To analyze the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its influencing factors, and to explore the role of residual lipoprotein (RC) in risk assessment of NAFLD in the elderly.

The elderly over 60 years old in Xinzheng city, Henan Province in 2021 were selected as the research subjects, and the basic information, physical examination data, and laboratory indexes were collected. The role of RC in risk assessment of NAFLD in the elderly population was investigated by t test, χ² test, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis with the use of SPSS 26.0 software and R4.2.2.

A total of 62 730 elderly people were included in this study, and the prevalence rate of NAFLD was 26.02%. In univariate analysis, with the increase of RC level, the prevalence rate of the elderly population increased steadily, with the lowest in the first quartile and the highest in the second quartile (23.77% and 30.43%, respectively). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that the risk of NAFLD in women was 1.728 times higher than that in men (95%CI: 1.607-1.858), and the increase of age, BMI,waist circumference, fasting blood-glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), and RC increased the risk of NAFLD. For every unit increase in RC, the risk of disease increased by 56.30% (95%CI:1.433-1.704), and after adjusting for confounding factors, RC was still a risk factor for NAFLD.

The prevalence of NAFLD is high in the elderly, and there is an independent correlation between RC and NAFLD.

To investigate the effects of age combinations and fertility assessment results on the clinical pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) / intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

A retrospective cohort was established based on the data of 5 104 cycles of IVF-ET/ICSI transplantation from 11 assisted reproductive institutions in the east, central, and west regions. According to the age registered at the first fertility evaluation, the couples were divided into group A (female < 35, male < 40), group B (female < 35, male ≥ 40), group C (female ≥ 35, male < 40), and group D(female ≥ 35, male ≥ 40). The results of clinical pregnancy rate and first fertility among the four groups were compared by Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA.

The clinical pregnancy rates of the four age groups treated with IVF-ET were 58.23%, 54.12%, 40.57%, and 30.70%, respectively (χ²=167.214, P < 0.001), and those of ICSI were 59.29%, 62.5%, 49.07%,and 34.31%, respectively (χ²=23.834, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the clinical pregnancy rate between the two treatments of IVF-ET/ICSI between group A and group B (χ²=0.574, P_IVF-ET=0.449, χ²=0.099, PICSI=0.754) but the clinical pregnancy rate of group C was significantly higher than that of group D in the two treatments of IVF-ET/ICSI, which was (χ²=11.581, P_IVF-ET=0.001; χ²=4.695, P_ICSI=0.03).

When the woman is less than 35 years old, the age of the man has no significant effect on the clinical pregnancy rate treated with IVF-ET/ICSI. When the woman is ≥ 35 years old, the clinical pregnancy rate of the man < 40 years old receiving IVF-ET/ICSI is significantly higher than that of the man ≥ 40 years old, which suggests that if the couple with fertility intention is in the age range of ≥ 35 years old for woman and < 40 years old for man, they should actively evaluate the fertility and choose the appropriate medical treatment plan in time.

To evaluate the relationship between alcohol consumption and hyperuricemia in natural population in southwest China, and to further explore the mediating effect of blood lipid level on the relationship between alcohol consumption and hyperuricemia.

Based on the baseline data (2018 to 2019) and the first-round follow-up data (2020 to 2021) of the natural population cohort study in southwest China, a multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between alcohol consumption and hyperuricemia. The potential mediating effect of serum lipids was evaluated by causal mediation analysis.

A total of 1 615 people were enrolled in this study, including 162 new cases of hyperuricemia. Each 10g/d increase in pure alcohol intake was positively correlated with the risk of hyperuricemia (OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.08-1.37). High density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) partially mediated the relationship between alcohol consumption and hyperuricemia, with mediating effects of 16.58% (95%CI: 5.64%-54.01%) and 6.98% (95% CI:1.12%-24.84%), respectively.

The increase of alcohol consumption can increase the risk of hyperuricemia. HDL-C and TG are important mediating factors between alcohol consumption and hyperuricemia. Our study shows that the occurrence and development of hyperuricemia can be prevented by reducing alcohol consumption and controlling blood lipids.

To study the causal effects of generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, sleep disorder, and psoriasis by two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with four psychiatric traits and psoriasis were screened from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) data base. The relationships between exposures and outcome were analyzed by inverse variance weighting (IVW) method, weighted median (WM) method, and MR-Egger method. The results were mainly evaluated by P value of IVW, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI). IVW, MR Egger, and MR-PRESSO were used for sensitivity analysis.

The IVW results showed that there was a causal effect between schizophrenia and the risk of psoriasis (OR=1.002,95%CI: 1.000-1.003, P=0.023). In the heterogeneity test, the Cochran’s Q test of the IVW method reported P value of 0.104 and I² of 19.06%, the MR-PRESSO test in the pleiotropy test reported P value of 0.106, and the regression intercept of MR Egger reported P value of 0.272. The sensitivity analysis results were robust, and the results did not show heterogeneity and pleiotropy. No causal relationship was found for generalized anxiety disorder (OR=1.000, 95%CI: 0.999-1.001, P=0.791), major depressive disorder (OR=1.002, 95%CI: 0.998-1.005, P=0.246), sleep disorder (OR=0.999, 95%CI: 0.996-1.001, P=0.614) with psoriasis.

There is a causal relationship between schizophrenia and the risk of psoriasis. Patients with schizophrenia should strengthen the screening and prevention of psoriasis in order to reduce the risk of psoriasis.

To establish a risk assessment model of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and validate the model.

