This study aimed to investigate the trend of abdominal obesity in Guangzhou from 2008 to 2018 and assess the impact of age, period, and cohort effects on its prevalence during this period.

Based on data from the Guangzhou Community Health Survey conducted every five years, residents were classified into abdominal obesity and normal body type groups according to their waist-to-hip ratio. Time trend analysis and age-period-cohort (APC) models were applied to investigate changes in abdominal obesity and its influencing factors among residents aged 15 to 79 years in Guangzhou.

The annual change rate of central obesity from 2008 to 2013 was 2.41% (1.86%-2.95%), whereas from 2013 to 2018, it decreased to -0.67% (-1.21%~-0.12%), indicating an initial increase followed by a subsequent decline. However, no significant decreasing trend was observed among the elderly population. The APC model identified advanced age as a significant factor for abdominal obesity in both men and women. Between 2008 and 2013, the prevalence of abdominal obesity increased by 15%, with women experiencing a greater rise than men, before declining to slightly below the 2008 level by 2018.Cohort effects revealed that individuals born around the time of China's economic reform had a higher risk of abdominal obesity.

Although the prevalence of abdominal obesity in Guangzhou shows a declining trend, it remains at a high level. There is a need for targeted interventions focusing on the elderly and individuals born around the 1970s, who underwent rapid nutritional transitions during that period.

To study the association between serum albumin level and the risk of respiratory failure after pulmonary infection in patients with pneumoconiosis.

This study utilized data of hospitalized pneumoconiosis patients from 2012 to 2021 and employed the Cox model to analyze the association between baseline serum albumin levels and the risk of respiratory failure following pulmonary infection in male pneumoconiosis patients.

The average age of 1 301 male inpatients with pneumoconiosis was 50.94 ±11.12 years, with a median age of 48 years old. Respiratory failure occurred in 194 patients after infection, and the incidence density was 44.14 per 1 000 person-years. Grouped by whether respiratory failure occurred, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, smoking status, drinking status, length of dust exposure, ALB, BMI and stage of pneumoconiosis (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that compared with pneumoconiosis patients with serum ALB≤35.1 g/L, those with ALB≥40.9 g/L had a reduced risk of developing respiratory failure after infection (HR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.02-0.94, P=0.002). Subgroup analysis revealed that compared with the lowest quartile group (Q1) of serum ALB, in the low BMI group (BMI<18.5 kg/m²), patients in the Q4 group of serum ALB had a significantly lower risk of developing respiratory failure after infection (HR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.20-0.64, P=0.001); in normal BMI group (18.5 kg/m²≤BMI<24 kg/m²), the Q4 group of serum ALB significantly reduced the risk of developing respiratory failure after infection (HR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.09-0.53, P=0.001); and in pneumoconiosis stage 3 group, the Q4 group of serum ALB significantly reduced the risk of developing respiratory failure after infection (HR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.25-0.71, P=0.001). The restricted cubic spline plot showed that when ALB>38.1 g/L, the risk of developing respiratory failure after pulmonary infection in male pneumoconiosis patients decreased progressively with increasing baseline serum albumin levels.

High serum albumin is a protective factor for respiratory failure in male pneumoconiosis patients after pulmonary infection. Serum ALB concentration higher than 38.1 g/L can reduce the risk of respiratory failure after infection.

To understand the concentration characteristics of fluoride in drinking water and the health risk of population exposure in Huanggang City, analyze the epidemic status of dental fluorosis in Huanggang City, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of endemic fluorosis.

Drinking water samples were collected from water quality monitoring sites in 10 counties of Huanggang City from 2020 to 2024, and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years was randomly sampled from 24 villages in the drinking-water fluorosis area of Huanggang City. Excel 2016 and SPSS 20.0 were used to analyze the data. The health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) was used for population health risk assessment.

A total of 3 850 drinking water samples were monitored in Huanggang City from 2020 to 2024. The median fluoride concentration was 0.19 mg/L, and the concentration range was 0.03-0.86 mg/L. There were significant differences in fluoride concentration among different years, water periods, disinfection methods and regions (χ²=60.695, Z=-8.908, χ²= 19.585, χ²=3 754.425; all P<0.001). Water fluorine was strongly correlated with pH, total dissolved solids and chloride (r=0.619, 0.520, 0.516, respectively; all P<0.001). The median and maximum hazard quotient (HQ) values for non-carcinogenic health risk from fluoride exposure through drinking water intake were less than 1, and the difference of non-carcinogenic health risk values among different regions was statistically significant (H=77.626, P=0.027). A total of 5 667 children from infected villages in Huanggang City were monitored from 2020 to 2024. The average annual detection rate of dental fluorosis was 0.49%, and the detection rate in five years ranged from 0.11%to 0.74%, with statistically significant differences among different regions (χ²=123.584, P<0.001).

From 2020 to 2024, the qualified rate of fluoride content in drinking water in Huanggang City was 100%, and the detection rate of dental fluorosis was less than 30%, which met the national standard of elimination of endemic fluorosis, but there are obvious differences between regions. Relevant departments need to focus on the health risk of fluoride exposure and the epidemic trend of dental fluorosis in Hong’an and Wuxue areas. We will take targeted measures to prevent and control endemic fluorosis.

