To analyze the relationship between the ratio of glycated albumin to glycated hemoglobin (GA/HbA1c)and all-cause mortality in adults with metabolic syndrome MetS.

This study is a retrospective cohort study utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the National Death Index (NDI) from 1999 to 2004. A total of 1 497 eligible participants were included and followed up until December 31, 2019. The relationship between the GA/HbA1c ratio and all-cause mortality in MetS patients was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, multivariable weighted Cox regression, and restricted cubic splines.

Among a weighted population of 55 224 898 eligible individuals with a median follow-up of 16.3 years, there were 501 cases of all-cause mortality. Participants were divided into three groups(T1, T2, T3) based on weighted tertiles of the GA/HbA1c ratio. After adjusting for covariates, a higher GA/HbA1c ratio (T3) was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in MetS patients compared to the lowest tertile (T1) (HR=1.335, 95%CI:1.010-1.772). The restricted cubic spline analysis also revealed a non-linear “S” shaped relationship between the GA/HbA1c ratio and all-cause mortality (non-linear P<0.05). Subgroup analyses (all interaction P>0.05) and sensitivity analyses (HR=1.344, 95%CI: 1.014-1.783) showed similar results.

There is a non-linear association between the GA/HbA1c ratio and all-cause mortality in patients with metabolic syndrome, with higher GA/HbA1c ratios linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality in these patients.

To explore the association between the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI) and central obesity, as well as the differences among different age and gender groups, to provide a reference for research on sleep regularity and central obesity in the population.

A questionnaire survey and objective sleep monitoring were conducted among individuals aged 40 to 65 who underwent health check-ups at the First People’s Hospital of Fuquan city from March to November 2022, ultimately including 522 participants with complete data. The association between SRI and the risk of central obesity was assessed using a non-conditional binary logistic regression model and restricted cubic splines, along with subgroup analyses based on gender and age.

Among the participants included in the study, 331 individuals (64.41%) were classified as having central obesity. After adjusting for confounding variables, the results from the restricted cubic splines indicated that when the SRI score exceeded 72.67, the risk of central obesity gradually decreased with increasing SRI scores. The non-conditional binary logistic regression model revealed that individuals with more regular sleep patterns had a lower risk of central obesity compared to those with severely irregular sleep patterns. Compared to the lowest SRI quartile (Q1), the odds ratios (OR) for Q3 and Q4 were 0.56(95%CI: 0.32-0.99) and 0.51 (95%CI: 0.29-0.90), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that in male participants and those aged 50 and above, the risk of central obesity decreased with more regular sleep patterns. In males, compared to Q1, the OR for Q3 was 0.41 (95%CI: 0.19-0.91) and for Q4 was 0.37 (95%CI: 0.16-0.86). In the population aged ≥50, the OR for Q3 was 0.41(95%CI: 0.19-0.89) and for Q4 was 0.31 (95%CI: 0.14-0.71). Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results.

There is a certain association between sleep regularity, as assessed by the SRI and central obesity. Higher SRI scores are associated with a lower risk of developing central obesity, particularly in males and individuals aged 50 and above.

To verify the reliability and validity of the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) among firefighters in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (referred to as “Aba Prefecture”) of Sichuan Province, and to make necessary revisions.

A total of 726 active firefighters from various fire brigades in Aba Prefecture were surveyed, and their demographic data were collected. The reliability and validity of the SCSQ was evaluated. The sample was randomly split into two halves, and both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to explore the scale structure of this study and compare it with the original scale structure. The reliability was tested using Cronbach α coefficient and Spearman-Brown coefficient.

EFA extracted two common factors with 19 items, accounting for a cumulative variance contribution rate of 56.53%, with factor loadings ranging from 0.523 to 0.827. CFA results indicated that the structural validity of the revised SCSQ was satisfactory. The total Cronbach α coefficient for the revised scale was 0.884, while the Cronbach α coefficients for the two dimensions were 0.927 and 0.860, respectively, with odd-even split reliability coefficients of 0.905 and 0.820.

The revised Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire demonstrates good reliability and validity, making it an effective tool for assessing the coping style tendencies of firefighters in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province.

To investigate the chain mediating effects of sedentary behavior and smoking on the relationship between screen exposure and visceral fat index in adult men.

Data were collected from the 2020 Chronic Disease Risk Factor Survey in Guizhou Province, focusing on male participants. A health behavior questionnaire was employed to gather information on electronic screen exposure time, sedentary behavior, and smoking quantity. Laboratory indicators were used to assess blood lipid levels, while physical measurements provided data on height, weight, and waist circumference. A correlation coefficient matrix was constructed to analyze the relationships among variables, and a multiple mediation model was developed to explore the mediating pathways of sedentary time and smoking in the relationship between screen exposure and visceral fat index. The PROCESS plugin in SPSS was used to test the chain mediation effects via the bootstrap method, and the mediation pathways were illustrated using Amos.

A total of 1 174 subjects were included in the study. After controlling for age, urban/rural status, education level, marital status, and occupation, regression results indicated a significant direct effect of screen exposure on the visceral fat index in men (β=0.232, 95%CI: 0.915-0.270). Sedentary time (β=0.046, 95%CI: 0.038-0.055) and smoking quantity(β=0.031, 95%CI: 0.004-0.059) were also found to significantly influence the visceral fat index. The mediation analysis revealed that the simple mediating effects of sedentary time and smoking between screen exposure and the visceral fat index were 0.018(95%CI: 0.020-0.033) and 0.056 (95%CI: 0.042-0.072), respectively, while the chain mediation effect was 0.009 (95%CI:0.003-0.014).