The influencing factors of CMM were determined by meta-analysis, and the population exposure rate was obtained by consulting a large cohort study.The CMM risk assessment model was constructed based on Harvard cancer risk index method. The model was verified by the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The SPSS 25.0 software was used to calculate the area under the receiver operator characteristic ROC curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and Hosmer-Lemshow goodness-of-fit test to verify the effect of the model.

A total of 20 articles were included in the meta- analysis. Age, sex, place of residence, education, economic level, BMI, waistline, night sleep, depression, irregular diet, and insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits were the risk factors of CMM. Concerning the model validation results, the area under the ROC curve was 0.712 (95%CI: 0.696-0.728), the Jordan index was 1.42, the sensitivity was 65%, the specificity was 66.1%, and the result of Hosmer-Lemshow goodness-of-fit test was χ²=10.652 (P=0.222).

The CMM risk assessment model based on meta-analysis has good predictive performance and can be used as a tool for CMM risk assessment to guide clinical identification of CMM high-risk groups and implement intervention measures.

To explore the causal relationship between hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) by two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Based on the association analysis data at the whole genome level, the exposure was hypothyroidism and the outcome was coronary heart disease. Random effect IVW method, MR-Egger method, and weighted median method were used for two sample Mendelian randomized analysis, and heterogeneity test, horizontal multiplicity analysis, and sensitivity analysis were carried out.

The results of random effect IVW method, weighted median method, and MR-Egger regression were 1.137 (95%CI: 1.070-1.209), 1.117 (95%CI: 1.028-1.214), and 1.194 (95%CI: 1.020-1.398), respectively, indicating that hypothyroidism was a risk factor for coronary heart disease with a positive causal correlation between them.

There is a causal relationship between hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease.

To investigate the relationship between the metabolism score for visceral fat (METS-VF) and new stroke cases in the middle-aged and elderly.

Three Logistic regression models were established based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2011 and 2018 to study the association between METS-VF and new stroke cases, and the restricted cubic spline model was used to investigate the possible nonlinear relationship.

In total 7 007 participants were included, of which 407 had new stroke. The results of regression model showed that compared with the group with the lowest METS-VF index (Q1), the group with the highest METS-VF index (Q4) had the highest risk of new stroke, with the increased risk by 153% (OR=2.53, 95%CI: 1.87-3.47). Restricted cubic spline regression analysis found that there was a dose-response relationship between METS-VF index and the prevalence of new stroke (P <0.001), showing a J-shape relationship (P _Nonlinear < 0.001).

METS-VF index is closely related to the prevalence of new stroke, and there is a dose-response relationship between them.

To investigate the epidemic characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region from 2012 to 2022, and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of pulmonary tuberculosis in Guilin.

The relevant information of pulmonary tuberculosis cases reported by China Disease Prevention and Control Information system (Tuberculosis Surveillance and Report Management system) from 2012 to 2022 in Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region was collected. The distribution characteristics and incidence trend of pulmonary tuberculosis in Guilin from 2012 to 2022 were analyzed by chi-square and chi-square trend, and the average annual reported incidence and etiological positive rate of pulmonary tuberculosis were visually analyzed.

From 2012 to 2022, a total of 32 319 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Guilin, with an average annual incidence of 59.40/100 000. The reported incidence of tuberculosis decreased from 68.59/100 000 in 2012 to 45.99/100 000 in 2022, with an annual decline rate of 4.08%. In total 12 132 cases were etiologically positive, accounting for 37.53%. The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis decreased in all age groups in Guilin. The incidence increased with age (Z=21.017, P < 0.001). The reported incidence of males and females was basically stable at 3:1, and the reported incidence of males was higher than that of females (χ²=25.87, P < 0.001). Farmers were the main occupations of patients (23 375 cases), accounting for 72.32%. The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in more than half of the counties (districts) in Guilin was higher than the annual average level of the whole city, with Lipu county (88.96/100 000) being the highest. The etiological positive rate of most counties (districts) was higher than the average annual level of the whole city, with Pingle county (31.65/100 000) being the highest.

The reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Guilin shows an overall downward trend from 2012 to 2022. The high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by age 65 and above, male, occupation as farmer, and the place of residence in the south of Guilin.

To explore the relationship between Mediterranean dietary pattern and bone mineral density (BMD) in the middle-aged and elderly, so as to provide reference for nutritional prevention and control of bone health.

A total of 909 community residents aged 45 and above in Urumqi were enrolled from July 2018 to February 2019. The calcaneal bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by ultrasonic BMD device. The dietary intake information was collected by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and scored by Mediterranean dietary pattern. Univariate and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of Mediterranean dietary score and bone mineral density and the relationship between them.

There were significant differences in the scores of Mediterranean dietary patterns among people of different genders (t=-2.199, P=0.028) and educational levels (F=6.986, P=0.001). There were significant differences in BMD T value among different genders (t=-4.632, P<0.001), age (F=19.753, P<0.001), smoking (t=3.617, P<0.001), physical activity level (F=5.858, P=0.003), and sleep duration (F=6.651, P=0.01). The results of multiple linear regression showed that there was a positive correlation between Mediterranean dietary pattern score and bone mineral density T value in the middle-aged and elderly women (β=0.090, P=0.024),while there was no statistical significance in male population model.

There is a positive correlation between Mediterranean diet and bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly women. It is suggested that middle-aged and elderly residents adjust their diet to protect bone health.

To investigate the relationship between the intake of flavonoids in diet and total bone mineral content in human body.

