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To explore the relationship between children’s sleep quality problems and negative emotions, providing a reference for precise symptom management.
From March to July 2022, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 54 488 primary and secondary school students from 16 counties/districts. After propensity score matching, 13 266 children (6 633 pairs) were included to construct and compare negative emotional symptom network models. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS) were used for assessment, with a PSQI total score ≥5 defining the sleep quality problem-positive group.
The detection rate of sleep problems in children was 12.2%. Compared with the negative group, the positive group showed higher detection rates of depression (5.9% vs 41.6%), anxiety (6.3% vs 45.7%), and stress (1.8% vs 23.4%) (P < 0.01), with significant differences in negative emotional symptoms (12.46 vs 11.48, P < 0.01). Social anxiety (1.16 vs 1.36) and restlessness (1.13 vs 1.31) were more severe in the positive group (Cohen’s d > 0.8, P < 0.01). Arrhythmia (1.40) was the core symptom in the positive group.
Children’s sleep quality problems are closely associated with negative emotions, with particular attention needed for social anxiety, restlessness, and arrhythmia symptoms.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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