Sedentary behavior and smoking exhibit mediating effects in the relationship between screen exposure and visceral fat index in men. As screen exposure is a prevalent lifestyle factor, it is crucial for men to reduce smoking and sedentary behaviors during screen time to mitigate the occurrence of visceral obesity.

To provide a new perspective for exploring the influencing factors of depression symptoms in individuals aged 45 and older in China, helping reveal the complex relationships among potential influencing factors.

Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2018, independent variables were determined based on the five dimensions of the health ecological model. A total of 8 485 individuals aged 45 and older were included. The LASSO algorithm was employed for variable selection, and the Apriorism algorithm from association rules was utilized to mine the causal association rules of depression symptoms among the elderly in China from multiple dimensions.

The detection rate of depression symptoms among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China was 38.42%. The variables selected by LASSO regression included gender from the personal traits layer, self-rated health, life satisfaction, disability, number of chronic diseases, visual impairment, hearing impairment, and nighttime sleep duration from the behavioral traits layer, as well as household registration type and education level from the living and working conditions layer. The Apriorism algorithm identified 21 strong association rules, with the highest support of 20.71%, maximum confidence of 68.40%, and the highest lift of 1.78. Key association factors for depression symptoms among the elderly included living in rural areas, having two or more chronic diseases, nighttime sleep duration of less than 6 hours, being female, having a disability, poor self-rated health, and being relatively satisfied with life, with primary school education. Compared to those with excessive nighttime sleep duration, individuals with insufficient nighttime sleep duration exhibited a higher risk of depression symptoms. The factor of rural residence was highly correlated with nighttime sleep duration of less than 6 hours and having two or more chronic diseases.

This study suggests considering depression issues from three dimensions: personal traits, behavioral traits, and living and working conditions, emphasizing the need to pay special attention to rural populations and patients with comorbid chronic diseases during depression symptom screening.

To analyze relevant data on the burden of appendicitis among individuals aged 70 and above in China from 1990 to 2019, describe its current status and epidemiological trends, and provide scientific evidence for exploring prevention and treatment strategies for appendicitis in the elderly population in China.

Utilizing the 2019 Global Burden of Disease data, this study analyzed the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of appendicitis in individuals aged 70 and above in China from 1990 to 2019. The Join point regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC).

From 1990 to 2019, the incidence of appendicitis among individuals aged 70 and above in China exhibited a year-on-year increasing trend, with the most significant rise occurring between 2000 and 2005. In contrast, both the mortality rate and DALY rate showed a declining trend during the same period, with a substantial decrease starting in 2004. However, the decline rate has slowed down since 2008. Among different gender and age group compositions, the highest incidence was observed in the 70-74 age group, with a higher incidence in females compared to males. Conversely, the highest mortality and DALY rates were found in the 85-89 age group, with both rates being higher in males than in females.

Since 1990, the burden of mortality and DALY due to appendicitis among individuals aged 70 and above in China has gradually decreased, yet the incidence remains at a relatively high level. Therefore, it is essential for China to adopt various prevention and treatment strategies for the elderly population to reduce the disease burden of appendicitis in those aged 70 and above.

To introduce the application of the time series generalized regression neural network (GRNN) model in predicting the incidence of viral hepatitis in China and to evaluate its fitting and predictive accuracy.

Monthly incidence data of viral hepatitis from 2004 to 2019 were collected to construct time series. Data from January 2004 to June 2019 were used as training data, while data from July to December 2019 served as testing data. Both GRNN and SARIMA models were established to predict the incidence from July to December 2019, and the predictions were compared with the testing data. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was employed to assess the model’s fitting and predictive performance.

The fitting MAPE for the GRNN model across various types of hepatitis ranged from 1.67% to 21.22%, while the predictive MAPE ranged from 2.26% to 17.17%. In comparison, the SARIMA model’s fitting MAPE for various types of hepatitis ranged from 3.84% to 7.87%, with a predictive MAPE ranging from 2.54% to 48.89%. Notably, the predictive MAPE for hepatitis A was 48.89%, indicating a significant prediction error.

The GRNN model outperformed the SARIMA model in predicting the monthly incidence of viral hepatitis in China, suggesting its suitability for broader application.

To investigate the correlation between the comorbidity of chronic diseases and concurrent depression symptoms with increased disability risk among older adults in China.

Utilizing data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we analyzed health-related data, including basic information, chronic diseases, depression symptoms, and disability among individuals aged 60 and above. A chi-square test χ² was employed for preliminary analysis of the association between various factors and disability risk, followed by calibration of a binary logistic regression model. The odds ratios (OR) were estimated to reflect the increased disability risk of respondents with comorbidity and depression symptoms compared to other respondents.

A total of 8 762 respondents were included, with a balanced gender distribution and an average age of 68.10 years. Among the respondents, 41.35% exhibited depression symptoms, and 15.10% had comorbid conditions, with a comorbidity and depression symptom co-occurrence rate of 8.38%. The results indicated that respondents with comorbidity and depression symptoms had a 550% (OR=6.50, 95%CI: 4.98-8.47) increased risk of impairment in Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and a 389% (OR=4.89, 95%CI: 4.07-5.87) increased risk of impairment in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), along with a significant increase in the risk of impairment in Activities of Daily Living(ADL) (OR=4.98, 95%CI: 4.16-5.96).

There is a significant correlation between the comorbidity of chronic diseases and concurrent depression symptoms with increased disability risk among older adults in China. This poses a serious threat to the health and quality of life of the elderly, highlighting the need for early screening and intervention, as well as enhanced health education and psychological support to effectively reduce disability risk.

To analyze the current status and trends of the disease burden attributable to high fasting blood glucose related to tuberculosis in the elderly population of China from 1992 to 2021, and to conduct forecasts to provide references for the prevention and control of tuberculosis in this population.