Adults aged 20 to 59 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2017 to 2018 were selected as research subjects. A multivariate linear regression model was constructed to explore the relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and total bone mineral content adjusting gender, age, race, education level, marital status, economic status, BMI, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

A total of 2 110 participants were included in the study, with the ratio of male to female 1:1. The average total mineral content was 2 341.4 g, and the median intake of total flavonoids in diet was 74.45 mg. After adjusting for sex, age, race, education, marital status, economic status, BMI, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease, the linear regression model showed that the total bone mineral content of the whole body was positively correlated with dietary isoflavone intake (β=0.68, 95%CI:0.26-1.09), and there was a dose-response relationship (P_trend=0.001). In addition, the results of subgroup analysis showed that the positive correlation was stronger in men (β_male=1.39, 95%CI: 0.67-2.11 vs. β_Female=0.18, 95%CI: -0.31 to 0.67, P_inter=0.038).

the intake of isoflavones in diet may increase the content of total bone minerals in human body, but whether there is a gender difference needs to be further explored.

To investigate the level of cadmium in food sold in Nanshan District of Shenzhen, and to evaluate its exposure risk based on the dietary intake of residents in Shenzhen.

Using stratified random sampling method, 810 food samples sold in Nanshan district of Shenzhen city were collected from 2018 to 2022. The content of cadmium in the samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the test results were evaluated according to GB2762-2022 “Food Safety National Standard for Contaminants in Food”. Based on the residents’ dietary intake, point assessment, margin of safety (MOS), and chemical carcinogen risk model were used to evaluate the exposure risk of cadmium to residents’ health.

The average content of cadmium in 810 food samples was 0.325 mg/kg, the detection rate was 44.44% (360/810), and the over-standard rate was 6.17% (50/810). The average monthly dietary exposure of cadmium was 17.731 μg/(kg·BW), MOS > 1, R^c was 4.030 × 10^-5 per year, and the monthly high-end dietary exposure of cadmium was 38.536 μg/(kg·BW), MOS < 1, R^c was 8.740 × 10^-5 per year, suggesting that there was carcinogenesis risk through daily dietary intake.

There is cadmium contamination in food sold in Nanshan district of Shenzhen city. The health risk of residents exposed to cadmium through daily diet is low, but there is a health risk among people exposed to high-end diet. The relevant departments should strengthen the supervision of food sold in the market, especially rice and rice products, aquatic products, and vegetables, so as to control the health risk of dietary exposure to cadmium.

To analyze the correlation between the age at menarche(AAM) and the incidence of hypertension.

Based on the baseline data of 1 499 women from a national key research and development program “Natural population cohort study of heavy air pollution in Sichuan basin” in Rongchang District, 4 townships were randomly selected in 2018. Questionnaire survey, physical examination, and blood biochemical tests were carried out among the people aged 30 to 79 who were registered in the selected townships. The correlation and sensitivity between AAM and hypertension were analyzed by logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline was drawn by software R4.1.1.

The AAM of 1 499 female subjects was 14.31±2.06 years old, and the prevalence rate of hypertension was 36.62%. The prevalence rates of hypertension of ≤ 12 years old, 13 years old, 14 years old, 15 years old, and ≥ 16 years old were 22.88%, 27.02%, 33.33%, 45.61%, and 52.63%, respectively, showing an upward trend (trend χ²=52.198, P<0.001). After adjusting the confounding factors, compared with the 14 years old group in the control group, ≤ 12 years old (OR=0.793, 95%CI: 0.684-0.918), 13 years old (OR=0.865, 95%CI: 0.468-0.935), 15 years old (OR=1.513, 95%CI: 1.117-2.050), and ≥ 16 years old (OR=1.801, 95%CI: 1.483-2.118) were associated with hypertension. The restriction cubic spline showed that there was a non-linear dose-response relationship between AAM and hypertension (P<0.001), and the later AAM was associated with the high risk of hypertension. Sensitivity analysis showed that the correlation between AAM and hypertension still existed in different birth cohorts and BMI groups.

The later AAM may increase the risk of hypertension in adults. Strengthening health education and improving behavior and lifestyle are beneficial to the prevention and treatment of hypertension in women.

To investigate the cardiovascular health status and influencing factors of children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 in five provinces and cities of China.

From April to November 2022, 9 schools (including 4 primary schools and 5 middle schools) were selected from Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangxi, and Hunan provinces. In total 2 166 students from the third grade of primary school to the third grade of senior high school were enrolled in the study. The methods of data collection included questionnaire, physical measurement, and laboratory test. According to the revised American Heart Association standard, cardiovascular health was evaluated by four health behavior indicators (smoking, BMI, physical exercise, and dietary evaluation) and three health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose). The indicators were divided into ideal, moderate, and poor levels. The total average score of 7 indexes was calculated and divided into low, medium, and high-risk grades according to the score. Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of cardiovascular health status of children and adolescents.

Students with 7 ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors accounted for 1.8%, and those with more than 5 ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors accounted for 48.7%. The proportion of girls with 2 or 4 cardiovascular health behaviors was significantly higher than that of boys (P=0.025). The proportion of children and adolescents from township and rural areas with 2 to 4 cardiovascular health behaviors, 2 to 3 cardiovascular health factors, and 4 to 7 cardiovascular health behaviors and factors were significantly higher than those from urban areas (P< 0.05). There were significant differences in the total average scores of cardiovascular health indexes among age, sex, sleep duration, urban and rural areas, regions, and income levels (P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that long sleep time, female, rural area, and family income were positively correlated with the decrease of cardiovascular risk of children and adolescents, while the increase of age and the decrease of cardiovascular risk of children and adolescents in the south were negatively correlated.

