare the characteristics of deaths and disease burden of respiratory tuberculosis in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 and predict future trends, providing evidence for formulating prevention and control policies.

Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) were used to describe deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of respiratory tuberculosis in China and globally from 1990 to 2021. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was used to assess trends. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was employed for prediction.

From 1990 to 2021,the number of respiratory tuberculosis deaths in China and globally was 37 300 and 1 162 800, respectively, with age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) of 1.91/100 000 and 13.96/100 000, and AAPCs of -7.4 (95%CI: -7.8 to -7.1) and -3.3(95%CI: -3.5 to -3.2), respectively. DALYs were 1 375 500 person-years and 46 977 500 person-years, with age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR) of 76.22/100 000 and 580.26/100 000, and AAPCs of -7.0 (95% CI: -7.2 to -6.8) and -3.3 (95% CI: -3.4 to-3.2), respectively. The death and disease burden were higher in males than females. From 2022 to 2036, ASMR (China: males-55.30%, females -62.50%; global: males -36.72%, females -37.50%) and ASDR (China: males -46.50%, females -44.82%;global: males -31.87%, females -32.95%) are projected to decline.

From 1990 to 2021, the ASMR and ASDR of respiratory tuberculosis declined in both China and globally, with a significantly higher disease burden in males. Over the next 15 years, ASMR and ASDR are expected to continue decreasing. Relevant authorities should sustain and optimize prevention and control measures to further reduce the disease burden and achieve more comprehensive disease control.

To investigate the genetic association between gestational duration and fetal mental disorders using Mendelian randomization (MR), and to explore the mediating role of brain functional networks in this pathway through two-step Mendelian randomization (TSMR).

Using gestational duration as the exposure and six mental disorders (autism spectrum disorder[ASD], anorexia nervosa [AN], schizophrenia, etc.) as outcomes, with 191 resting-state functional MRI traits as potential mediators, we analyzed publicly available GWAS summary data. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median method were employed to estimate causal effects. TSMR was used to assess the mediating role of brain functional networks, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate robustness.

Gestational duration showed negative genetic associations with ASD (OR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.48-0.69), AN (OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.66-0.89), and schizophrenia (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.96). Brain networks, including the salience, central executive, and default mode networks, partially mediated the genetic association between gestational duration and mental disorders, with mediation proportions ranging from 19.09% to 52.40%.

Longer gestational duration reduces the risk of mental disorders, and brain functional networks mediate this genetic association.

To examine the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension prevalence among Mongolian adults, providing evidence for dietary interventions to prevent hypertension in this population.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among Mongolian adults from three regions in Inner Mongolia. Principal component analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, and binary logistic regression was employed to assess the association between different dietary patterns and hypertension risk.

Among 2 179 participants, 1 056 had hypertension, yielding a prevalence rate of 48.46%. Six dietary patterns were identified. The beverage-dessert pattern (OR=1.256, 95%CI: 1.008-1.56) and fast-food-whole dairy pattern (OR=1.250, 95%CI: 1.002-1.559) were positively associated with hypertension, while the mushroom-algae-legume pattern (OR=0.701, 95%CI: 0.563-0.874) showed a negative association.

The prevalence of hypertension is high among Mongolian adults. Adherence to a mushroom-algae-legume dietary pattern may reduce hypertension risk, whereas the beverage-dessert and fast-food-whole dairy patterns may increase the risk. Targeted dietary interventions should be considered for hypertension prevention in this population.

To investigate the effects of walnut-derived peptides (WDP) on miR-124-3p, STAT3, TGF-β1, and Smad3 proteins in aluminum-induced cognitive impairment.

Forty male SD rats were divided into control (saline),aluminum model (20 μmol/kg aluminum maltolate, Al (mal)3), 45-day WDP treatment (Al (mal)3 + 800 mg/kg WDP from day 45), and 90-day WDP prevention (Al (mal)3 + 800 mg/kg WDP from day 1) groups (n=10 each). Cognitive function was assessed by Morris water maze. Hippocampal protein expressions (p-STAT3 Ser727, p-STAT3 Tyr705, TGF-β1, p-Smad3 Ser423/425) and miR-124-3p levels were measured.