This study aims to explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and frailty using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods and assess the potential mediating or masking effects of immune cells in this relationship.

Genome-wide association study data for 473 gut microbiota taxa, 731 immune cell characteristics, and frailty were extracted from the GWAS Catalog. A two-sample MR approach was employed to evaluate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and frailty. To identify the mediating or masking effects of immune cells, a two-step MR strategy was applied, and reverse MR analysis was conducted to validate the unidirectional nature of the causal mediation pathway (gut microbiota →immune cells → frailty).

The study found that 4 gut microbiota taxa and 17 immune cell characteristics had causal associations with frailty. Mediation analysis revealed two causal mediation pathways: phylum Firmicutes A → CD28+ CD45RA+ CD8br AC → frailty, and species Lachnospira rogosae → CD62L-CD86 + myeloid DC %DC → frailty. Immune cell characteristics acted as masking effects in both pathways, and reverse MR analysis supported the unidirectional nature of these causal relationships.

The causal associations and mediation effects identified in this study provide a theoretical basis and direction for the development of frailty management strategies based on gut microbiota and immune cells.

To analyze the factors influencing of physical activity in frail older adults in nursing homes and their pathways based on the health ecology model.

A cluster combined with convenience sampling was used to select eligible elderly from 8 private nursing homes in Shanxi Province from July 2024 to January 2025. The general information questionnaires, International Physical Activity Questionnair-Short Form, Exercise Self-efficacy Scale, Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale, Social Support Rating Scale and scale of the Elderly Self-neglect were used for the investigation, and a structural equation modeling was constructed.

Among the 352 study participants, 50.9% had low levels of physical activity. Elderly Self-neglect was negatively correlated with physical activity (r=-0.350, P<0.01), Exercise Self-efficacy,Exercise Benefits and Barriers, and Social Support were positively correlated with physical activity (r=0.512，0.236，0.625,respectively; P<0.01). Elderly Self-neglec had only a direct effect on physical activity (β=-0.182, P<0.001), whereas Exercise Self-efficacy, Exercise Benefits and Barriers in exercise, and Social Support had both direct and indirect effects on physical activity (direct effects β=0.254, 0.103, 0.493; indirect effects β=0.033, 0.086, 0.113, respectively; all P<0.001).

The prevalence of low physical activity among frail older adults in nursing homes is high. Particular attention should be given to the physical activity of frail older adults who are elderly, have a low level of education, and suffer from depression. Nursing staff can take comprehensive measures to enhance their exercise self-efficacy, strengthen their awareness of benefits of exercise, and provide adequate social support to reduce self-neglect, so as to promote their physical activity level and improve their health status.

To explore the impact of dynamic changes in depressive states on activity of daily living (ADL) limitations among middle-aged and older adults.

Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2020, 8 617 individuals aged 45 and above were included. The transition characteristics of depressive states were analyzed using a Markov chain model. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of depressive changes, and the impact of different depressive trajectories on ADL limitations was assessed using multivariate logistic regression.

The transition probabilities of depressive states showed that the stability of no depression (0.76) and severe depression (0.37) was the highest. However, the transition probabilities from no depression to moderate and severe depression were 0.32 and 0.2,respectively. Latent class analysis identified three types of depressive trajectories: low-stable (1 007 cases with ADL limitations), gradually increasing (1 526 cases), and highly fluctuating (665 cases). Multivariate logistic regression showed that compared with the low-stable group, the risk of ADL limitations was significantly higher in the highly fluctuating group (OR=7.75, 95%CI: 6.54-9.17, P<0.05), followed by the gradually increasing group (OR=2.86; 95%CI: 2.58-3.18, P<0.05).

Dynamic changes in depressive states significantly affect ADL limitations. The group with highly fluctuating depressive trajectories has the highest risk. Clinically, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of depressive trajectories and design enhanced interventions for individuals with fluctuating depression to improve functional outcomes.

To understand the current situation and influencing factors of lactation mastitis in postpartum females, and to provide useful evidence for the prevention and control of lactation mastitis.

From January to October 2024, a cohort of pregnant females at 32-42 weeks of gestation was established in a tertiary hospital in Karamay city, and followed up until 42 days postpartum. Among them, 196 females who developed lactation mastitis were selected as the case group, and 196 females who did not develop lactation mastitis were matched 1:1 according to age ± 2 years as the control group. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the basic information of the females. χ² test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors.

A total of 624 pregnant females were included in this study.During the study period, 196 cases of lactation mastitis occurred, with an incidence rate of 31.41%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that primiparity (OR=2.086, 95% CI: 1.316-3.307), nipple fissure (OR=3.593, 95% CI: 2.261-5.711),excessive milk production (OR=2.697, 95% CI: 1.393-2.261), family dysfunction (OR=2.435, 95% CI: 1.264-4.691), and co-occurrence of postpartum depression and anxiety (CAD) (OR=2.551, 95% CI: 1.369-4.755) were risk factors for lactation mastitis in postpartum females.

