Objective:To explore the traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）syndromes and the distribution patterns of syndrome elements in elderly sarcopenia through literature analysis，providing a theoretical basis for clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment.Methods:Clinical research literature on TCMsyndromes of sarcopenia was retrieved from CNKI，PubMed，and Wanfang databases.Syndrome elements，basic syndromes and symptom information were screened and extracted from the literature.An Excel database was established and frequency analysis was performed，while factor analysis，cluster analysis，and complex network analysis were conducted using SPSS，Origin，and Gephi software.Results:A total of 71 studies were ultimately included.After standardization，51 types of TCM syndromes were identified，involving 14 pathogenic factors and 9 lesion locations.The distribution of syndromes was mainly characterized by Spleen-Stomach deficiency and Spleen-Kidney deficiency syndromes；deficiency-related pathogenic factors were primarily Qi deficiency，Yin deficiency，Yang deficiency，Essence deficiency，and blood deficiency，while excess-related syndrome elements were mainly Dampness，blood stasis，Heat，and Phlegm；lesion locations were mainly the Spleen，Kidney，Stomach，Liver，and meridians. Core symptoms and signs included fatigue，weakness of limbs，lassitude，poor appetite，muscle atrophy，loose stools，soreness of the waist and knees，shortness of breath，pale tongue，and thin pulse.Pathogenic factor clustering resulted in five categories:Spleen-Stomach Qi deficiency syndrome，Liver-Kidney deficiency syndrome，Yin-Yang deficiency syndrome，Damp-Heat infiltration syndrome，and Phlegm-stasis interlocking syndrome. Conclusion:The fundamental pathogenesis of sarcopenia in the elderly is Spleen-Stomach deficiency.The syndromes show a mixture of deficiency and excess in characteristics，mainly deficiency syndromes，while Damp-Heat and Phlegm-stasis are important pathological products.

Atherosclerosis（AS）is fundamentally rooted in Qi deficiency，with phlegm and blood stasis as its key pathological products. The mutual entanglement of phlegm and blood stasis leading to vascular obstruction is its main pathological manifestation.Effective monomers，herbal pairs，and compound prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine that tonify Qi，resolve phlegm，activate blood，and unblock collaterals can intervene in the progression of AS through mechanisms such as anti-inflammation，antioxidation，regulation of lipid metabolism，inhibition of cell apoptosis，and improvement of vascular endothelial function，demonstrating the significant advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of AS.The method of benefiting Qi，resolving phlegm，and removing stasis serves as a potential strategy for early intervention in AS and plays an important role in preventing complications such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.In the future，the methodology and evaluation system for integrating traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）syndromes with animal models should be further improved. By incorporating findings from modern medical research，the mechanisms of″Qi deficiency，Phlegm and blood stasis″should be explored in depth.At the same time，multicenter，large -sample clinical trials should be conducted to uncover the correlation rules between TCMsyndromes and modern medicine，aiming to provide objective evidence and new insights for the early prevention of atherosclerosis，drug development，optimization of TCM diagnostic and treatment standards，and individualized therapy.

Oxidative stress is a key factor in the occurrence and development of acute liver failure（ALF），while nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2（Nrf2）has antioxidant，anti-inflammatory，and cytoprotective effects，making it a potential target for the prevention and treatment of ALF.Active components of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）show significant potential in preventing and treating oxidative stress in ALF by regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Studies have shown that various TCMs and their active components，including those that can clear Heat and detoxify（e.g.，Huangqin（Scutellaria baicalensis），Huangbai（Phellodendron）），can tonify，can promote blood circulation，can strengthen the Spleen，promote diuresis，and dispel Wind-Dampness，can activate the Nrf2 pathway，upregulate antioxidant enzyme activities，inhibit the production of oxidative stress products such as ROS，MDA，and MPO，and significantly improve liver oxidative damage.In addition，the Nrf2 pathway may alleviate inflammatory responses by inhibiting inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB and play a role in inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis and improving mitochondrial function.However，current research still has some limitations，such as relatively singular Nrf2-related targets and downstream oxidative indicators，unclear interaction mechanisms and cross-targets between Nrf2 and other pathways，and the unclear mechanisms of synergistic antioxidant effects of multiple active components.In the future，it is necessary to use multi-omics and network pharmacology approaches to systematically elucidate the mechanisms by which multiple TCMcomponents regulate Nrf2，and to strengthen high-quality randomized controlled trials to assess the precise efficacy of TCMactive components in regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway for the treatment of ALF，providing stronger evidence for the development and clinical application of new TCMdrugs.

