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To investigate the changes and influencing factors of health literacy level of rural residents in Chongqing from 2018 to 2021, and to predict the health literacy level of this population from 2022 to 2024, so as to provide a basis for formulating health promotion strategies in rural areas of Chongqing in the future.
Using the national unified health literacy questionnaire, the health literacy monitoring data of rural residents in Chongqing from 2018 to 2021 were analyzed, and the health literacy status of 73 478 residents from 39 districts and counties in the city were investigated. Multi-variable logistic regression method was used to analyze the influencing factors of residents’ health literacy. The grey prediction model GM (1,1) was used to predict the health literacy level of rural residents in Chongqing from 2022 to 2024.
From 2018 to 2021, the health literacy level of rural residents in Chongqing showed a steady upward trend (χ2trend =280.989, P<0.001). The four-year health literacy levels were 17.14%, 21.68%, 22.50%, and 24.15%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the older age was associated with lower level of health literacy: 45-59 years old: OR=0.761 (95%CI: 0.725-0.800); 60-69 years old: OR=0.455 (95%CI: 0.426-0.485). Higher education level was associated with higher level of health literacy: junior high school: OR=2.551 (95%CI: 2.432-2.675); senior high school/vocational high school/ technical secondary school: OR=4.435(95%CI: 4.145-4.746); college/undergraduate and above: OR=6.890 (95%CI: 6.261-7.582). The forecast result of GM (1,1) showed that the total health literacy of rural residents in Chongqing would rise to 28.54% by 2024. The three aspects of health literacy showed an upward trend. Among the six aspects of health literacy, four aspects of health literacy continued to rise: the literacy of infectious disease prevention and treatment (up to 37.54%), health information literacy (32.39%), chronic disease prevention literacy (29.88%), basic medical literacy (28.59%). Two aspects of health literacy continued to decline with scientific health literacy decreasing to 33.42% and safety and first aid literacy decreasing to 38.57%.
The health literacy of rural residents in Chongqing continued to improve from 2018 to 2021. There is an urgent need to take targeted intervention measures to improve health literacy of the elderly, low-educated, and low-income rural residents. The forecast results show that the literacy level of scientific health concept, safety and first aid literacy will decline in the next three years, so we should pay more attention to it.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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