Hospitals and communities should fully play their supportive roles, provide personalized and systematic breastfeeding consultation and guidance for postpartum females and their family members, and emphasize the importance of family support to reduce the occurrence of lactation mastitis in postpartum females and promote breastfeeding.

Analyze the disease burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in females in China and globally to provide reference for the prevention and control of IBD in females.

The data on IBD in females in China and globally were extracted from the most recent update of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study available as of 2021. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) were calculated. Joinpoint analysis was used to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC).

From 1990 to 2021, the ASIR and ASPR of IBD among Chinese females showed upward trends, with AAPC of 2.1% and 1.55%, respectively. Meanwhile, ASMR and ASDR exhibited downward trends, with AAPC values of -3.45% and -3.67%, respectively. Globally, the ASIR of IBD in females increased at an AAPC of 0.17%, while ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR all demonstrated downward trends, with AAPC of -0.25%, -0.53%, and-0.58%, respectively.

Chinese females exhibit significantly higher growth rates in IBD incidence and prevalence compared to global female averages, while demonstrating more pronounced declines in mortality and DALYs burden than global female averages. Although current disease burden remains lower than the global average, the rapid escalation highlights substantial health threats.

To investigate the association between the ratio of triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the incidence of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults, and to provide a reference for the development of hypertension intervention strategies.

This study included 6 231 participants from the baseline and 2015 follow-up data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between the TG/HDL-C ratio and the prevalence of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly populations. After excluding individuals diagnosed with hypertension before 2015, the cumulative TG/HDL-C ratio was calculated, and logistic regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between the cumulative TG/HDL-C ratio and the incidence of hypertension. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to fit the dose-response relationship between the cumulative TG/HDL-C ratio and the risk of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly populations.

From 2011 to 2015, 2 438 individuals (39.13%) were diagnosed with hypertension, and in 2015, 625 individuals (16.48%) developed hypertension. Logistic regression analysis revealed that an elevated TG/HDL-C ratio was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.02-1.03). The highest quartile of the TG/HDL-C ratio was identified as a risk factor for hypertension (OR=1.34，95% CI：1.02-1.74). Furthermore, a linear association was observed between the cumulative TG/HDL-C ratio and the incidence of hypertension (P-nonlinear=0.232).

An elevated TG/HDL-C ratio is a risk factor for hypertension in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.

Based on the person-environment fit (PEF) theory, a theoretical model of worker-occupation fit related stress (MWOFS) is constructed to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the identification and intervention of occupational stress.

Integrating theoretical analysis with empirical validation, the MWOFS model was constructed through literature comparison, inductive reasoning, and programmatic decision-making methods. A logistic regression model was used to examine the interaction effect between worker occupation fit and occupational stress on psychological, physical, and social outcomes. Furthermore, the impact of poor fit on the risk of health outcomes was calculated.

The conceptual model of the MWOFS was established based on the core elements of worker occupation fit, occupational stress, and stress related disorders. The content model provided theoretical guidance for empirical research by expanding the core elements and formulating pathway hypotheses for validation. This study included a total of 3 451 healthcare-related workers as research subjects. The empirical results showed that the interaction between misfit and occupational stress increased the risk of stress-related disorders. Compared to individuals with worker occupation fit, those with misfit exhibited elevated risks for mental responses (34.7%), physiological responses (23.1%), and chronic diseases (10.9%).

MWOFS provides a reasonable framework for integrating influencing factors of occupational stress. It also scientifically evaluates the principal health impairments in working populations arising from the interaction between workeroccupation fit and occupational stress, and proposes innovative approaches for risk stratified management of occupation related diseases and the development of targeted intervention strategies.

To evaluate the quality of response reports for non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning incidents in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2023.

Data were collected from the national “Public Health Emergency Reporting Management Information System” online reporting platform. An indicator system was constructed based on national policy documents and literature analysis, and the weights of indicators were calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The quality of the reports was further evaluated using the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method.

The evaluation system consisted of 3 first-level indicators and 11 second-level indicators. The study evaluated a total of 8 612 cases. Temporally, the 2020 emergency response work reports demonstrated the highest comprehensive quality (C_i=0.777), while 2023 showed the lowest (C_i=0.272). At the prefecture-level city tier, Yantai City (C_i=0.778) and Jining City (Ci=0.679) ranked highest. In regional comparisons, the Jiaodong Urban Cluster achieved the best comprehensive quality (C_i=0.596), outperforming both the Provincial Capital Urban Cluster (C_i=0.553) and the Southern Shandong Urban Cluster (C_i=0.359). Evaluation of first-level indicators revealed that the Provincial Capital Urban Cluster excelled in event monitoring and reporting (C_i=0.646) as well as event investigation and handling (C_i=0.566), whereas the Jiaodong Urban Cluster showed significant advantages in post-event performance evaluation (C_i=0.963). The Southern Shandong Urban Cluster exhibited relatively weaker performance across all dimensions.