Aluminum exposure prolonged escape latency from day 2 (P<0.05), which was attenuated by WDP (P<0.05). Aluminum increased hippocampal p-STAT3, TGF-β1, and p-Smad3 expressions while decreasing miR-124-3p (P<0.05 vs control). WDP interventions reversed these alterations (P<0.05 vs model).

WDP exerts protective effects against aluminum-induced cognitive dysfunction potentially through modulating miR-124-3p/STAT3-TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.

To evaluate the effectiveness of salt reduction intervention on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding salt intake among residents in six provinces of China.

This cluster randomized controlled trial employed multistage cluster random sampling to select residents aged 18 to 75 years from six provinces (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangxi,Hunan, Sichuan, and Qinghai). A comprehensive salt reduction intervention targeting multiple populations and settings was implemented, followed by questionnaire surveys and physical examinations. Difference-in-differences analysis combined with multilevel logistic regression models was used to assess the net intervention effect.

A total of 2 269 participants were included (control group: 1 096; intervention group: 1 173). The intervention significantly improved knowledge, including awareness of daily salt intake recommendations (OR=6.124), the association between high salt intake and hypertension (OR=2.652), the misconception that low salt intake causes weakness (OR=2.469), awareness of low-sodium salt (OR=1.650), and understanding of salt content on food labels (OR=2.486). Positive attitudes toward salt reduction also increased, including willingness to choose low-salt diets (OR=2.717) and confidence in maintaining low-salt diets (OR=2.067). Behavioral improvements were observed in the use of low-sodium salt (OR=1.774), reduced consumption of pickled foods (OR=1.300), and reduced intake of salty snacks (OR=1.997)(all P < 0.05). Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results.

The salt reduction intervention effectively enhanced salt-related knowledge and attitudes, while promoting certain salt-reducing behaviors among residents in six provinces.

To investigate dietary intake and explore the association between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years in Hebei Province, providing evidence for early prevention and control.

Using multistage stratified random sampling, 3 228 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from 12 monitoring sites in Hebei Province were selected. Data on basic characteristics, food intake, and physical examination were collected. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, and unconditional logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity risk.

The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 28.78% during 2016 and 2017, with significant differences by gender, region, education level, parental education, and boarding status (all P<0.05). After adjusting for gender, region, and boarding status, the high-carbohydrate dietary pattern was identified as a risk factor for overweight/obesity (P<0.05). The high-protein dietary pattern showed a protective effect, with decreasing risk as factor scores increased (Q2 medium group: OR=0.803, 95%CI: 0.665-0.985, P=0.034; Q3 high group: OR=0.742, 95%CI: 0.584-0.942, P=0.014).

The prevalence of overweight/obesity is high among children and adolescents in Hebei Province. Dietary interventions focusing on increasing protein intake and reducing high-carbohydrate foods may help control overweight/obesity.

To translate and validate the Chinese version of the Sexual Health Literacy Measurement Tool for Pregnancy Prevention Among Adolescents (SHL-PPA).

Following Brislin’s translation model, the SHL-PPA was forward- and back-translated, then culturally adapted by 15 experts. From June to July 2024, 420 participants completed the online questionnaire, with 30 randomly selected for retesting to examine reliability and validity.

The final Chinese version contained 16 items with item-level content validity indices ranging from 0.87 to 1.00 (scale-level=0.97). The scale demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’ α=0.918), test-retest reliability (0.811), and split-half reliability (0.829). Exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors explaining 61.715% of total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit (χ²/v=2.250, RMSEA=0.077, IFI=0.921, TLI=0.906, CFI=0.921, RMR=0.042). Significant positive correlation with contraceptive knowledge (r=0.608, P<0.001) confirmed criterion validity.