Data on tuberculosis mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) attributable to high fasting blood glucose from 1992 to 2021 were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study database. The percentage change in estimated annual disease burden was calculated to analyze trends. Comparisons were made from a global perspective and across different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, employing the decomposition method established by Gupta to quantify changes in attributable mortality and DALY. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was utilized to analyze the risk of attributable mortality, while the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict standardized mortality rates and standardized DALY rates.

In 2021, the standardized mortality rate (2.03 per 100 000)and standardized DALY rate (46.95 per 100 000) for the elderly population in China were at a moderate level globally. The attributable mortality and DALY rates for males (2.81 per 100 000 and 70.97 per 100 000, respectively) were higher than those for females (1.04 per 100 000 and 24.21 per 100 000, respectively). From 1992 to 2021, both the standardized mortality rate and standardized DALY rate for the elderly population in China showed a declining trend, with a faster decline compared to different SDI regions. The combined contributions of population growth and aging to changes in attributable mortality and DALY were 112.50% and 109.01%, respectively, while the contributions from epidemiological changes were -170.58% and-158.48%. The APC model indicated that the risk of attributable mortality initially rose with age and then declined, as well as decreased over time and across birth cohorts. The BAPC model demonstrated superior predictive performance, forecasting a declining trend in both standardized mortality rates and standardized DALY rates from 2022 to 2030.

The disease burden attributable to high fasting blood glucose related to tuberculosis in the elderly population of China from 1992 to 2021 remains significant. The burden is greater in males than in females, with population growth and aging being driving factors for the increasing burden. Age, period, and cohort all influence the attributable disease burden, necessitating the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control measures tailored to the characteristics of the Chinese population.

To investigate the impact of air pollution on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients.

Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey collected between 2011 and 2015 were analyzed, including 2 860 participants from Shanghai, of which 831 were hypertensive patients. Air pollution monitoring data for Shanghai during the same period were obtained from the National Urban Air Quality Release Platform. Demographic information, daily habits, health status, and hypertension-related data were collected via questionnaires. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the effect of air pollutants on achieving blood pressure targets, and a mixed-effects model was used to study interactions among air pollutants and their interactions with antihypertensive medications.

A total of 831 adult hypertensive patients were included, with a blood pressure control rate of 35.14%. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for O₃ exposure on day 0, the previous 7 days, and the previous 60 days were 1.012 (1.005-1.020), 1.009 (1.002-1.016), and 1.013 (1.003-1.022), respectively. For CO during the same periods, the OR and 95%CI were 1.084 (1.030-1.140), 1.064 (1.030-1.100), and 1.126 (1.050-1.208), respectively. The OR and 95%CI for SO₂ on day 0 and the previous 7 days were 1.056 (1.004-1.110) and 1.024 (1.003-1.046), respectively. SO₂ exposure on day 0 and the previous 7 days (P=0.008; P=0.043) and CO exposure in the previous 60 days (P<0.001) may influence the effectiveness of antihypertensive medications; CO on day 0 and SO₂ on the same day may interact regarding blood pressure control rates (P=0.045); O₃ exposure in the previous 7 days, SO₂ on the same day, and CO on the same day may also interact concerning blood pressure control rates (P=0.004; P<0.001).

O₃, SO₂, and CO are associated with blood pressure control rates. Recent and long-term exposure to O₃ and CO may affect blood pressure control, while recent exposure to SO₂ may influence the efficacy of antihypertensive medications. It is recommended to enhance air pollution monitoring and management, providing guidance for hypertensive patients to improve blood pressure control outcomes.

To investigate the levels of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, and ammonia in the air of hotels, barbershops, beauty salons, and gyms in Shijiazhuang city, and to assess the carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks associated with these chemical pollutants in the air of the four types of public venues.

From 2019 to 2023, air samples were collected from operational barbershops, beauty salons, hotels, and gyms in Shijiazhuang to monitor the levels of formaldehyde, benzene, and ammonia. The assessment of inhalation exposure to chemical pollutants was conducted using the health risk assessment methods established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to evaluate the carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks for workers.

The exceedance rates of formaldehyde in the air of the four public venues were 10.49%, 4.65%, 8%, and 3.13%, respectively, while the exceedance rates of ammonia in beauty salons and barbershops were 5.81% and 2%, respectively. The carcinogenic risk of formaldehyde in all four types of public venues exceeded 10^-6, with the 75^th percentile carcinogenic risk value for formaldehyde in beauty salons exceeding 10^-4. For benzene, half of the carcinogenic risk values in hotels, barbershops, and gyms fell within the range of 10^-6 to 10^-4, with a higher proportion of benzene carcinogenic risks in beauty salons also within this range. The hazard quotients for formaldehyde in all four public venues were greater than 1, with the 25^th percentile hazard quotient for formaldehyde in beauty salons exceeding

There are significant carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks associated with formaldehyde in the air of the four types of public venues in Shijiazhuang city, with beauty salons exhibiting higher risks. The elevated carcinogenic risk of benzene in beauty salons warrants attention.

To understand the current status and trends of the burden of mushroom poisoning diseases in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2023, providing a basis for the formulation of rational prevention and control measures.

A descriptive analysis was conducted on mushroom poisoning incident data from the “Foodborne Disease Outbreak Monitoring System” in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2023. The mushroom poisoning mortality data were organized by gender, age, and year. The World Health Organization’s Excel template was used to calculate Years of Life Lost (YLLs) due to premature death, and the human capital method was employed to estimate the indirect economic burden caused by mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province. The Join point regression model was utilized to analyze the temporal trends in incidence rates, mortality rates, and YLLs rates of mushroom poisoning.