There are disparities in the performance of the Shandong Province non-occupational carbon monoxide response work report across different years, cities, and regions.

To investigate the veterinary drug residue status of commercially available freshwater fish in Henan Province from 2021 to 2024 and evaluate the dietary exposure risk.

A total of 186 samples of freshwater fish were randomly collected from 2021 to 2024, and six quinolone antibiotics, two anesthetics and two sedative-hypnotics were detected according to the standard procedures in the “National Food Contamination and Hazardous Factors Risk Monitoring Operation Manual”. General descriptive analysis and χ² tests were performed using Excel and SAS software. The probability distribution of drug exposure was calculated using Monte Carlo combined with the consumption of freshwater fish in Henan Province, and the health risk was evaluated using the hazard quotient (HQ).

A total of 152 out of 186 freshwater fish samples were detected with veterinary drug residues, with a detection rate of 81.72%; 39 samples were unqualified, with an unqualified rate of 20.96%. The veterinary drug detection rates in descending order were: enrofloxacin, eugenol > diazepam > ofloxacin, oxazepam (χ²=309.867, P < 0.001), and the unqualified rate of diazepam was the highest (χ²=61.822, P < 0.001). There were significantly statistical differences in the detection rates and unqualified rates in different years (χ²=24.962; χ²=19.731, all P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the detection rates and unqualified rates of veterinary drugs in freshwater fish between farmers’ markets and stores (χ²=0.806, P=0.369; χ²=2.788, P=0.095). The P₉₅ exposure amount of enrofloxacin in freshwater fish consumed by adults in Henan Province was 0.11 μg/(kg·BW), accounting for 1.77% of the ADI. The P₉₅ exposure of eugenol was 4.02 μg/(kg·BW), accounting for 0.16% of the ADI.

Veterinary drug residues were present in freshwater fish sold in Henan Province, but the overall exposure risk was low, with all HQ less than 1.

To establish gestational age-specific weight gain trajectories associated with birth outcomes—small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA)—among females with different pre-pregnancy body mass index (preBMI) categories in Guangxi, China, and to compare these trajectories with the current national guidelines. The goal is to provide evidence for developing region-specific recommendations on gestational weight gain (GWG).

This study included 5 562 singleton pregnant females who delivered at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region between 2019 and 2021 and had complete clinical records. Gestational weight gain percentile curves were constructed for each birth weight category based on different preBMI strata and were compared with national guideline ranges. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between preBMI-specific GWG at different gestational stages and neonatal birth weight outcomes.

For AGA outcomes, the recommended total GWG ranges were 12.81-16.50 kg for underweight females, 11.87-16.17 kg for normal-weight females, 10.46-15.41 kg for overweight females, and 7.51-13.29 kg for obese females. These ranges were all slightly higher than those suggested by the national guidelines,indicating potential regional differences in gestational weight gain. Total GWG was negatively associated with the risk of SGA and positively associated with the risk of LGA, with the impact on SGA gradually diminishing as preBMI increased. For SGA,weight gain during the first and second trimesters was negatively associated with the risk of SGA in females with underweight and normal pre-pregnancy BMI, while a similar trend was observed in overweight females during the second trimester. For LGA,weight gain in the first and second trimesters was positively associated with the risk of LGA in underweight and overweight females. In normal-weight females, a similar association was observed across all trimesters, whereas in obese females, positive associations were found in the first and third trimesters.

Gestational weight gain demonstrates significant regional characteristics. Developing region-specific and preBMI-based gestational age-specific GWG guidelines may be crucial for effectively reducing the incidence of both SGA and LGA.

To analyze the trend and influencing factors of stunting among infants and young children (IYC) aged 6-23 months in rural areas of Liuzhou from 2017 to 2023, to provide evidence for early prevention and intervention for stunting.

Children nutrition improvement projects monitoring survey data of 4 175 IYC in Liuzhou between 2017 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Complementary feeding practices were assessed using WHO/UNICEF 2021 IYC feeding indicators. The trend of stunting prevalence was analyzed by χ² trend test, and the risk factors of stunting were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.

The prevalence of stunting in the IYC in rural Liuzhou decreased from 11.52% in 2017 to 3.85% in 2023 (χ²_trend=41.914, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that mothers of Miao ethnicity (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.13-2.37), mothers of Dong ethnicity (OR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.24-2.44), middle school and below education (primary school or below: OR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.22-3.08; middle school: OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.10-2.44), preterm birth (OR=4.27,95% CI: 2.89-6.30), term SGA (OR=3.04, 95% CI: 2.25-4.09), boys (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.51-2.55), aged 12-23 months (OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.45-2.57) , unmet minimum meal frequency (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.08-1.95) were risk factors for stunting.Mother's occupation as agriculture (OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.37-0.87), father's occupation as non-agriculture (OR=0.45, 95% CI:0.30-0.68), feeding and nutrition knowledge scores (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.70-0.86) were protective factors.