In clinical practice，application of medicine pares with character of being opposing and complementary in treatment of constipation Theory are as follows:（1）Ascending and descending:The intestines function properly with smooth downward Qi movement.The Middle Jiao（Spleen and Stomach）serves as the pivot for the ascending and descending transport of waste.Spleen Qi governs ascent while Stomach Qi governs descent.The Liver governs ascent and the Lung govern descent.The ascent and descent must coordinate with each other，regulating the flow of Qi.In pathological conditions，when Qi movement is abnormal-either due to weakened Spleen and Stomach transportation and absorption functions or stagnant Qi-the large intestine cannot function properly，leading to retained waste and constipation.（2）Zang and Fu Organ:The large intestine is a hollow organ，responsible for transporting waste but not storing it；it can be full but not solid.Its main function is to move waste.The Lung is solid organ that store vital essence without excreting it；they can be full but not solid.The Lung prefer moisture and dislike Dryness，governing the downward movement and regulating water passages，providing the motive force for the large intestine to expel waste.Pathologically，if Lung Dryness-Heat descends to the large intestine，or its descending function fails，the large intestine cannot transport properly，which causes constipation.（3）Exterior and interior:The large intestine is hollows and belong to the exterior，while the Lung is solid and belong to the interior.The Lung and large intestine interconnect via meridians，establishing exterior-interior relationship between organs，coordinating physiologically and affecting each other pathologically.（4）Deficiency and excess:Constipation involves both deficiency and excess patterns.Heat，Qi and cold-related constipation are excess patterns，while constipation caused by deficiency of Qi，blood and Yin or Yang belongs to deficiency.Different types of constipation often overlap or transform from one type to another，with excess leading to deficiency or deficiency leading to excess.（5）Dryness and Dampness:The large intestine governs Fluid，absorbing water during waste transport to regulate bodily Fluid metabolism.If there is excess Heat in the intestines，it excessively consumes water，leading to Dryness and hard stools；if cold deficiency affects the large intestine，it fails to absorb water，leading to loose stools and other illnesses.（6）Yin and Yang:The large intestine is active and belongs to Yang；when Yang is diseased，Yin accumulates，leading to stagnation and constipation.Professor Mao Dexi proposed that in treating constipation，one should closely follow the disease mechanism，using opposing and complementary medicine pairs，emphasizing medication balance in ascent and descent；combining Cold and Heat to promoting Yang with warming medicine to relieve constipation；using attack and tonification method at the same time to strengthen Spleen and relieve constipation；combining firmness and gentleness in medicine applying to moisten the intestines and relieve constipation；harmonizing Zang and Fu to treat at top aiming at curing disease of lower part of body，i.e.regulating the bowels.All of the above show significant clinical efficacy.

Objective:To screen differentially expressed genes associated with cuproptosis in alcoholic liver cirrhosis using bioinformatics methods，explore their mechanisms of action，and identify traditional Chinese medicines with potential therapeutic effects.Methods:Datasets of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis meeting the criteria were selected from the GEO database.Differentially expressed genes（DEGs）were identified using software analysis，followed by KEGG pathway analysis and protein-protein interaction（PPI）network analysis to screen key genes.Random forest and SVMmodels，commonly used in machine learning，were applied to study the key genes. In addition，literature was reviewed to obtain cuproptosis-related genes（CRGs）.The DEGs and CRGs were intersected to identify core genes associated with cuproptosis，followed by GSEA enrichment analysis. Core genes retrieved from the Coremine database were used to predict therapeutic Chinese herbs.Results:By screening gene chips GSE167308 and GSE142530，278 DEGs were obtained.Through further selection via PPI and validation with GSE143318，10 key genes were identified.Literature review collected 38 CRGs，and the intersection yielded 2 cuproptosis core genes-CDKN2A（Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2）and PLAT（Plasminogen Activator）.GSEA analysis indicated that the core genes are closely associated with linoleic acid metabolism，amino acid biosynthesis，arginine biosynthesis，HIF-1 signaling pathway，phenylalanine metabolism，and others. Chinese herbs such as Huci（Indian damnacanthus herb），Fengfang（Honeycomb），Diren（Melastoma dode candrum lour），Xiazhicao（Lagopsis supina），Hudilong（Lumbricus）and Qishe（Agkistrodon acutus）were identified through database search，and the attributes of the herbs including their four Qi，five Flavor，and meridian tropism were summarized. Conclusion:CDKN2A and PLAT are core genes related to cuproptosis in alcoholic cirrhosis.Prediction identified 35 Chinese herbs，which may serve as potential treatments for alcoholic cirrhosis.

