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To analyze the occurrence, regional distribution characteristics, ranking of diseases, and disease spectrum of birth defects in perinatal infants in Xinjiang from January 2019 to December 2022.
Retrospective data were collected from the maternal and child health monitoring data reporting system of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region via the maternal and child health cloud platform, covering all cases of birth defects among infants born in monitoring hospitals from January 2019 to December 2022, specifically those born after 28 weeks of gestation and within 7 days post-delivery, totaling 6 983 cases. General information on mothers, delivery conditions, and general information on infants with birth defects, as well as perinatal outcomes, were collected. Descriptive analysis of the monitoring data on birth defects in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2022 was conducted using incidence rates, composition ratios, χ2 tests, and χ2 trend tests.
The average annual incidence rate of birth defects in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2022 was 230.103 per 100 000 births, with the incidence rate remaining relatively stable over the four years (χ2=4.757, P=0.190). Significant differences in the incidence rates of birth defects were observed between different regions (χ2=3 039.965, P<0.001). Variations in incidence rates were also noted based on perinatal sex (χ2=37.386, P<0.001), maternal age (χ2=76.313, P<0.001), and urban-rural status (χ2=1 478.493, P<0.001). The top five birth defects identified were congenital heart disease, polydactyly, clubfoot, other malformations of the external ear, and cleft lip.
The incidence of birth defects in Xinjiang remains at a high level, necessitating proactive measures for comprehensive preconception, prenatal, and postnatal prevention and control. Enhancing the quality of maternal and child healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth and promoting prenatal screening and diagnostic techniques across regions are essential to reduce the incidence of birth defects as much as possible.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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