The prevalence of stunting among IYC aged 6-23 months in rural areas of Liuzhou showed a decreasing trend from 2017 to 2023,but was higher than the national average level. Attention needs to be paid to preterm births, term SGA, mothers from ethnic minorities or with low educational level, and complementary feeding practices for IYC, in order to reduce the incidence of stunting.

To examine the relationship between postnatal passive smoking and neuropsychological development in rural 2-year-old children.

This study, based on a birth cohort study conducted in rural Yunnan Province in the previous period, followed up with assessments of passive smoking at ages 1 and 2, and a total of 293 mother-child pairs were included in the study. Passive smoking exposure was assessed through self-reports and children's urinary cotinine tests. At age 2, cognitive, language, and motor development were evaluated using the Bayley-III scales. Stata software and multivariate binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between between postnatal passive smoking exposure and neuropsychological development in 2-year-old children.

Passive smoking exposure rates of 293 toddlers were 45.73%at age 1 and 65.19% at age 2. Mean cognitive, language, and motor scores at age 2 were 100.73±18.60, 99.50±16.99, and 101.05±19.86, with developmental delay rates of 7.51%, 15.07%, and 14.43%, respectively. The results of the logistic regression analyses showed that passive smoking at age 1 increased the risk of language development delay (OR=2.036, 95%CI: 1.025-4.046).

Passive smoking in infancy is a risk factor for lagging language development in 2-year-old children. It is recommended to create a smoke-free growing environment for infants and toddlers to protect and promote early neuropsychological development.

To develop a quality assessment scale for children's musculoskeletal disorders health short videos and evaluate its reliability and validity.

The initial scale was developed through literature review, semi-structured interviews, and Delphi expert consultation. A total of 240 health short videos on children's musculoskeletal disorders were selected from Douyin as research subjects and evaluated by two raters. The 480 datasets were randomly divided into two groups for item analysis and reliability/validity testing.

The scale consisted of 22 items across five dimensions (presentation literacy, creator authority, information comprehensibility, video production quality, and audience feedback). The item-level content validity index and scale-level content validity index were both 1.00. The scale demonstrated a Cronbach's α of 0.812,inter-rater reliability of 0.872, and test-retest reliability of 0.914. All items had factor loadings above 0.400, and the cumulative variance explanation rate of the five dimensions was 67.464%. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit.

The quality assessment scale for children's musculoskeletal disorders health short videos exhibits good reliability and validity, effectively evaluating the quality of relevant short videos.

To analyze the relationship between longitudinal changes in blood pressure and new-onset cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in older adults with hypertension in the community of Suzhou, and to provide a reference threshold for blood pressure management in older adults.

The physical examination data from 4 019 older adults with hypertension who participated in health check-ups at a community health service center in Suzhou from 2021 to 2023 were collected.Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and Restricted Cubic Splines(RCS) models were used to analyze the association between blood pressure changes and new-onset CVD in older adults with hypertension.

A total of 365 new cases of new-onset CVD were observed among older adults, with a cumulative incidence rate of 9.1%. GEE analysis showed that after adjusting for the control variables, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was negatively associated with the risk of new-onset CVD (OR=0.97, 95% CI: 0.96-0.98, P<0.001), while pulse pressure (PP) was positively associated with the risk of new-onset CVD (OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01, P<0.05). The RCS model showed that there were significant non-linear dose-response relationships between low DBP and the increased risk of new-onset CVD, and between low PP and the decreased risk of new-onset CVD (non-linear test P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that DBP≤84 mm Hg and ≥95 mm Hg, and PP between 77 to 88 mm Hg in the uncontrolled systolic blood pressure(SBP) group were significantly associated with an increased risk of new-onset CVD,while PP≤51 mm Hg in the controlled SBP group was significantly associated with a decreased risk of new-onset CVD.

Low and/or high DBP may increase the risk of new-onset CVD in older adults with hypertension in the community, while low PP has a protective effect on new-onset CVD. However, when SBP is not controlled, PP will increase the risk of new-onset CVD in a higher threshold range.

To assess the level of residents’ sense of gain in basic public health services, analyze its potential categories and influencing factors, and explore the improvement direction in the supply of basic public health services.

Through multistage sampling, 1 383 adult residents who received public health services in Shanxi Province were surveyed by electronic questionnaire in July 2023, and the residents’ sense of gain and its influencing factors were explored based on latent profile analysis.

The average score of residents’ sense of gain in basic public health services on a percentile scale was (59.03±18.17). The residents’ sense of gain in basic public health services could be classified into four categories based on the scores in six dimensions: high sense of gain (37.88%), relatively high sense of gain (33.55%), relatively low sense of gain(15.83%), and low sense of gain (12.73%), and the sense of gain varied among residents with different educational attainment, monthly income and age.

The overall level of residents’ sense of gain in basic public health services is moderately high, indicating that the supply effect of basic public health services is relatively satisfactory. However, in light of the characteristics presented by different categories of residents, managers need to adopt differentiated strategies such as popularizing service projects and its free nature or intensifying precise publicity and education efforts for special groups.