The cardiovascular health of children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 in five provinces and cities of China is generally at the middle level, and the proportion of 7 ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors is low. In the future, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of children and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with short sleep time, urban, southern, and low family income, so as to improve cardiovascular health.

To investigate the current situation of behavioral problems of senior primary school students in Guizhou Province, and to explore the influence of family-related factors on primary school students’ behavioral problems.

By using the method of multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling, a total of 2 698 subjects were selected from one primary school in each of three urban areas with different levels of economic development in Guizhou Province. The parents of primary school students were investigated with self-made questionnaire and Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The χ² test was used to compare the differences, and the logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between family-related factors and pupils’ behavior problems.

The detection rate of behavior problems in senior primary school students was 11.60%, which was 11.79% in boys and 11.40% in girls, respectively, with no significant gender difference (P>0.05). The detection rate of behavior problems in students of grades 4 to 6 was 13.36%, 12.49%, and 9.30%, respectively, and the difference between grades was statistically significant (P<0.05). The top behavioral problem was obsessive-compulsive behavior (4.92%) and hyperactive behavior (3.44%) in 6-11-year-old boys and girls, respectively. The top behavioral problem was hyperactive behavior(2.66%) and aggressive behavior (15.30%) in 12-16-year-old boys and girls, respectively. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that parents’ introverted personality, mother’s poor health status, and mother’s neglected rearing style were positively correlated with primary school students’ behavior problems (OR=1.52, 1.54, 1.74, and 2.22), while father’s college education, no bad life habits of parents, and father’s democratic rearing style were inversely correlated with primary school students’ behavior problems (OR=0.43, 0.66, 0.64, and 0.59).

The detection rate of behavioral problems among primary school students in Guizhou Province is still at a high level, which is related to various family factors. Parents should improve their own self-quality and improve the family environment to reduce the occurrence of behavioral problems in primary school students.

To compare the fitting effect of ARIMA model and grey model (GM) (1,1) in the under five mortality rate(U5MR) in Shenzhen, and to predict the U5MR in Shenzhen in the next 3 years, so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of child health care plan.

Taking the U5MR in Shenzhen from 2005 to 2022 as the original data, ARIMA model and GM (1,1) model were constructed to fit the child mortality rate. The mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were used to compare the fitting effect of the two models.

From 2005 to 2022, the U5MR in Shenzhen showed a downward trend, lower than the national average. The MAE of the constructed ARIMA model and GM (1,1) model was 0.30 and 0.24, respectively, and the MAPE was 11.53% and 8.73%, respectively. The fitting effect of the GM (1,1)model was good. The U5MR in Shenzhen from 2023 to 2025 would be 1.27 ‰, 1.18 ‰, and 1.09 ‰, respectively, predicted by GM (1,1) model.

The fitting effect of GM (1, 1) model on U5MR in Shenzhen is better than that of ARIMA model, and it is predicted that the U5MR in Shenzhen will decrease year by year in the next 3 years.

To explore the mediating effect of self-perceived aging on the relationship between digital health literacy and technophobia of the rural elderly.

By using the method of multi-stage sampling, 503 rural elderly in Hebei Province were investigated by general data questionnaire, technophobia scale, simplified self-perceived aging scale, and digital health literacy assessment scale from July to August, 2023. The mediating effect test program was used for mediating analysis and Bootstrap test was used for verification.

The scores of technophobia, self-perceived aging, and technophobia of the elderly in rural areas of Hebei Province were 36.40±10.22, 51.99±8.24, and 39.76±13.82, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that digital health literacy was negatively correlated with technophobia and self-perceived aging (r=0.433, P < 0.001; r=0.454, P < 0.001), while self-perceived aging was positively correlated with technophobia (r=0.401, P < 0.001). The mediating effect test results showed that self-perceived aging had mediating effect between digital health literacy and technophobia of the rural elderly, and the mediating effect accounted for 40.0%.

Digital health literacy and self-perceived aging of the elderly directly affect technophobia. At the same time, digital health literacy can also indirectly affect technophobia through self-perceived aging.

To investigate the changes and influencing factors of health literacy level of rural residents in Chongqing from 2018 to 2021, and to predict the health literacy level of this population from 2022 to 2024, so as to provide a basis for formulating health promotion strategies in rural areas of Chongqing in the future.

Using the national unified health literacy questionnaire, the health literacy monitoring data of rural residents in Chongqing from 2018 to 2021 were analyzed, and the health literacy status of 73 478 residents from 39 districts and counties in the city were investigated. Multi-variable logistic regression method was used to analyze the influencing factors of residents’ health literacy. The grey prediction model GM (1,1) was used to predict the health literacy level of rural residents in Chongqing from 2022 to 2024.