From 2011 to 2023, Guizhou Province reported a total of 2 518 mushroom poisoning outbreaks, affecting 8 716 individuals and resulting in 97 deaths, with a mortality rate of 0.25 per 100 000 population. The total YLLs for the entire population was 2 139 person-years, with a YLLs rate of 5.55 person-years per 100 000; YLLs and YLLs rates for males were higher than those for females. The highest YLLs were observed in the 45 to <60 age group, while the highest YLLs rate was found in the 60 to <70 age group. The overall indirect economic burden of the 97 mushroom poisoning deaths in Guizhou Province was 40.8 569 million yuan, averaging 421 200 yuan per case. From 2011 to 2023, the incidence rate of mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province showed a continuous upward trend, while both the mortality rate and YLLs rate exhibited a continuous downward trend, with annual percentage changes (APC) of 26.79%, -17.76%, and -16.70%, respectively (P<0.05).

The incidence rate of mushroom poisoning in Guizhou Province is on a continuous rise, with higher YLLs in males compared to females and the highest YLLs observed in the 45 to <60 age group, corresponding to a significant indirect economic burden. It is essential to enhance effective public education and continue to strengthen medical treatment to reduce the occurrence of toxic mushroom poisoning.

To explore the relationship between parental occupational types and adolescent depression symptoms, providing a basis for promoting adolescent mental health.

Data from the 2018 follow-up survey of the China Family Panel Studies were collected, including demographic information, behavioral lifestyle, depression symptoms, and parental occupations of adolescents aged 10 to 19. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Simplified Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and parental occupational types were classified according to the “Occupational Classification of the People’s Republic of China (2022 Edition)”. A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the association between parental occupational types and adolescent depression symptoms.

In total, 1 971 adolescents were analyzed, including 1 045 boys (53.02%) and 926 girls (46.98%); 525 were only child in the family (26.64%). Among fathers, 1 531 had an education level of junior high school or below (77.68%), with the majority engaged in production and manufacturing occupations (703 individuals, 35.67%). For mothers, 1 653 had an education level of junior high school or below (83.87%), primarily working in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery production and support roles (812 individuals, 41.20%). A total of 293 adolescents exhibited depression symptoms (14.86%). The results of the multifactor logistic regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for variables such as gender, age, smoking, drinking, average daily sleep duration, and parental education level, compared to the unemployed reference group, fathers in professional and technical occupations (OR=0.251, 95%CI: 0.071-0.889) and mothers in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery production and support roles(OR=0.626, 95%CI: 0.409-0.959) were statistically associated with lower risks of adolescent depression symptoms.

Adolescents whose fathers are engaged in professional and technical work or whose mothers work in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery production exhibit a lower risk of developing depression symptoms.

To analyze the occurrence, regional distribution characteristics, ranking of diseases, and disease spectrum of birth defects in perinatal infants in Xinjiang from January 2019 to December 2022.

Retrospective data were collected from the maternal and child health monitoring data reporting system of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region via the maternal and child health cloud platform, covering all cases of birth defects among infants born in monitoring hospitals from January 2019 to December 2022, specifically those born after 28 weeks of gestation and within 7 days post-delivery, totaling 6 983 cases. General information on mothers, delivery conditions, and general information on infants with birth defects, as well as perinatal outcomes, were collected. Descriptive analysis of the monitoring data on birth defects in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2022 was conducted using incidence rates, composition ratios, χ² tests, and χ² trend tests.

The average annual incidence rate of birth defects in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2022 was 230.103 per 100 000 births, with the incidence rate remaining relatively stable over the four years (χ²=4.757, P=0.190). Significant differences in the incidence rates of birth defects were observed between different regions (χ²=3 039.965, P<0.001). Variations in incidence rates were also noted based on perinatal sex (χ²=37.386, P<0.001), maternal age (χ²=76.313, P<0.001), and urban-rural status (χ²=1 478.493, P<0.001). The top five birth defects identified were congenital heart disease, polydactyly, clubfoot, other malformations of the external ear, and cleft lip.

The incidence of birth defects in Xinjiang remains at a high level, necessitating proactive measures for comprehensive preconception, prenatal, and postnatal prevention and control. Enhancing the quality of maternal and child healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth and promoting prenatal screening and diagnostic techniques across regions are essential to reduce the incidence of birth defects as much as possible.

To analyze the impact of multi-level social capital on the subjective well-being of rural middle-aged and elderly individuals, exploring the roles of different levels of social capital.

Utilizing data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a multi-level linear model was constructed to investigate how individual social capital and community social capital influence the subjective well-being of rural middle-aged and elderly individuals. Instrumental variables were employed to validate the causal relationship between these dimensions.

In the null model, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.135, indicating community-level differences in the subjective well-being of rural middle-aged and elderly individuals. The multi-level linear model revealed that both individual social capital and community social capital positively affected the subjective well-being, with regression coefficients of 0.018 (P<0.05) and 0.001 (P<0.05), respectively. Factors such as age, marital status, self-rated health, physical disabilities, health insurance, and education level significantly influenced subjective well-being, with regression coefficients of 0.118 (P<0.001), 0.051 (P=0.022), 0.181 (P<0.001), -0.155 (P<0.001), 0.070 (P=0.054), and -0.082 (P<0.001), respectively.

The multi-level social capital plays a positive role in enhancing the subjective well-being of rural middle-aged and elderly individuals, and efforts should be made to further improve the social integration of the elderly.

To explore the impact pathways of cognitive decline, risk perception, and self-efficacy on the safe medication practices of empty nesters, utilizing the risk perception attitude framework theory.