To examine the utilization and influencing factors of rehabilitation services among certified persons with disabilities in China, providing a basis for meeting the rehabilitation service needs of disabled individuals and enhancing service utilization.

Using data from the 2023 national survey on the subjective perceptions and evaluations of the status of persons with disabilities and the national database on persons with disabilities, a descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to assess factors associated with rehabilitation service use among certified persons with disabilities.

Among 8 667 certified persons with disabilities, 2 244 individuals used rehabilitation services in the past year, with a utilization rate of 25.89%. Among those who used rehabilitation services, 89% used one type of service, while only 11% used two or more types. Multivariate regression analysis showed that middle and higher income levels (OR=1.318,95% CI: 1.158-1.502; OR=1.625, 95% CI: 1.423-1.856), receipt of disability subsidies (OR=1.515, 95% CI: 1.329-1.726),and health insurance (OR=1.395, 95% CI: 0.972-2.003) were significant factors promoting the use of rehabilitation services.Individuals with mental disabilities (OR=3.034, 95% CI: 2.357-3.904) and physical disabilities (OR=1.202, 95% CI: 0.975-1.483) were more likely to use rehabilitation services. Regarding community support, the presence of rehabilitation service stations (OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.026-1.343), day care centers (OR=1.439, 95% CI: 1.242-1.668), suitable cultural and sports facilities for persons with disabilities (OR=1.323, 95% CI: 1.170-1.496), and accessibility features in public service locations (OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.036-1.329) positively influenced rehabilitation service utilization.

The utilization of rehabilitation services among persons with disabilities is closely associated with socioeconomic status, type of disability, and supportive community environments.

To explore the cognition of medical staff within the tightly-knit county-level medical consortium in Xinyi County, Jiangsu Province regarding the reform of medical insurance payment methods and the influencing factors, and to provide references for deepening the reform of medical insurance payment methods within the medical consortium.

By using stratified cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 415 medical staff within the medical consortium of Xinyi City from October 2021 to January 2022. The random forest model was employed to screen variables and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the influencing factors.

Medical staff had a relatively high level of understanding of the medical insurance payment methods of disease-based payment (87.1%) and service-item-based payment (74.3%); they had a relatively high level of recognition of the medical insurance payment methods of disease-based payment (75.1%) and bundled payment based on medical consortium (51.7%). 91.7% of the medical staff were relatively familiar with the reform. The working institutions were township health centers and community health service centers (OR=2.300, 95% CI: 1.205-4.391), and medical staff with senior professional titles or above (OR=4.701, 95% CI: 1.610-13.727) had a relatively high level of understanding of the reform. 81.5% of the medical staff expressed their recognition of the reform. Doctors (OR=2.032, 95% CI: 1.459-2.828), nurses (OR=1.638, 95% CI: 1.073-2.501), medical staff with a master's degree or above (OR=2.399, 95% CI: 1.050-5.480), and medical staff with shorter working years (OR_11-15years=0.546, 95% CI: 0.327-0.911; OR_16-20years=0.516, 95% CI: 0.285-0.932; OR_≥21years=0.443, 95% CI:0.272-0.722) had a relatively high level of recognition of the reform.

The level of awareness and acceptance of new payment methods such as bundled payment for total medical expenses by medical staff within the tightly-knit county-level medical consortium still needs to be improved. It is suggested that measures such as stratified training and the introduction of talent incentive policies for grassroots medical institutions be adopted to enhance the awareness and recognition of medical staff.

To analyze the independent effects and interaction of tobacco dependence level and depression on health related quality of life (HRQoL) among current smokers.

The data was from the 2021 “Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents” (RBICR) and a total of 1 399 cases were included in the analysis. Tobacco dependence level, depression, and HRQoL were assessed using the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence scale, the patient health questionnaire-9 and the European five-dimensional five-level health scale. Mplus 7.0 and R software were used for analyses.

The latent class analysis supported low and high level tobacco dependence level, with mean health utility value of 1.00(0.95, 1.00) and 1.00(0.89, 1.00), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-5.521, P<0.001). The mean health utility values of the depressed and non-depressed groups were 1.00(0.84, 1.00), 1.00(0.95, 1.00), and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-7.580, P<0.001). Tobit regression analysis found that tobacco dependence level (β=-0.030, 95% CI:-0.043~-0.018) and depression(β=-0.068, 95%CI: -0.083~-0.053) were negatively associated with health utility value. Interaction analysis found no multiplicative interactions between tobacco dependence level and depression on HRQoL (OR=1.039, 95% CI: 0.589-1.831). There was a additive interaction between tobacco dependence level and depression on HRQoL, with high levels of tobacco dependence and depression co-existing at a higher risk of unhealthiness than the two factors alone(RERI=1.411, 95% CI: 0.055-2.767), and the synergistic effect was 1.464 times greater than the sum of the effects of the two factors alone(SI=1.464, 95% CI: 0.990-2.163), and the proportion of all unhealthy smokers attributable to high levels of tobacco dependence with a synergistic effect of depression was 25.87%(AP=25.87%, 95% CI: 3.91%-47.82%). Sensitivity analysis found that AP and SI index increased.