The Chinese SHL-PPA demonstrates good reliability and validity for assessing contraceptive health literacy among Chinese adolescents, providing a tool for developing pregnancy prevention interventions.

To investigate the comorbidity status and influencing factors of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure among primary and secondary school students based on the health ecological model, providing evidence for integrated prevention of common student health issues.

Using stratified cluster random sampling, 140 784 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in Hubei Province were selected in 2022 for questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and blood pressure measurements. Independent variables were determined according to five dimensions of the health ecological model, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze influencing factors.

The detection rates were 28.52% for overweight/obesity, 20.52% for elevated blood pressure, and 7.95%for comorbidity. Logistic regression showed that junior/senior high school students (OR=1.25), insufficient sleep (OR=1.31), large family structure (OR=1.05), school bullying (OR=1.07), and lack of health records (OR=1.10) were positively associated with comorbidity risk (all P<0.05). Female gender (OR=0.69), moderate-to-vigorous exercise ≥4 days/week (OR=0.92), suburban residence (OR=0.87), skip-generation family (OR=0.88), and boarding (OR=0.76) were protective factors (all P<0.05).

The comorbidity of overweight/obesity and elevated blood pressure is prevalent among Hubei students, with influencing factors spanning multiple dimensions of the health ecological model. Comprehensive interventions addressing individual, behavioral, environmental, and policy aspects are recommended for integrated disease prevention.

To explore the relationship between children’s sleep quality problems and negative emotions, providing a reference for precise symptom management.

From March to July 2022, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 54 488 primary and secondary school students from 16 counties/districts. After propensity score matching, 13 266 children (6 633 pairs) were included to construct and compare negative emotional symptom network models. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS) were used for assessment, with a PSQI total score ≥5 defining the sleep quality problem-positive group.

The detection rate of sleep problems in children was 12.2%. Compared with the negative group, the positive group showed higher detection rates of depression (5.9% vs 41.6%), anxiety (6.3% vs 45.7%), and stress (1.8% vs 23.4%) (P < 0.01), with significant differences in negative emotional symptoms (12.46 vs 11.48, P < 0.01). Social anxiety (1.16 vs 1.36) and restlessness (1.13 vs 1.31) were more severe in the positive group (Cohen’s d > 0.8, P < 0.01). Arrhythmia (1.40) was the core symptom in the positive group.

Children’s sleep quality problems are closely associated with negative emotions, with particular attention needed for social anxiety, restlessness, and arrhythmia symptoms.

To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students in Anhui Province, providing a reference for scoliosis prevention and control.

From September to November 2022, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 104 022 middle school students in Anhui Province for spinal curvature abnormality screening and questionnaire surveys. Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the influencing factors of scoliosis.

The detection rate of scoliosis among middle school students in Anhui was 2.46%, with thoracolumbar, lumbar, and thoracic scoliosis detection rates of 1.74%, 1.56%, and 1.45%, respectively. The detection rate of scoliosis generally increased with grade (χ²_trend=28.535, P_trend < 0.001), and high school students had a higher detection rate than junior high school students (2.76% vs. 2.21%, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that among junior high school students, suburban residence (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.58-0.72) and overweight/obesity (OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.58-0.75) were protective factors, while underweight (OR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.01-1.66) was a risk factor. Among high school students, suburban residence (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.59-0.76), overweight/obesity (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.65-0.83), correct reading/writing posture (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.52-0.89), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ≥3 days/week (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.74-0.96), daytime outdoor activity ≥1 h/day (OR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.78-0.99), and adequate sleep (OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.68-0.93) were protective factors, whereas underweight (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.08-1.75) was a risk factor.

Residential area, nutritional status, reading/writing posture, physical activity, and sleep are influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students. Targeted interventions based on these factors should be implemented across different school stages to reduce the occurrence of scoliosis.

Cancer screening services represent the optimal approach for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer, reducing incidence rates, improving survival rates, and optimizing healthcare resource allocation. However, individuals often exhibit irrational behaviors, such as underutilization of these services, due to inherent differences in risk preference types.This study aimed to investigate the influence of risk preference types on the underutilization of cancer screening services among Chinese residents.