From 2018 to 2021, the health literacy level of rural residents in Chongqing showed a steady upward trend (χ²_trend =280.989, P<0.001). The four-year health literacy levels were 17.14%, 21.68%, 22.50%, and 24.15%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the older age was associated with lower level of health literacy: 45-59 years old: OR=0.761 (95%CI: 0.725-0.800); 60-69 years old: OR=0.455 (95%CI: 0.426-0.485). Higher education level was associated with higher level of health literacy: junior high school: OR=2.551 (95%CI: 2.432-2.675); senior high school/vocational high school/ technical secondary school: OR=4.435(95%CI: 4.145-4.746); college/undergraduate and above: OR=6.890 (95%CI: 6.261-7.582). The forecast result of GM (1,1) showed that the total health literacy of rural residents in Chongqing would rise to 28.54% by 2024. The three aspects of health literacy showed an upward trend. Among the six aspects of health literacy, four aspects of health literacy continued to rise: the literacy of infectious disease prevention and treatment (up to 37.54%), health information literacy (32.39%), chronic disease prevention literacy (29.88%), basic medical literacy (28.59%). Two aspects of health literacy continued to decline with scientific health literacy decreasing to 33.42% and safety and first aid literacy decreasing to 38.57%.

The health literacy of rural residents in Chongqing continued to improve from 2018 to 2021. There is an urgent need to take targeted intervention measures to improve health literacy of the elderly, low-educated, and low-income rural residents. The forecast results show that the literacy level of scientific health concept, safety and first aid literacy will decline in the next three years, so we should pay more attention to it.

To analyze the cost-effectiveness of the expanded HIV testing strategy in Luzhou from 2018 to 2020, and to provide a basis for implementing or adjusting the strategy according to local conditions.

The cost data of HIV testing institutions at all levels were collected by self-made cost collection tools, and the number of tested people and newly reported cases were obtained from China Disease Prevention and Control Information system. The number of potential HIV infections averted by the sexual transmission route was estimated using the Bernoulli-process model, and the cost-effectiveness ratio was analyzed.

From 2018 to 2020, the cumulative investment cost of Luzhou city in the HIV expansion testing was 151.76 million yuan after discounting, and the average cost in the three years was 50.58 million yuan. A total of 5.60 million people received HIV test in the past three years, with 7 318 new cases detected, and the average cost was 27.1 yuan per test. According to the Bernoulli-process model, the number of new infections prevented by sexual transmission in Luzhou city was 545 (67-7 373). Cost effectiveness analysis showed that from 2018 to 2020, the cost for identifying each new HIV-infected person was 21 000 yuan, and 92 000 yuan (7 000- 755 000) for preventing each HIV infection.

The expanded HIV testing strategy implemented in Luzhou from 2018 to 2020 accords with the cost-effectiveness principle and has economic effects. The cost-effectiveness of testing varies greatly in different regions, so the expanded testing strategy should be implemented according to the epidemic situation of different regions.

To explore the causal relationship among depressive symptoms in young men who have sex with men young (YMSM) in central China.

A total of 349 eligible YMSM who were recruited in Wuhan, Changsha, and Nanchang in 2017 and completed three rounds of follow-up in 2018 and 2019 were selected as research subjects. The depressive symptoms of the subjects were measured by the center for epidemiological survey-depression scale (CES-D), and the longitudinal network structure of depression was analyzed by cross-lag network.

During the period from baseline to the first round of follow-up, the statistical value of output centrality of loneliness was 3.541, which had the highest impact on other symptoms, followed by dislike for themselves (1.196). The central statistical value of unhappy input was 2.175, followed by boredom (1.124) and bitterness (1.093), indicating that these symptoms were most easily predicted by other symptoms. During the first round of follow-up to the second round of follow-up, unfriendliness (2.440) was the symptom with the highest impact on output expectations, followed by inability to perform daily work (1.708) and dislike for themselves (1.119). Fear (2.437), arduous work (1.374), and hopelessness (1.278) were the most easily predicted by other symptoms. In the YMSM depressive symptom network, loneliness (3.541), unfriendliness (2.440), and dislike for themselves (1.196) constituted a small symptom group, which occupied the core position of the network.

Interpersonal relationship plays an important role in the network structure of depressive symptoms in YMSM population. Future interventions should fully consider this and reduce YMSM depression by promoting social interaction and social integration of YMSM groups.

To explore the causal relationship of postoperative fall fear, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients with hip fracture, and to provide reference basis for preventing fall fear and formulating individualized and phased intervention measures in elderly patients with hip fracture.

A total of 367 elderly patients with hip fracture hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedics of a tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou from January to July 2023 were selected by cluster sampling. The patients were investigated with the use of Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ- 9) at the first time of getting out of bed after operation (T0), 3 months after operation (T1), and 6 months after operation (T2). Mplus 8.3 was used for cross-lagged analysis to explore the causal relationship and action direction among fall fear, anxiety, and depression.

(1) Postoperative fall fear, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients with hip fracture decreased. Fall fear was positively correlated with anxiety and depression, and anxiety and depression were also positively correlated. (2) T0 fall fear positively predicted T1 anxiety, and T1 fall fear significantly predicted T2 anxiety (β₁=0.113, P<0.01; β₂=0.278, P<0.01). (3) T0 fall fear significantly positively predicted T1 depression, and T1 fall fear significantly predicted T2 depression (β₃=-0.133, P<0.05; β₄=-0.124, P<0.05). (4) T0 anxiety significantly positively predicted T1 depression, and T1 anxiety significantly positively predicted T2 depression (β₅=-0.119, P<0.05; β₆=-0.136, P<0.05).

There is a causal relationship between postoperative fall fear, anxiety, and depression in elderly patients with hip fracture. Prevention of depression can start with their fall fear by actively helping elderly patients with hip fracture reduce fall fear, which is beneficial to their physical and mental health after operation.

To explore the relationship between sleep disorder, depression, and health-related quality of life in the elderly, and the mediating effect of depression on sleep disorder and health-related quality of life.