Tobacco dependence level and depression were negatively associated with HRQoL, and there was an additive interaction on HRQoL. Reducing tobacco dependence level among current smokers, developing targeted smoking cessation interventions and preventing depressive symptoms are important for improving current smokers’ HRQoL.

This study aims to explore the impact of Fitness Qigong on depression in middle-aged and elderly, as well as the chain mediating role of mindfulness and sense of meaning in life.

The study utilized the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Taking middle-aged and elderly people in Guangxi Autonomous Region as the research subjects. A total of 1 000 questionnaires were distributed, with 956 valid responses returned, resulting in a 95.6%effective response rate. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 27.0. The Bootstrap method in the PROCESS V4.1 plug-in was used to test the mediating effect and verify the chain mediating role of mindfulness and meaning in life.

The depression detection rate among middle-aged and elderly people in Guangxi was 17.3%. Depression scores showed significant differences in terms of age, education level, marital status, and exercise intensity of Qigong. Fitness Qigong exercise has a significant direct negative effect on depression levels among middle-aged and elderly individuals (β=-0.30, P < 0.001). Mindfulness and meaning in life exhibited significant individual mediating effects in the relationship between Fitness Qigong exercise and depression, with effect values of -0.059 (95% CI: -0.087~-0.036) and-0.022(95% CI: -0.041~-0.005), accounting for 15.42% and 5.63% of the total effect，respectively. Additionally, the chain mediating effect was also significant, with an effect value of -0.008(95% CI: -0.017~-0.002), accounting for 2.16% of the total effect.

Fitness Qigong not only directly reduces depression levels in the elderly but also affects depression levels through the chain mediating effects of mindfulness and meaning in life.

To understand parents’ attitudes towards school food education, explore the impact of school food education on parents’ dietary beliefs, and whether it could have a positive effect on dietary behavior.

A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to collect data from parents whose children are from primary school in grades 3-5 in the food education districts and counties (Pingqiao District and Xin County) and the control county (Shangcheng County) in Xinyang City. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on family background, frequency of food intake, and dietary attitudes and dietary beliefs. The differences between the two groups were compared using t test，χ² test and rank sum test, and the influencing factors of parents’ dietary beliefs were analyzed using a multivariable logistic model.

The survey included 2 601 research subjects, including 1 252 in the food education group and 1 349 in the control group. The proportion of students in the food education group who regularly shared health knowledge was 51.3%, which was higher than that of the control group (33.4%) (P<0.05). In the survey of intake frequency of 7 kinds of foods, the intake of 6 kinds of foods per day in the food education group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The proportion of parents in the food education group who were aware of suggesting their children to drink milk every day was 81.1%, which was higher than the control group's proportion of 66.9% (χ²=67.37, P<0.05). The proportion of the food education group which tried to provide a variety of foods for each meal was 59.8%, which was higher than the control group's proportion of 40.1% (χ²=100.40, P<0.05).

School food education can improve parents’ beliefs of healthy dietary, thereby improving household dietary intake.Children's sharing of health knowledge could play an important role as well.

To investigate the effect of proteasome activator PSME1 on proteasome function and antioxidant stress capacity in endothelial cells.

An adenoviral vector (Ad-PSME1) was used to transduce the target gene into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to establish PSME1-overexpressing endothelial cells. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of proteasome-related proteins; dot blot was employed to assess protein carbonylation levels; co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP) was performed to examine the interaction between PSME1 and PSME2; fluorogenic substrate assays were used to determine proteasome activity;cycloheximide(CHX) chase experiments were conducted to evaluate protein degradation rates; pulse-chase assays were applied to measure the degradation rate of GFPu; and DNPH derivatization was used to detect protein carbonylation levels.

Overexpression of PSME1 in HUVECs increased the expression and prolonged the half-life of PSME2, enhanced chymotrypsin-like (β5) proteasome activity and ATP-dependent proteolytic function, and significantly shortened the half-life of misfolded protein GFPu(P<0.05). No significant effects were observed on the stability of endogenous UPS substrates(AKT, GATA4, and PTEN) or on the abundance of the 19S and 20S proteasome complexes (RPN2, RPT6, and PSMB5) (P>0.05). Additionally, PSME1 overexpression significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced protein carbonylation levels and enhanced the antioxidant stress capacity of endothelial cells(P<0.05).

Overexpression of PSME1 stabilizes PSME2, enhances the function of the 11S regulatory particle, and improves the proteasome's ability to degrade misfolded and oxidatively damaged proteins, thereby protecting endothelial cells.

To investigate whether extreme light conditions alter the expression of RNA m6A methylation regulators in brain regions during anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice.

A total of 48 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, constant light, and constant dark groups (n=8 per group) for 2- or 4-week interventions.Behavioral tests assessed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. After completion of these assessments, the medial prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, and ventral hippocampus were collected for qRT-PCR analysis of m6A methyltransferases and reader proteins. Differences between groups were determined using one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons.

