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To investigate the levels of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, and ammonia in the air of hotels, barbershops, beauty salons, and gyms in Shijiazhuang city, and to assess the carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks associated with these chemical pollutants in the air of the four types of public venues.
From 2019 to 2023, air samples were collected from operational barbershops, beauty salons, hotels, and gyms in Shijiazhuang to monitor the levels of formaldehyde, benzene, and ammonia. The assessment of inhalation exposure to chemical pollutants was conducted using the health risk assessment methods established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to evaluate the carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks for workers.
The exceedance rates of formaldehyde in the air of the four public venues were 10.49%, 4.65%, 8%, and 3.13%, respectively, while the exceedance rates of ammonia in beauty salons and barbershops were 5.81% and 2%, respectively. The carcinogenic risk of formaldehyde in all four types of public venues exceeded 10-6, with the 75th percentile carcinogenic risk value for formaldehyde in beauty salons exceeding 10-4. For benzene, half of the carcinogenic risk values in hotels, barbershops, and gyms fell within the range of 10-6 to 10-4, with a higher proportion of benzene carcinogenic risks in beauty salons also within this range. The hazard quotients for formaldehyde in all four public venues were greater than 1, with the 25th percentile hazard quotient for formaldehyde in beauty salons exceeding
There are significant carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks associated with formaldehyde in the air of the four types of public venues in Shijiazhuang city, with beauty salons exhibiting higher risks. The elevated carcinogenic risk of benzene in beauty salons warrants attention.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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