In total 3 612 elderly people over 60 years old in Hebei Province were selected by stratified random sampling, and the related data were collected with the use of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the simplified geriatric depression scale (GDS-15), and concise health quality of life scale (SF-36).

There was a positive correlation between sleep disorder and depression in the elderly (r = 0.39, P < 0.001), and a negative correlation between sleep disorder, depression, and health-related quality of life (r = -0.43 and -0.40, P < 0.001). Sleep disorders and depression in the elderly had negative predictive effects on health-related quality of life (β =-0.26, -0.194,-0.43, and -0.520), and depression played a mediating role between sleep disorders and physical health-related quality of life in the elderly, accounting for 39.29% of the total effect. Depression played a mediating role between sleep disorders and mental health-related quality of life in the elderly, and the intermediary effect accounted for 51.57% of the total effect.

The health-related quality of life of the elderly with sleep disorder and depression is poor. Sleep disorder of the elderly not only directly affects the health-related quality of life, but also indirectly affects the physical and mental health-related quality of life of the elderly through depression.

To analyze the frequency and influencing factors of blood glucose self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by meta-analysis.

By searching literature in the databases of CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wan Fang Data, PubMed, Embase, Web of science, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library from the establishment of the database to May 26, 2023, cross-sectional studies on the SMBG frequency standard rate and its influencing factors in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes were searched. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted the data, and meta-analysis was carried out by using Stata 17.0 software.

A total of 17 studies were included, including 14 343 patients with type 2 diabetes, of which 3 403 met the SMBG standard. The results of meta-analysis showed that the reaching standard rate of SMBG frequency in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes was 26.4%(95%CI: 21.0%-31.8%). Based on the subgroup analysis of evaluation tools, regions, and sample sources, the results showed that the reaching standard rate of evaluation using the applicable guidelines for type 2 diabetes was 33.4% (95%CI: 24.8%-42%), and that using the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes was 19.1% (95%CI:11.9%-26.3%). The reaching standard rate of the eastern region was 26.9% (95%CI: 17.8%-36%), and that of the central region was 25.6% (95%CI: 17.5%-33.8%). The reaching standard rate was 27.3%(95%CI: 22.6%-32.1%) when the sample source was hospital and 12.1% (95%CI: 2.6%-21.7%) when the sample source was community. The influencing factors of SMBG reaching standard rate were higher education level (OR=1.591, 95%CI: 1.269-1.994), high income family (OR=1.751, 95%CI: 1.048-2.925), self-efficacy score (OR=2.592, 95%CI: 1.148-5.855), insulin (OR=2.193, 95%CI: 1.561-3.080), long course of disease (OR=1.035, 95%CI: 1.035-1.073), and having received SMBG-related health education (OR=2.195, 95%CI: 1.376-3.499).

The evidence results show that the SMBG frequency of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is low. The patients with higher education level, high income family, high self-efficacy, insulin as hypoglycemic regimen, long course of disease, and receiving SMBG-related health education have higher rate of reaching the standard frequency.

To investigate the intervention effect of Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) on atopic dermatitis (AD) induced by 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene (DNCB) in mice and the effect of intestinal flora.

In total 72 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into high and low dose live bacteria group, pasteurization group, model group, and blank group, with 12 mice in each group. The AD mouse model was established by DNCB, and different doses of AKK living bacteria and Pasteurella multicide were intragastrically administered for 4 weeks. The skin lesions, splenomegaly, and skin histopathology of mice in each group were observed, the level of serum IgE was measured, and the expression levels of IL-4 and IFN- γ on mRNA transcription and protein in back skin tissue were detected. The fecal samples of mice were collected and 16SrRNA sequencing was used to understand the changes in the structure and abundance of intestinal microflora.

After AKK intervention, the skin lesions, splenomegaly, and skin pathological damage of AD mice were not significantly improved, the level of serum IgE increased, the level of IL-4 decreased except the mRNA transcription level of low dose live bacteria group, and the expression of IFN- γ increased at mRNA and protein levels in low dose live bacteria group and high dose inactivated group.

Although AKK did not significantly improve the skin lesions of AD mice, it alleviated the inflammatory reaction in mice to some extent and improved the diversity and structure of intestinal flora.

To establish a rapid method for the determination of 33 organophosphorus pesticide residues in four different fruit and vegetable substrates (common type, high pigment type, high fat type, and high sugar type) by QuEChERs pretreatment combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS), so as to provide technical support for simultaneous detection and food safety risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticides in different fruits and vegetables.

The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and sodium citrate-disodium hydrogen citrate buffer at the same time, purified with ethylenediamine-N-propyl silane (PSA), octadecylsilane bonded silica gel (C₁₈), and graphitized carbon black (GCB). After nitrogen blowing concentration, the samples were re-dissolved with acetone and detected by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry under multi-reaction ion monitoring (MRM) mode. Quantifications were based on internal standard curves.

The method had good linear relationship in the range of 50 μg/L to 500 μg/L, with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.9950. The detection limits were within 1.50 to 5.04 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification were within 5.01 to 16.78 μg/kg. In the range of 0.040 to 0.200 mg/kg, the average recoveries ranged from 71.4% to 119.1%, with the relative standard deviations less than 12%.

The method is simple and rapid, with high accuracy and precision, which is suitable for the rapid detection and quantitative analysis of 33 organophosphorus pesticide residues in different fruit and vegetable substrates.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022, so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in Henan Province.

