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To understand the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum changes of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Jiangxi Province, and to grasp the trend changes in different time periods and populations, providing a scientific basis for the formulation and optimization of HFMD epidemic prevention and control strategies.
A descriptive analysis of the monitoring data of severe HFMD in Jiangxi Province from 2008 to 2023 was conducted, and the Join point regression model was used to analyze the characteristics and trend changes in incidence by year and gender.
From 2008 to 2023, a total of 2 281 severe cases were reported in Jiangxi Province, with laboratory-confirmed cases accounting for 73.26%. The proportion of severe cases decreased from 17.12‰ in 2010 to 0.15‰ in 2023 (APC = -34.74%). The peak incidence occurred from April to July, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.13:1, primarily affecting children under three years old(86.45%). The overall trend in the proportion of severe cases among males and females was consistent, with both showing a year-on-year decline from 2010 to 2023; however, the average annual reduction was greater in females (37.86%) than in males(32.84%). EV-A71 was the dominant strain among laboratory-confirmed cases (79.89%), but the proportion of other enteroviruses significantly increased.
Since 2010, the incidence of severe HFMD in Jiangxi Province has shown a year-on-year declining trend. EV-A71 remains the dominant pathogen, but it has not been detected since 2017; thus, there is a need to strengthen genetic typing of other enteroviruses in severe cases. Children under three years old are the key target for intervention, and targeted measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of infection in this population.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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