″San Yin Jie Wei Zhi Shui″is a highly summarized explanation of the pathogenesis of edema in Su Wen·Ying Yang Bie Lun，which has influenced the treatment theories of Dampness-related diseases in later generations.This theory means that edema results from the dysfunction of the Lung，Spleen，and Kidney Qi mechanisms，leading to abnormal Water metabolism.Similarly，diabetic nephropathy edema is characterized by ″deficiency of Zheng Qi and excess of the Evil Factors″inducing the dysfunction of the Lung，Spleen，and Kidney Qi mechanisms and then the accumulation of Water.The specific pathophysiological changes of the ″San Yin Jie″are as follows:Heat injures Qi and Yin，external pathogens invade the Lung，the Lung loses its Qi dispersing and descending function，and dredging and regulating dysfunctions of the Lung are brought about，leading to Water accumulation；When there is Spleen deficiency with Damp-Heat syndrome，mutual accumulation of Dampness and stasis is caused，which damages Qi and Yin，causing abnormal transportation and accumulation of Water；Kidney deficiency with blood stasis，internal accumulation of masses and Wind concealing in the collaterals induce impaired Qi Hua and Water accumulation.The three Zang often suffer simultaneously，so treatment should be carried out to clarify the pathogenesis，address the multiple Zang，with therapies such as strengthening the Spleen and tonifying the Kidney as well as relieving Dampness and activating blood circulation to achieve ideal therapeutic effects.

Alzheimer's disease（AD）and osteoporosis（OP）are both related to the brain and correspond to the traditional Chinese medicine categories of″dementia″and″bone atrophy″，respectively.In traditional Chinese medicine，the brain is considered the sea of marrow，governing all the body's marrow.The brain marrow and bone marrow are interconnected；when the sea of marrow is abundant，the mind is vigorous，and the tendons and bones are strong and healthy.Insufficient marrow sea can lead to an inadequacy of brain marrow and bone marrow，potentially causing ″dementia″and ″osteoporosis″.Therefore，possible common pathogenic factors for AD and OP include β-amyloid deposition，estrogen deficiency，oxidative stress，vitamin deficiency，and APOE-ε4 gene expression.Exploring the correlation between AD and OP may broaden strategies for the prevention and treatment of both conditions.