The annual morbidity and mortality data of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022 were collated, and the average annual change percentage(AAPC) and annual change percentage (APC) of reported incidence and mortality of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province from 2004 to 2022 were calculated. The time change trend of notifiable infectious diseases was analyzed.

The total incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province showed an upward trend from 2004 to 2022 (AAPC=1.76%, P<0.05). After the increase, the total mortality decreased from 2007, and the APC was 64.90% and -4.50%, respectively (P<0.05). The incidence of hepatitis B increased first and then showed a downward trend since 2007, with APC of 23.15% and -8.28%, respectively (P<0.05). The AIDS mortality rate showed a slow downward trend from 2007 to 2020 (APC=-3.33%, P<0.05). The average annual morbidity and mortality of blood-borne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases were higher than those of other routes of transmission, with an upward trend from 2004 to 2006 and a downward trend from 2007 to 2022. The APC was 33.12% and -3.36%, respectively (P<0.05).

Blood and sexual transmission are the main transmission routes of notifiable infectious diseases in Henan Province, and their morbidity and mortality have begun to decrease and remain at a relatively stable level in recent years. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken for key diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, hand-foot-mouth disease, other infectious diarrheal diseases, and AIDS.

To analyze the changes of schistosomiasis epidemic trend before and after the implementation of schistosomiasis integrated control strategy in China from 1999 to 2015, and to evaluate its effects in the process of schistosomiasis transmission control.

The epidemic data of schistosomiasis in China from 1999 to 2015 were collected, and the interrupted time series (ITS) method was used to analyze the changes of positive rate of blood test, positive rate of fecal test, number of acute schistosomiasis cases, number of cattle, and infection rate of cattle before and after the implementation of the comprehensive control strategy of schistosomiasis.

After the implementation of the integrated schistosomiasis control strategy, the number of acute cases (β₂=-937.433, P < 0.001) and the infection rate of cattle (β₂=-1.606, P=0.012) decreased immediately in 2005. After the implementation of the strategy, the positive rate of blood test (β₃=-1.164, P < 0.001), the positive rate of stool test (β₃=-1.157, P < 0.001), the number of acute cases (β₃=-143.939, P < 0.001), and the infection rate of cattle (β₃=-0.513,P < 0.001) showed a downward trend year by year, which had a long-term effect on the prevention and control of schistosomiasis.

From 2006 to 2015, the positive rate of blood test, the positive rate of stool test, the number of acute cases, and the infection rate of cattle in China showed a decreasing trend, indicating that in the advancing stage of schistosomiasis transmission control in China, the integrated schistosomiasis control strategy based on source of infection control has a significant effect on schistosomiasis control.

To analyze the epidemic characteristics of pertussis in Yangzhou City in 2022 and the vaccine effectiveness(VE) of acellular pertussis vaccine (aPV) against pertussis, and to explore the influencing factors of the case surge under the high vaccine coverage, as well as the responding strategies.

The clinical data of pertussis patients were analyzed using a matched case-control study with the ratio of 1:2 to investigate the vaccine effectiveness of aPV in preventing pertussis.

The incidence-age curve showed the “U-shape”. The incidence of infants at the age of 3 months was higher, which was 127.8/100 000. The second peak occurred in children aged 5 to 7 years, with the incidence exceeding 60/100 000. Among the cases, the breakthrough cases accounted for 86.0%, and the clinical symptoms such as complications of the breakthrough cases were better than those of the unimmunized cases. The total VE of aPV in preventing pertussis was 86.10% (95%CI: 34.70%-97.04%), the VE of 1 dose of aPV in preventing pertussis was 85.35% (95%CI: 31.10%-96.89%), the VE of 4 doses of aPV was 98.20% (95%CI: 74.28%-99.88%), and the VE of onset-vaccination interval less than 1 year was 85.72% (95%CI: 32.8%-99.00%), indicating that the increased duration of time after vaccination was a risk factor for pertussis.

Currently, the immunization strategy of pertussis does not match the epidemic characteristics, and the risk of pertussis is high in infants at the age of 3 months and school-age children. The protective effect of aPV is not timely, so it is necessary to further modify and improve the pertussis immunization strategy, especially to consider the application of pertussis immunization in school-age children.

To understand the external environmental dynamic distribution and human infection characteristics of H7 subtype avian influenza virus in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide basis for scientific prevention and control of avian influenza.

The surveillance information of avian influenza in the external environment of Jiangxi Province from 2013 to 2022 and the data of human infection with H7 subtype avian influenza were systematically collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.

A total of 15 535 external environment samples were collected from 2013 to 2022, and the positive rate of H7 subtype was 1.85% (287/15 535). Positive samples were detected for 9 consecutive years since 2014, and the annual positive rate showed a downward trend as a whole (χ²_trend=2.168, P=0.231). The positive rate of H7 subtype in the external environment of Ganzhou city (2.96%), Nanchang city (2.77%) and Jiujiang city (2.66%) was higher, and there was significant difference in the positive rate among different regions (χ²=70.145 P < 0.001). The peak of positive rate was mainly in winter and spring (64.11%), and there was significant difference in different seasons (χ²=69.280, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in the positive rate among different types of samples (χ²=16.948, P=0.005). A total of 52 cases of H7 subtype avian influenza were reported in Jiangxi Province from 2013 to 2022, mainly farmers, retirees, and migrant workers, accounting for 76.92%of cases over 45 years old. The time of onset was mainly in winter and spring, and 76.92% of the cases had history of poultry exposure. There was no significant correlation between the number of H7N9 avian influenza cases and the positive rate of H7 subtype in different months (Spearman coefficient = 0.515, P=0.087).