A multistage stratified random sampling method was employed to survey 2 211 respondents aged ≥18 years across China from September to December 2019. Individual risk preference types were measured using the multiple price list (MPL) design, and multivariate logistic regression was applied to analyze their impact on the underutilization of cancer screening services.

Among the 2 211 participants, 39.48% were risk-seeking, and 51.87% underutilized cancer screening.Univariate analysis revealed statistically significant associations between underutilization and age, gender, education level, commercial health insurance participation, chronic disease status, family history, and distance to the nearest preventive healthcare facility (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that risk-seeking behavior (risk-seeking vs. non-risk-seeking: OR=2.065, 95% CI: 1.414-3.015), age, male gender (vs. female: OR=1.705, 95% CI: 1.196-2.431), chronic disease (yes vs. no: OR=2.406, 95% CI: 1.465-3.951), family history (yes vs. no: OR=5.823, 95% CI: 2.837-11.965), and distance to the nearest preventive healthcare facility (1 000-2 000 m vs. <1 000 m: OR=2.434, 95%CI: 1.068-5.547; >2 000 m vs. <1 000 m: OR=24.090, 95%CI:3.950-144.907) were positively associated with underutilization (P < 0.05). Conversely, purchasing commercial insurance (yes vs.no: OR=0.534, 95%CI: 0.334-0.853) was negatively associated with underutilization (P<0.05).

Residents’ decisions regarding cancer screening utilization are primarily influenced by their perceived risk of cancer and potential losses associated with screening. Governments and communities should enhance service accessibility, improve risk awareness, and emphasize the health consequences of non-screening to promote screening participation.

To explore the transition patterns of latent classes of intrinsIC capacity (IC) and their associations with adverse health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults.

A convenience sample of 512 older adults from Lishui, Zhejiang was followed for one year (T1, T2). Latent transition analysis was used to identify IC latent classes and analyze their transition patterns.

Three IC latent classes were identified: low IC (T1: 19.14%), moderate IC (43.75%), and high IC (37.11%). IC classes remained relatively stable over one year, with transitions mainly occurring between adjacent classes: 9.2% of low IC improved to moderate IC;14.3% of moderate IC improved to high IC while 7.1% deteriorated to low IC; and 15.8% of high IC declined to moderate IC. Chi-square tests revealed that persistent low IC (χ²=5.986, P<0.05) or moderate IC (χ²=0.044, P<0.05), and transition from high to moderate IC (χ²=0.015, P<0.05) were associated with recurrent falls (≥2 times). Transition from moderate to low IC increased hospitalization risk (χ²=5.042, P<0.05).

IC latent classes demonstrate relative stability in community-dwelling older adults over one year, with predominant transitions between adjacent classes. These transitions are signifICantly associated with risks of falls and hospitalization.

To analyze the influencing factors and urban-rural differences in health impairment among empty-nest elderly in China, providing references for reducing health risks and optimizing allocation of elderly care resources.

Using data from 4 025 empty-nest elderly in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS 2018), binary logistic regression was employed to identify influencing factors, and Fairlie decomposition was used to analyze urban-rural differences.

The prevalence of health impairment was 10.58%.Logistic regression showed significant associations with age, physical examination, pension insurance, ≥2 chronic diseases, outdoor activities, and access to healthcare/life care services. Fairlie decomposition revealed a total urban-rural difference of -0.0606, with 44.06% explained by observable factors. The main contributors were: number of chronic diseases (28.22%), healthcare access (19.64%), outdoor activities (-14.36%), and physical examination (7.76%).

Urban empty-nest elderly show higher health impairment rates than rural counterparts. Priority should be given to addressing disparities in chronic disease management, healthcare access, outdoor activities, and health examination between urban and rural areas.

To examine the impact of fertility opportunity cost on childbearing intention among career women, with particular focus on career development cost.