A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey involving 361 empty nesters. Multiple linear regression analysis and structural equation modeling were used to construct the impact pathways.

The average score for safe medication practices among empty nesters was 30.59±3.61. Path analysis revealed that cognitive decline directly predicted safe medication practices (β=-0.134) and also indirectly influenced these practices through risk perception and self-efficacy. This included the independent mediating effects of self-efficacy (β=-0.066) and risk perception (β=-0.131), as well as the chain mediating effect of risk perception and self-efficacy (β=-0.088) (all P<0.05).

The level of safe medication practices among empty nesters urgently needs improvement, particularly focusing on those with cognitive decline. Enhancing self-efficacy and correcting risk perception biases may elevate safe medication practices among cognitively impaired empty nesters.

To explore the influencing factors and improvement paths for the equity of public health human resource allocation in China, providing references for accelerating the development of the public health talent workforce.

The study assessed the equity of public health human resource allocation in China from 2019 to 2021 through concentration degree evaluation and employed fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to investigate the pathways affecting its equity.

There were 11 configurations in the high equity group for public health human resource allocation from 2019 to 2021, with a total consistency and total coverage of 0.97 (>0.8) and 0.66 (>0.5), respectively, indicating a strong explanatory power of the model. Population concentration emerged as a core condition across all configurations.

The equity of public health human resource allocation results from a combination of multiple factors, with identifiable key directions. Among these, population concentration is a core factor, while institutional allocation levels and government health expenditures serve as important leverage points. The synergistic effects among various elements, including institutions, individuals, society, and government, contribute to achieving high equity in public health human resource allocation.

To analyze the comprehensive efficiency and total factor productivity changes of county-level medical and health sub-centers (referred to as “sub-centers”) in Sichuan Province, providing valuable references for the continuous advancement of sub-center construction and the healthy development of grassroots medical and health systems nationwide.

A total of 302 sub-centers in Sichuan Province were selected as the research subjects, and the DEA-Malmquist index model was employed to measure and evaluate their static and dynamic efficiencies.

Using 21 cities and prefectures as decision-making units, the comprehensive efficiency of the sub-centers was 0.884, with 12 cities and prefectures experiencing increasing returns to scale and 9 achieving optimal operational efficiency. Analyzing the time series of the 302 sub-centers as decision-making units, the total factor productivity of the sub-centers increased by 1.4%; regionally, total factor productivity rose in 16 cities and prefectures.

The construction of sub-centers in Sichuan Province has been a successful pilot project, with overall operational efficiency being relatively good. However, significant regional development disparities and insufficient technological advancement persist. The government and relevant departments should continue to strengthen policy guidance, develop scientific and reasonable planning, focus on solidifying the grassroots talent base, and enhance information technology infrastructure to empower the vitality of sub-center healthcare.

To explore the categories of depression among college students and their influencing factors.

A cluster convenience sampling method was employed, utilizing a depression scale and an online social exclusion questionnaire to conduct a longitudinal study over four months at two time points, involving 2 000 college students from seven universities across Jiangsu, Henan, Fujian, Gansu, Liaoning, Heilongjiang provinces, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Latent transition analysis was used to investigate the latent categories of depression among college students and the probabilities of transitions between these categories.

The overall incidence of depression among college students showed a declining trend. College students’ depression can be classified into two latent categories: low depression symptom group and high depression symptom group. The high depression symptom group exhibited the strongest stability, with a probability of maintaining the original latent state at 92.4%. The probability of transition from the low depression symptom group to the high depression symptom group was 52.7%, while the probability of transition from the high depression symptom group to the low depression symptom group was 7.6%. Gender (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.57-0.93), age (OR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.79-0.98), and online social exclusion (OR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.56-2.41) were identified as significant influencing factors in college students’ depression and its category transitions.

There are two latent categories of depression among college students, which change over time and are influenced by various factors.

To analyze the depression status and its influencing factors among elderly patients with dyslipidemia comorbidity in China.

Utilizing data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we selected individuals aged 60 and above suffering from two or more chronic diseases, including dyslipidemia, to calculate the prevalence of depressive symptoms. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors of depressive symptoms.

A total of 1 120 elderly patients with dyslipidemia comorbidity were included in this study, with a prevalence of depressive symptoms at 46.79%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that living in rural areas (OR=2.121, 95%CI: 1.475-3.050) and having physical functional impairments (OR=1.053, 95%CI: 1.035-1.072) were risk factors for depression. Conversely, self-rated health (OR=0.782, 95%CI: 0.641-0.955), daily sleep duration (OR=0.835, 95%CI: 0.776-0.899), life satisfaction (OR=0.653, 95%CI: 0.522-0.816), health satisfaction (OR=0.676, 95%CI: 0.554-0.826), and spousal relationship satisfaction (OR=0.691, 95%CI: 0.572-0.835) were identified as protective factors against depression.

The prevalence of depression among elderly patients with dyslipidemia comorbidity in China is notably high. There is a need to enhance the assessment of depressive symptoms in these patients, particularly focusing on those in rural areas and those with physical functional impairments, to safeguard their mental health.

To investigate the impact of intergenerational support on cognitive function among the elderly in China.

Data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were utilized, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0. Both univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to assess the effects of intergenerational support on the cognitive function of individuals aged 60 and above.