Compared with the control group, after 2 weeks, constant dark exposure induced significant anxiety- and depression-like behaviors (P<0.01), while constant light showed no effect. After 4 weeks, both extreme light conditions caused behavioral abnormalities (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, qRT-PCR revealed that 2-week constant dark exposure significantly altered m6A regulators: increased Mettl3 in medial prefrontal cortex (P<0.05); decreased Mettl3 and YthdF1 in hypothalamus (P<0.05); increased FTO and ALKBH5 but decreased YthdC1 in ventral hippocampus (P<0.05); and increased ALKBH5/YthdC2 but decreased YthdC1 in amygdala (P<0.05).

Constant dark exposure more readily induces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors than constant light, and extreme light conditions modify the expression profile of RNA m6A methylation regulators in emotion-related brain regions.

To analyze the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of human-derived Salmonella strains from three cities in Henan during 2023 and 2024, providing a scientific basis for epidemiological surveillance and disease control.

Whole-genome sequencing was performed to analyze multilocus sequence typing (MLST), molecular serotyping, protein function, resistance genes, and virulence genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the broth microdilution method.

A total of 53 human-derived Salmonella strains were collected from sentinel hospitals in Xuchang, Nanyang, and Zhoukou. The analysis revealed 16 ST types and 15 molecular serotypes, with Salmonella Enteritidis ST11 being the most prevalent (33.96%). Thirty-two virulence gene categories were identified, and all strains carried numerous genes associated with Salmonella pathogenicity islands. Fifteen classes of resistance genes were detected, with a multidrug resistance (MDR) rate of 67.92%. Minimum spanning tree clustering identified two clonal groups, and phylogenetic analysis showed a strong correlation between ST types and serotypes.

The 53 human-derived Salmonella strains harbored diverse resistance genes and highly pathogenic virulence genes, with Salmonella Enteritidis ST11 being the dominant strain.The high MDR prevalence warrants attention in disease prevention and control.

To investigate the epidemiology and influencing factors of pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) and acquired drug resistance(ADR) in Hebei Province.

Plasma samples were collected from HIV-1-infected individuals who were ART-naive or experiencing ART failure in Hebei Province from January 2022 to December 2023 to determine drug resistance profiles. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of drug resistance.

The overall prevalence of PDR were 9.19%, showing a moderate prevalence trend. The overall prevalence of ADR was 46.71%,presenting a high level of drug resistance and the phenomenon of cross drug resistance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that start ART more than one year after diagnosis (OR=3.007, 95% CI: 1.185-7.633) and being infected with subtypes other than CRF07_BC, subtype B, and URFs (OR=3.227, 95% CI: 1.043-9.991) were risk factors for PDR. Non-farmer occupation(OR=1.787, 95% CI: 1.129-2.830) and 3-5 years treatment duration(OR=2.440, 95% CI: 1.422-4.185) were risk factors for ADR, while CD4+T-cell counts between 200-500 cells/μl (OR=0.382, 95% CI: 0.236-0.618) and above 500 cells/μl(OR=0.158, 95% CI: 0.083-0.299), second-line regimens containing LPV/r or BIC (OR=0.229, 95% CI: 0.083-0.629; OR=0.064,95% CI: 0.008-0.534), and CRF07_BC(OR=0.398, 95% CI: 0.245-0.647) were protective factors for ADR.

Monitoring of local PDR and ADR should be strengthened to know about the situation of drug resistance as early as possible, and targeted interventions should be taken to reduce the spread of HIV-1 drug-resistant strains.

To investigate the longitudinal association between the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its subtypes (heart disease and stroke) in middle-aged and older adults.

This study used data from 4 567 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) cohort. METS-IR levels measured in 2011 and 2015 were standardized, and K-means cluster analysis was used to classify participants into four categories (Class 1-4). Cumulative METS-IR exposure levels were calculated. Multivariable Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to evaluate the association between METS-IR and incident CVD. Restricted cubic spline analysis assessed the dose-response relationship between cumulative METS-IR exposure and CVD risk. Subgroup analyses explored heterogeneity by gender and age. The predictive performance of METS-IR for CVD was evaluated using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Over a median follow-up of 3 years, 531 CVD events occurred among 4 567 participants. Cox regression analysis showed that compared to Class 1 (lowest persistent METS-IR levels), Class 4(highest persistent METS-IR levels) was associated with a 77% increased risk of incident CVD (HR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.24-2.52), including a 67% increased risk of heart disease (HR=1.67, 95%CI: 1.10-2.54) and a significant 117% increased risk of stroke (HR=2.17,95%CI: 1.31-3.59). A significant linear dose-response relationship was observed between cumulative METS-IR exposure and CVD risk. ROC curve analysis indicated that cumulative METS-IR had the best predictive performance for CVD, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.613.

Persistently elevated longitudinal levels of METS-IR are associated with an increased risk of incident CVD. Dynamic monitoring of METS-IR levels is important for the prevention and treatment of CVD.