Although the positive rate of H7 subtype in the external environment of Jiangxi Province is low, the risk of human infection still exists. Etiological surveillance and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be carried out continuously to reduce the potential risk of human infection.

To investigate the evaluation of integrated care management in patients with pulmonary nodule lung cancer and to provide basis for improving the service quality of integrated care management of chronic disease.

From January 2021 to December 2022, electronic questionnaires were distributed to patients with lung nodule lung cancer who met the inclusion criteria, and an anonymous survey was conducted. The chi-square test was used to compare the evaluation differences among different groups.

A total of 130 valid questionnaires were collected. The overall satisfaction evaluation, recommendation intention, and improvement evaluation of the integrated care management were 95.72, 94.66, and 79.89, respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in satisfaction evaluation among different ethnic groups (χ²=16.788, P=0.010), education level (χ²=24.339, P=0.042), and management time (χ²=19.277, P=0.013). There were significant differences (P<0.05) in recommendation intention among patients of different ethnic groups (χ²=15.943, P=0.0144), occupation (χ²=37.265, P=0.011), and management time (χ²=9.536, P=0.049). There was a significant positive correlation among patient satisfaction evaluation, recommendation intention, and improvement evaluation, and the correlation coefficients were 0.581, 0.723, and 0.538,respectively.

The integrated care management model of pulmonary nodule lung cancer is widely recognized by patients, with high level of satisfactory evaluation, and patients have strong willingness to recommend. This model can significantly improve the medical service experience and treatment effect.

To explore the key influencing factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR), analyze the current situation of DR, and construct a risk prediction model.

Based on the diabetic complication early warning data set published by the national population and health science data sharing platform, the key influencing factors of DR were obtained by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. The entropy weighting method, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and the rank-sum ratio (RSR) were used to quantify the risk of DR development in patients and stratified into three levels: high, medium, and low. Logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machine models were constructed, respectively, and model fusion was performed using voting, averaging, and weighted averaging to evaluate the model predictive effect and obtain the best predictive model.

Finally, 14 indexes including age and hyperlipidemia were extracted as key influencing factors. The stratification results showed that there were 50 diabetic patients without DR in this data set with a risk of about 82.99%, which was a high-risk group for DR and needed more attention. The best prediction effect was obtained from the voting machine fusion model (Acc: 80.18%, F1: 0.7868).

The key influencing factors of DR are analyzed, providing the direction of treatment and prevention. The low, medium, and high-risk groups of DR are classified for risk early warning. By comparing the effect between the models, the prediction model of morbidity risk of DR is constructed, providing insights for clinical early warning and data analysis.

To explore the effect of a new type of low-protein enteral nutrition on the nutritional status of patients with chronic kidney disease in stage 3-4 under the guidance of individualized diet.

Sixty follow-up outpatients in West China Hospital of Sichuan University were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The two groups were followed up on intervention day 0, day 45, and day 90. According to the principle of intentional analysis, the generalized estimation equation was used to analyze the between-group differences, time change trend, and interaction effect, and the principle of data analysis in accordance with the scheme was used to further verify the stability of results.

There was no significant difference in nutritional adequacy, clinical effectiveness, and anthropometric indexes between the test group and the control group (P > 0.05). During the intervention period, when the energy intake was stable, the intake of protein (χ²=17.680, P<0.001) and sodium salt (χ²=21.427, P<0.001) decreased significantly, while the total protein (χ²=18.075, P<0.001), calcium (χ²=9.438, P=0.009), phosphorus (χ²=13.866, P=0.001), and uric acid (χ²=9.005, P=0.011) fluctuated within the normal range. The results of data analysis in accordance with the scheme were basically consistent with those of intentionality analysis. Only the time change trend of upper arm muscle circumference (χ²=6.435, P=0.040) and the comparison of energy ratio between groups(χ²=4.478, P=0.034) were significantly different.

The new low-protein enteral nutrition preparation is not inferior to the total nutritional formula food for special medical use in improving the nutritional status of patients and delaying the progression of the disease. The use of enteral nutrition under dietary guidance is beneficial to the clinical nutrition management of

To explore the training mode and mechanism of compound talents of preventive medicine and software engineering.

In order to adapt to the development trend of multidisciplinary and new technology integration under the background of new medical science construction and the strategic needs of building a healthy China, the West China School of Public Health and the School of Computer Science (School of Software) of Sichuan University have established a dual bachelor’s degree talent training program in Preventive Medicine and Software Engineering, a teaching professor expert team with cross disciplinary integration, integrated courses and internship bases, through extensive research and expert verification, in accordance with the requirements of the National Standards for Undergraduate Professional Teaching Quality and the Management Measures for Bachelor’s Degree Authorization and Granting. The program aims to recruit dual bachelor’s degree students, strengthen student guidance and teaching feedback, and continuously summarize and improve the talent training mode.

Three sessions of dual bachelor’s degree students in Preventive Medicine + Software Engineering have been recruited, a teaching team integrating medical and engineering has been established, seven integrated courses have been formed, professional training objectives and curriculum systems have been established and continuously improved, and two medical research and practical teaching innovation bases suitable for dual bachelor’s degree students have been established. The adaptability and satisfaction of students have been continuously improved.

The double bachelor degree training model of preventive medicine + software engineering with the characteristics of public health and software has been initially established, which provides an important theoretical and practical reference for the reform of the training mode of medical-industrial integration.