Objective:The purpose of this study is to analyze the medication patterns of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）in the treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly using data mining，and to explore the mechanism of action of the core drug combination for sarcopenia through network pharmacology.Methods:A database was established using relevant literature sourced from Chinese and English databases such as CNKI，WanFang Data，VIP Journal Full-text Database and PubMed.The drug frequency and flavor meridian analysis were orgenized.Medication patterns were investigated based on frequency analysis，association rule analysis，cluster analysis，and complex network analysis.Network pharmacology was applied to elucidate the mechanism of action of the core drug combination in treating sarcopenia.Results:A total of 40 prescriptions involving 117 Chinese medicinal herbs with a cumulative frequency of 450 were included.The high-frequency drugs were respectively Baizhu（Atractylodes macrocephala），Gancao（Glycyrrhizae Radix），Fuling（Poria），Huangqi（Astragali Radix），Dangshen（Codonopsis Radix）.The majority of herbs were sweet and pungent in taste，warm and neutral in nature，and primarily associated with the Liver，Spleen，and Kidney meridians.Ten categories of herbs were involved.Association rule analysis revealed a high lift value between Baizhu（Atractylodes macrocephala）and Gancao（Glycyrrhizae Radix）. Cluster analysis categorized high-frequency herbs into three groups，and complex network analysis identified a core drug combination comprising Baizhu（Atractylodes macrocephala），Gancao（Glycyrrhizae Radix），Fuling（Poria），Dangshen（Codonopsis Radix），Chenpi（Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae）and Huangqi（Astragali Radix）.The core drug combination was found to involve 296 compounds and 118 potential targets in the treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly，with pathways such as adipocytokine signaling pathway，longevity regulating pathway，and insulin resistance being closely related.Molecular docking results showed that key active compounds like Vitamin D3，Emodin，and Calycosin had high binding activity with critical target proteins. Conclusion:The clinical use of TCMfor sarcopenia in the elderly focuses on the Spleen as the core，emphasizing the simultaneous replenishment of qi and blood，as well as the harmonization of liver and kidney functions，while also attending to blood circulation and removing blood stasis.The core drug combination may ameliorate sarcopenia through regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation-related pathways via multiple pathways and targets.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Xijiao Dihuang Decoction combined with Tripterygium Glycosides Tablet（GTW）in treating patients with allergic purpura（Henoch-Schonlein purpura，HSP）of the blood-heat-wandering syndrome type. Methods:Eighty-two patients with simple skin-type allergic purpura diagnosed with blood-heat-wandering syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine were randomly divided into the Xijiao Dihuang Decoction group（TCMgroup，40 cases）and the GTW group（42 ca ses）.The TCMgroup received Xijiao Dihuang Decoction in addition to conventional Western medical treatment，while the GTW group received GTW along with conventional Western treatment；both groups were treated continuously for 8 weeks.The clinical cure rate，rash remission time，recurrence frequency of skin purpura，and changes in TCMsyndrome scores，urinary microalbumin（M-Alb），β2-microglobulin（β2-Mb），N -acetyl -β-D -glucosaminidase（NAG）enzyme，blood routine，liver and kidney function，and serum Gd-IgA1 levels before and after treatment were compared.Follow-up was conducted up to 26 weeks to evaluate the clinical efficacy，renal protection，and medication safety of the GTW group，and the correlation between serum Gd-IgA1 expression levels and clinical symptoms was analyzed.Results:After 8 weeks of treatment，compared with the Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）group，the GTW group showed significantly better outcomes in effective rate，rash resolution time，frequency of HSP recurrence，TCMsyndrome scores，urine M-Alb，β2-MG，NAG enzyme，and serum Gd-IgA1 levels（P＜0.05）. Compared with pretreatment levels in the same group，the GTWgroup showed significant reductions in the aforementioned blood and urine indicators（P＜0.05），whereas in the TCMgroup，post-treatment urine M-Alb and NAG enzyme levels were significantly higher than before treatment（P＜0.05）. Comparisons of red blood cells，ALT，AST，and creatinine levels between the two groups showed no statistically significant differences（P＞0.05）.White blood cell and platelet levels in the GTWgroup were significantly decreased（P＜0.05），but remained within the normal range. Before treatment，serum Gd-IgA1 levels in 82 patients were positively correlated with TCM syndrome scores（r =0.748）.At 26 -week follow-up，the incidence of nephritis in the GTWgroup was significantly lower than in the TCMgroup（P＜0.05），and the onset was significantly delayed（P＜0.05）. Conclusion:GTW can significantly improve clinical symptoms in HSP patients，reduce the recurrence of purpura and the incidence of purpura nephritis，and effectively prevent kidney damage.Its mechanism may be related to the reduction of serum Gd-IgA1 levels in patients with allergic purpura，thereby exerting a renal protective effect.

Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive decline of muscle mass，strength，and physical function，and its pathological changes are closely related to tissues such as muscles，bones，and tendons.The five organs dominate the five bodily tissues. Bones，tendons，and muscles，as the core of the musculoskeletal system，are closely related to the liver，spleen，and kidneys.The coordination of these three organs maintains normal physical function.Deficiency or damage in the Liver，Spleen，and Kidney can lead to malnutrition of bones，tendons，and muscles，thereby inducing degenerative diseases such as sarcopenia.The Spleen governs the transformation and transportation of flesh，the Kidney stores Essence and governs bones，and the Liver stores blood and governs tendons.The three organs coordinate to maintain the physiological balance of the musculoskeletal system.Age-related deficiency of the Liver，Spleen，and Kidney is the core pathogenesis of sarcopenia，described as ″weak bones-withered tendons-atrophied muscles″. Clinically，based on the ho listic view of bones，tendons，and muscles in traditional Chinese medicine，an intervention strategy for sarcopenia is proposed:″harmonize the Liver，Spleen and Kidney，and treat bones，tendons，and muscles simultaneously″.This approach uses internal administration of Chinese herbal formulas combined with external treatments such as acupuncture，moxibustion and traditional Gongfu exercises，aimed at improving muscle atrophy and functional decline.It works by coordinating the Liver，Spleen and Kidney to regulate the production and distribution of Essence，blood and body Fluid，thereby ameliorating malnutrition in bones，tendons and muscles.