Using data from the Chinese Residents’ Psychology and Behavior Survey, we analyzed 2 183 career women through binary logistic regression to assess how fertility opportunity costs (represented by career development costs) influence childbearing intentions.

Among participants, 348 (15.9%) reported higher career development costs, while 627 (28.7%) expressed childbearing intention. Regression analysis showed positive associations between childbearing intention and: Han ethnicity (OR=1.863, 95%CI: 1.086-3.196), being married (OR=2.528,95%CI: 1.842-3.471), having ≥2 children (OR=1.687, 95%CI: 1.175-2.423), and higher career development costs (OR=1.336,95%CI: 1.038-1.721). Negative associations were found for age ≥36 years (OR=0.465, 95%CI: 0.273-0.795) and government/institutional employment (OR=0.770, 95%CI: 0.597-0.994).

Fertility opportunity costs, particularly career development costs, significantly influence career women’s childbearing intentions. These findings highlight the need for workplace policies that better support work-life balance and reduce opportunity costs associated with childbearing.

To construct a contemporaneous network model of adolescent obesity-related eating behaviors and family health, identifying potential intervention targets to provide reference for effective management of obesity-related eating behaviors and prevention of obesity-related diseases.

A multi-stage sampling method was used to select 1 065 adolescents from 120 Chinese cities between July and September 2021. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, Chinese version of the Sakata Eating Behavior Scale, and Chinese version of the Family Health Scale. Network analysis was performed using R language to explore relationships between obesity-related eating behaviors and family health.

The network model revealed FH2 (family health lifestyle) as the node with the highest expected influence (EI=0.970). EB6 (others’ eating behavior stimulates my eating desire) showed the highest bridge expected influence (BEI=0.048), while FH3 (family health resources, BEI=-0.397) and EB1 (irregular mealtime, BEI=-0.235) exerted strong negative connecting effects in the network.

Interactive relationships exist between adolescent obesity-related eating behaviors and family health. Targeted interventions focusing on eating behavior regulation, integration of family health resources, and establishment of regular mealtimes may improve dietary behavior management and prevent obesity-related diseases in adolescents.

To investigate the status and influencing factors of fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), providing evidence for improving glycemic management and psychological health.

From March 2022 to January 2023, 302 elderly T2DM patients from three tertiary hospitals in Chengdu were assessed using general information questionnaires, Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-Worry Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.

The mean FoH score was 33.009±11.243, indicating high overall fear levels. Random forest model screening (optimal λ=0.77925) identified seven key factors in descending importance: psychological resilience, social support, subjective support, objective support, support utilization, hypoglycemia type, and education level. Multiple linear regression showed psychological resilience (β=-0.315, 95%CI: -0.455 to -0.246), subjective support (β=-0.260, 95%CI: -0.845 to -0.374), objective support (β=-0.176, 95%CI:-0.895 to -0.256), and support utilization (β=-0.145, 95%CI:-1.327 to -0.226) negatively influenced FoH, while hypoglycemia type (β=0.314, 95%CI: 2.227 to 3.873) and frequency (β=0.296,95%CI: 2.632 to 4.719) were positive contributors.

Elderly T2DM patients exhibit high FoH levels influenced by multiple factors. Healthcare providers should enhance psychological resilience and social support, with particular attention to patients experiencing severe or frequent hypoglycemic episodes.

To investigate the compositional and functional differences in gut microbiota between Tibetan hyperuricemia patients and healthy controls in Lhasa.

From the Southwest China Natural Population Cohort, 108 Tibetan participants were enrolled and stratified into hyperuricemia and control groups based on serum uric acid levels. Fecal samples underwent metagenomic sequencing, with bioinformatics analyses comparing microbial composition and function. Spearman correlation and linear regression assessed phenotype-microbiome associations.