A total of 4 154 participants were included in the study. The findings indicated a positive correlation between cognitive function in the elderly and both bidirectional economic support from children and emotional comfort provided by them. However, the frequency of interaction between the elderly and their children did not show a statistically significant difference in cognitive function scores. The multiple linear regression model equation was as the following: Cognitive function score = 31.003 + 1.138 * log (child economic support) + 0.996 * log (parental economic support) - 0.173 * age - 12.939 * [education = no formal education (illiterate)] - 5.578 *(education = primary school or informal education) + 1.137 * (marital status = married) + 1.118 * (pension insurance = yes) +3.276 * (social health insurance = yes) - 3.541 * (daily living ability impaired = yes).

It is essential to maintain communication and interaction between generations. Communities and the government should integrate intergenerational support into preventive health care and elderly care policies as a robust support for “healthy aging”.

To analyze the significance of various factors affecting depression in middle-aged and elderly individuals, as well as the association between different demographic characteristics and depression based on the theory of social determinants of health, providing a reference for improving the physical and mental health of this population.

Using data from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, the research focused on individuals aged 45 and above. A random forest model was employed to rank the importance of factors influencing depression in this demographic, and association rule mining was conducted to analyze population characteristics.

The depression rate among middle-aged and elderly individuals was 34.7%. The random forest model indicated that the top 11 variables influencing depression, ranked by their Mean Decrease Accuracy (MDA) values, were as follows: impaired Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (20.24%), chronic diseases(19.12%), social participation (18.72%), medical insurance (18.10%), age (16.77%), self-rated health status (15.31%), emotional support (11.91%), economic support (10.80%), internet usage (10.67%), education level (9.97%), and sleep duration(9.77%) (P<0.05). The results of association rule mining revealed that the combination of impaired ADL, chronic diseases, age ≥ 66 years, lack of medical insurance, and sleep duration < 7 hours significantly increased the risk of depression in middle-aged and elderly individuals, with a support of 20.740% and a confidence of 77.786%, indicating a risk 3.751 times greater than those without these characteristics.

The factors influencing depression in middle-aged and elderly individuals are multidimensional. Impaired ADL, chronic diseases, age ≥ 66 years, lack of medical insurance, and sleep duration < 7 hours are critical factors affecting depression. Screening for these key factors can identify high-risk populations, thereby reducing the risk of depression and improving the mental health levels of middle-aged and elderly individuals.

To explore the relationships among various influencing factors of cognitive function in elderly patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain of the elderly(CMPE) based on structural equation modeling.

From November 2023 to June 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to select 510 hospitalized CMPE patients at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University for a questionnaire survey. Multiple linear stepwise regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive function in CMPE patients.

The average cognitive function score of the 510 CMPE patients was (24.84±3.792). The SEM analysis revealed that chronic disease status, age, depression, and pain scores had negative direct effects on cognitive function, with effect values of -0.422 (95%CI: -0.668 to-0.268), -0.357 (95%CI: -0.449 to -0.226), -0.146 (95%CI: -0.226 to -0.066), and -0.141 (95%CI: -0.239 to -0.084), respectively. Educational level and social support had positive direct effects on cognitive function, with effect values of 0.201(95%CI: 0.179 to 0.313) and 0.148 (95%CI: 0.096 to 0.260). Among these, educational level, social support, and pain scores exhibited both direct and indirect effects on cognitive function, with total effect values of 0.243 (95%CI: 0.179 to 0.313), 0.175(95%CI: 0.096 to 0.260), and -0.160 (95%CI: -0.239 to -0.084), respectively.

Cognitive function in CMPE patients requires improvement. Medical institutions should conduct cognitive screenings and interventions early to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment and delay the onset of dementia.

To investigate the longitudinal relationship between physical function, impairment in activities of daily living, and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China, as well as to explore the mediating role of self-rated health.

Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) national cohort from 2013 to 2020 were analyzed, including 7 899 participants aged 45 and older. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to analyze the longitudinal association between impairment and depressive symptoms. The Process macro model 4 was used to construct the model, examining the mediating effect of self-rated health, with the Bootstrap method applied to test the significance of the mediation effect.

After adjusting for confounding factors, the Cox proportional hazards regression results indicated that the risk of depressive symptoms for individuals with only physical function impairment, only activities of daily living impairment, and dual impairment was 1.408 times (95%CI: 1.284-1.543), 1.447 times (95%CI: 1.166-1.795), and 1.825 times (95%CI: 1.636-2.034) higher, respectively, compared to those without impairment (P<0.001). Self-rated health played a significant partial mediating role in the relationship between the two, with the effect size being the largest in the group with only physical function impairment at 24.29%, followed by the dual impairment group at 17.02%, and the group with only activities of daily living impairment at 12.15%.

There is a longitudinal relationship between physical function, activities of daily living impairment, and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults. Additionally, self-rated health serves as a partial mediator in this relationship. Implementing targeted interventions to delay the aging of physical functions and improve self-rated health can effectively control the occurrence and progression of depression in this population, facilitating a shift towards preventive measures.

To establish a method for detecting four arsenic species—As (III), DMA, MMA, and as (V)—in seafood using liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LC-AFS).

The detection conditions were optimized, including the type and concentration of the carrier liquid, concentration of potassium borohydride, lamp current, negative high voltage, mobile phase concentration, and pH. Parameters of the established detection method were evaluated, including linear range, accuracy, precision, and detection limit.

Under the conditions of 5% hydrochloric acid, 5 g/L sodium hydroxide-20 g/L potassium borohydride, a negative high voltage of 270 V, lamp main current of 60 mA, mobile phase A as ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (1 mmol/L, pH 8.5), and mobile phase B as ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (25 mmol/L, pH 8.0), the linear range for As(III), DMA, MMA, and As(V) was 0-100 μg/L, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.999. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for retention time ranged from 0.2% to 1.2%, while the RSD for peak area ranged from 2.1% to 4.4%. The recovery rate for spiked samples was between 81.2% and 111.6%.

The method demonstrates high sensitivity, accuracy, and precision, with a short analysis time and high detection efficiency, while requiring minimal reagent usage, yielding satisfactory results.

To understand the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum changes of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Jiangxi Province, and to grasp the trend changes in different time periods and populations, providing a scientific basis for the formulation and optimization of HFMD epidemic prevention and control strategies.

A descriptive analysis of the monitoring data of severe HFMD in Jiangxi Province from 2008 to 2023 was conducted, and the Join point regression model was used to analyze the characteristics and trend changes in incidence by year and gender.

From 2008 to 2023, a total of 2 281 severe cases were reported in Jiangxi Province, with laboratory-confirmed cases accounting for 73.26%. The proportion of severe cases decreased from 17.12‰ in 2010 to 0.15‰ in 2023 (APC = -34.74%). The peak incidence occurred from April to July, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.13:1, primarily affecting children under three years old(86.45%). The overall trend in the proportion of severe cases among males and females was consistent, with both showing a year-on-year decline from 2010 to 2023; however, the average annual reduction was greater in females (37.86%) than in males(32.84%). EV-A71 was the dominant strain among laboratory-confirmed cases (79.89%), but the proportion of other enteroviruses significantly increased.

Since 2010, the incidence of severe HFMD in Jiangxi Province has shown a year-on-year declining trend. EV-A71 remains the dominant pathogen, but it has not been detected since 2017; thus, there is a need to strengthen genetic typing of other enteroviruses in severe cases. Children under three years old are the key target for intervention, and targeted measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of infection in this population.

To investigate the epidemiological trends of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in Toli county, Xinjiang, using a transmission dynamics model, and to quantitatively assess the impact of bivalent vaccine interventions, to provide a reference for the prevention of HR-HPV infections and vaccination strategies.

A transmission dynamics model was established based on the natural history of HPV infection. Data on cervical cancer screening in Toli county were collected, and simulations were conducted under scenarios of no intervention and bivalent vaccine coverage rates of 50%, 60%, and 70%to predict the infection rates, peak infection values, and the number of cancer patients. The future trends of infections and cervical cancer patients over the next 20 years were also forecasted.

A total of 12 549 women underwent cervical cancer screening, with 1 744 cases of HR-HPV infection, resulting in a cumulative infection rate of 13.9%. In the absence of intervention, the predicted infection rate at the end of the study was 16.33%, with an estimated 1 914 infections and 294 cancer patients in a total population of 11 666. With bivalent vaccine coverage rates of 50%, 60%, and 70%, the predicted final infection rates were 15.31%, 15.07%, and 14.82%, respectively, with corresponding numbers of cervical cancer patients being 185, 164, and 142, and total populations of 11 949, 12 005, and 12 061, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of key parameters indicated that a higher clearance rate was more effective in reducing the number of infections, and a lower rate of recovered individuals becoming susceptible again led to fewer infections.

Implementing vaccination and increasing coverage rates can reduce the number of HR-HPV infections and cervical cancer patients in Toli county, which may help mitigate the decline in the total population. Emphasis should be placed on measures to improve clearance rates when preventing HR-HPV infections, as the effectiveness of further increasing clearance rates on infection control will gradually diminish.

To understand the current state of awareness regarding syphilis prevention and control among MSM college students in Guiyang and to analyze related factors.

From September 2022 to October 2023, an anonymous electronic questionnaire survey was conducted among MSM college students recruited through MSM social organizations in Guiyang. The Chi-squared test was used to compare the awareness rates of syphilis prevention and control knowledge among MSM college students with different characteristics, and a multifactorial logistic regression model was employed to analyze the related factors affecting awareness.

A total of 567 valid questionnaires were collected. The awareness rate of syphilis prevention and control knowledge among the study participants was 78.7%. Multifactorial analysis indicated that awareness of syphilis prevention and control knowledge among MSM college students was positively associated with urban household registration (OR=2.554, 95%CI: 1.662-3.923), medical-related majors (OR=3.025, 95%CI: 1.232-7.432), average monthly expenditure ≥ 2 000 yuan (OR=3.416, 95%CI: 1.565-7.455), and having received peer education in the past year (OR=2.554, 95%CI: 1.662-3.923); it was negatively associated with having engaged in sexual behavior after drinking in the past six months (OR=0.501, 95%CI: 0.289-0.868).

The current awareness rate of syphilis prevention and control knowledge among MSM college students in Guiyang falls short of the target rate of 95%. Future efforts should focus on enhancing educational outreach regarding syphilis prevention and control knowledge among MSM college students, particularly targeting subgroups with lower awareness rates. Interventions could include or combine peer education strategies for this population.

To investigate the concentration and genetic variations of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage in Guiyang city from February to December 2023.

A total of 1 034 sewage samples were analyzed for ORF1ab and N gene concentrations using quantitative PCR, and full viral genome sequencing was performed using the Illumina sequencing platform.

Among the 1 034 samples collected, 587 were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The median concentration of the ORF1ab gene was 3.69 copies/ml, and the median concentration of the N gene was 7.57 copies/ml. There was a correlation between the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage and the number of reported cases from medical institutions. Full genome sequencing was conducted on five SARS-CoV-2 positive samples with CT values <32, achieving an average coverage ranging from 63.91% to 97.28%. All viral types identified were Omicron sub lineages, with a total of 110 mutation sites identified. The S protein exhibited 22 amino acid changes, including the critical mutation E484A.

The detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in urban sewage in Guiyang city is relatively high, and the viral concentration correlates well with clinical cases. The application of whole genome sequencing technology allows for the detection of genetic variants in the viral material present in sewage and identifies multiple mutation sites. Monitoring viruses in urban sewage effectively captures the spatiotemporal trends of the disease, serving as an important complement to clinical testing and providing a reference for local governments to implement precise epidemic prevention policies.