Hyperuricemia patients showed significantly reduced α-diversity (W=938.000, P=0.046). Fusobacterium varium (LDA=4.315, P<0.001), Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (LDA=4.284, P=0.018), and Oscillibacter sp. PEA192 (LDA=4.259, P=0.050) were enriched in hyperuricemia, whereas Bacteroides uniformis (LDA=4.032, P<0.001), Phocaeicola dorei (LDA=3.750, P=0.028), and Bacteroides fragilis (LDA=3.945, P=0.005) predominated in controls. B. pseudolongum positively correlated with hyperuricemia (r=0.267, P=0.005), while B. uniformis showed negative association (r=-0.305, P=0.001).

Tibetan hyperuricemia patients exhibit gut dysbiosis characterized by reduced beneficial bacteria and increased pathogenic species, which may contribute to disease pathogenesis.

To optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Allium mongolicum and investigate its in vitro hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities as well as preventive effects on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice.

Single-factor experiments and Box-Behnken response surface methodology were employed to determine the optimal extraction conditions. In vitro experiments evaluated the inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase activities. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, high-fat diet (HFD), and three treatment groups (0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 g/kg doses),with six mice per group. After 8 weeks of intervention, serum lipid profiles, liver enzymes, blood glucose, and histopathological changes were analyzed.

The optimal extraction conditions yielded 10.43 (±0.52) mg/g total flavonoids. The IC50 values for pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase inhibition were 0.99 mg/ml and 5.17 mg/ml, respectively. Compared with HFD group, medium and high dose groups showed significant reductions in body weight, fat mass, serum TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, and blood glucose levels (P<0.05), along with improved hepatic and adipose tissue pathology.

The optimized extraction process effectively enhances flavonoid yield from Allium mongolicum, and the obtained flavonoids demonstrate potential in preventing high-fat diet-induced obesity by improving glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.

To investigate the knowledge and attitudes of tuberculosis (TB) control workers regarding preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, providing evidence for promoting LTBI preventive treatment.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among TB control workers from 14 prefectures in Xinjiang. Data were entered using EpiData 3.1 and analyzed with SPSS 26.0, with statistical significance set at P<0.05.

Among 235 respondents,92.77% (218/235) knew about LTBI, 63.40% (149/235) understood the probability of LTBI progression, 73.62% (173/235) knew screening methods, 29.79% (70/235) recognized high-risk populations, 65.11% (153/235) knew target groups for preventive treatment, and 60.85% (143/235) understood treatment efficacy. Of those aware of LTBI, 71.56% (156/218) believed preventive treatment was necessary. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found in recommending preventive treatment by gender (χ²=4.565, P=0.033), occupation (χ²=10.839, P=0.004), knowledge of treatment efficacy (χ²=16.490, P<0.001), perceived necessity (χ²=122.919, P<0.001), and training experience (χ²=5.200, P=0.023). Main concerns included uncertain efficacy (39.57%), adverse reactions (32.34%), public knowledge gaps (15.32%), and implementation difficulties (12.77%).

TB control workers demonstrated limited knowledge and moderate acceptance of LTBI preventive treatment. Targeted training and education programs are needed to improve acceptance and implementation of preventive treatment among high-risk populations.

To establish a comprehensive evaluation index system for multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection prevention and control in hospitals, and conduct empirical research to analyze current management status and propose improvement strategies.

The evaluation system was developed through literature review, Delphi expert consultation, and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess current MDRO prevention and control practices.

Both Delphi rounds achieved 100% response rates, with expert authority coefficients (Cr) of 0.9736 and 0.9794 respectively. Kendall’s W values were 0.520 (χ²=645.23, P<0.01) and 0.537 (χ²=593.525, P<0.01) for successive rounds. The system demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach’s α=0.757) and validity (I-CVI=0.833-1.000, S-CVI/UA=0.938,S-CVI/Ave=0.990), comprising 3 first-level, 15 second-level, and 48 third-level indicators. Empirical data revealed suboptimal implementation: MDRO patient reporting rate (23.71%), isolation rate (59.79%), PPE utilization (14.95%), and hand hygiene compliance (53.09%). ICUs showed significantly higher MDRO infection rates (1.88‰, χ²=39.130, P<0.01), detection rates (25.58%, χ²=103.308, P<0.01), and identification rates (16.76%, χ²=1629.737, P<0.01) than other departments.