To explore the relationship between depression and angina pectoris, as well as the mortality risk associated with their comorbidity, providing references for the treatment and prognostic management of angina pectoris patients.

Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2009 to 2018, data from 11 232 individuals aged 40 and older were analyzed using logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models to investigate the relationship between depression and angina pectoris. Survival curves (Kaplan-Meier) and Cox regression models were employed to examine the differences in mortality risk among four groups.

Logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant risks of angina pectoris across various depression groups (mild depression group OR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.48-2.20; moderate depression group OR=3.40, 95%CI: 2.62-4.42; severe depression group OR=5.16, 95%CI: 3.94-6.77), indicating that higher levels of depression correlate with greater risk of angina pectoris (W=151.93, P<0.001), suggesting that depression was a risk factor for angina pectoris. In the overall population, the dose-response relationship between the two exhibited a gradually decreasing slope, indicating an increasing trend in angina pectoris risk with worsening depression. The Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models demonstrated that the mortality risk in the comorbid depression and angina pectoris group was higher than that in the depression-only and angina pectoris-only groups, even after adjusting for all potential confounding factors (HR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.77-3.12).

There is a significant correlation between depression and angina pectoris, with the mortality risk in the comorbid depression and angina pectoris group being higher than in either the depression-only or angina pectoris-only groups. Future treatment of angina pectoris should also emphasize the assessment, prevention, and treatment of depression to improve long-term patient outcomes.

To systematically evaluate the prevalence of oral frailty among community-dwelling elderly individuals, providing evidence-based support for improving oral health and enhancing the quality of life in this population.

A systematic search was conducted across nine databases, including CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wan Fang Data, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library, from the establishment of the database until June 13, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted relevant information, with data analysis performed using Stata 17.0.

A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 32 655 elderly participants. The prevalence of oral frailty (OF) in the community-dwelling elderly was 31.0% (95%CI: 22.6%-39.4%), while the prevalence of pre-oral frailty (pre-OF) was 55.0% (95%CI: 50.9%-59.0%). Subgroup analyses based on assessment tools, age, region, depression status, and living situation revealed the following: the prevalence using the Oral Frailty Index-5 (OFI-5) was 38.2% (95%CI: 35.6%-40.7%), the Oral Frailty Index-6 (OFI-6) was 18.5% (95%CI: 13.3%-23.7%), and the Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8) was 47.2% (95%CI: 37.0%-57.4%); among elderly individuals living alone, the prevalence of OF was 22.1% (95%CI: 17.6%-26.6%) compared to 15.1%(95%CI: 12.4%-17.7%) for those not living alone; the prevalence of OF among depressed elderly individuals was 25.5%(95%CI: 6.6%-34.4%) versus 12.5% (95%CI: 8.1%-16.8%) for non-depressed individuals; the prevalence in Japan was 62.5% (95%CI: 61.1%-63.4%) compared to 44.3% (95%CI: 33.3%-55.4%) in China; and for the age group 60-69 years, the prevalence was 39.2% (95%CI: 35.1%-43.2%), while for those over 70 years, it was 54.6% (95%CI: 37.5%-71.1%).

The prevalence of OF among community-dwelling elderly individuals is notably high. Factors such as the assessment tool used (OFI-8), geographical location (Japan), age over 70, depression, living alone, and lower income are associated with a higher prevalence of OF. This indicates that healthcare professionals should prioritize oral health in the community elderly population, conduct early screenings, and implement relevant intervention measures to enhance the health status of elderly individuals in the community.

To investigate whether C-reactive protein (CRP) can modulate the relationship between obesity phenotypes and stroke risk in middle-aged and elderly individuals through a cohort study.

Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), participants from the baseline survey in 2011 and follow-ups in 2013, 2015, and 2018 were selected. Based on the participants’ weight status (overweight/obese) and metabolic abnormalities, they were categorized into four obesity phenotypes: Metabolically Healthy Normal Weight (MHNO), Metabolically Healthy Overweight/Obese (MHO), Metabolically Unhealthy Normal Weight (MANO), and Metabolically Unhealthy Overweight/Obese(MAO). Additionally, participants were grouped into three categories based on CRP quartiles. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between obesity phenotypes, CRP, and stroke, incorporating interaction terms between obesity phenotypes and CRP in the regression model. Finally, stratified analyses were conducted to explore whether CRP modulates the relationship between obesity phenotypes and stroke.

Totally 6 868 participants were included in this study, with 421 (6.13%) experiencing a stroke during the 7-year follow-up period. The Cox proportional hazards regression model indicated that, compared to the MHNO group, the risk of stroke increased by 66%, 85%, and 151% for the MHO, MANO, and MAO groups, respectively, with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 1.66 (1.15-2.38), 1.85 (1.39-2.46), and 2.51 (1.92-3.29), respectively. Furthermore, stratified analysis revealed that in the CRP T1 group, the MHO and MANO groups did not show an increased risk of stroke compared to the MHNO group (P > 0.05). In the CRP T2 group, the risk of stroke for the MHO and MANO groups increased by 111% and 127%, with HR and 95%CI of 2.11 (1.11-4.02) and 2.27 (1.29-3.98), respectively. Similarly, in the CRP T3 group, the risks for the MHO and MANO groups increased by 93% and 89%, with HR and 95%CI of 1.93 (1.06-3.50) and 1.89 (1.17-3.05), respectively.

CRP can modulate the relationship between obesity phenotypes and stroke in middle-aged and elderly individuals.