The developed evaluation system is scientifically sound and practical. Current MDRO prevention measures require substantial improvement, necessitating targeted interventions and precision management strategies.

To analyze the quality of life (QoL) status and influencing factors among human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) co-infected individuals in Yunnan using structural equation modeling (SEM), providing empirical evidence for improving their QoL.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to September 2024 using convenience sampling in Dehong, Dali, Kunming, and Lincang. Data on socio-demographics, social support, and depression were collected, with QoL assessed using the SF-36 scale. SEM was constructed using AMOS 24.0.

The mean QoL score (65.91±21.71) was lower than Chinese norms. SEM revealed direct effects on physical health from monthly income (β=0.18, 95%CI: 0.09-0.29), occupation (β=-0.09, 95%CI: -0.18 to -0.01), HIV diagnosis duration (β=-0.11, 95%CI: -0.19 to -0.02), HIV knowledge (β=-0.36, 95%CI: -0.47 to -0.27), HCV knowledge (β=-0.14, 95%CI: -0.22 to -0.05), social support (β=0.14, 95%CI: 0.02-0.28),and depression (β=-0.34, 95%CI: -0.42 to -0.24). Monthly income (β=-0.17, 95%CI: -0.27 to -0.06), HIV knowledge (β=0.14,95%CI: 0.05-0.24), and social support (β=-0.25, 95%CI: -0.36 to -0.11) indirectly affected physical/mental health through depression.

HIV/HCV co-infected individuals in Yunnan exhibit poor QoL. Interventions should enhance mental health support and social assistance, particularly targeting those with low income, unemployment, long HIV diagnosis duration, and limited disease knowledge to improve treatment adherence and self-management.

To evaluate the independent and joint effects of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and sarcopenia on fall risk among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we analyzed baseline data from 2011 and recorded fall events during 9-year follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression models were established to examine independent and joint effects, with sensitivity analyses conducted to verify robustness.

Among 9 037 participants, 3 627 (40.1%) experienced falls during follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression showed both KOA (HR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.38-1.65) and sarcopenia (HR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.11-1.40) were independent risk factors for falls. For joint effects, compared with the non-KOA/non-sarcopenia group, the non-KOA/sarcopenia (HR=1.25, 95%CI:1.09-1.42), KOA/non-sarcopenia (HR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.37-1.67), and KOA/sarcopenia (HR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.46-2.29) groups all showed increased fall risks. Sensitivity analyses confirmed result stability.

Both KOA and sarcopenia increase fall risk in middle-aged and older adults, with their combined effect exceeding individual impacts. Enhanced fall prevention strategies combining early intervention and comprehensive measures should be implemented for this vulnerable population.

To investigate the association between alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and prediabetes prevalence in US adults.

We analyzed data from 2 926 participants (age ≥18 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017-2023). Participants were classified into prediabetes and non-prediabetes groups. AGP levels were measured and analyzed both as continuous and quartile-categorized variables. Weighted logistic regression models were employed to assess this relationship after adjusting for covariates.

The prediabetes group showed significantly higher AGP levels (0.79±0.02) versus controls (0.78±0.01; P<0.001). In fully adjusted models, each unit increase in AGP was associated with 7.8% higher prediabetes risk (OR=1.08, 95%CI:1.453-1.842). Quartile analysis revealed progressively increasing risks from Q2 to Q4 versus Q1 (all P<0.05). Subgroup analyses showed stronger associations in females (OR=1.01,95%CI:1.095-2.778, P=0.043) and younger adults (18-39 years; OR=1.22, 95%CI:1.182-7.965, P=0.008).

Elevated AGP levels are consistently associated with increased prediabetes risk, suggesting its potential as a novel biomarker for early risk identification.