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Objective:To explore the traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）syndromes and the distribution patterns of syndrome elements in elderly sarcopenia through literature analysis，providing a theoretical basis for clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment.Methods:Clinical research literature on TCMsyndromes of sarcopenia was retrieved from CNKI，PubMed，and Wanfang databases.Syndrome elements，basic syndromes and symptom information were screened and extracted from the literature.An Excel database was established and frequency analysis was performed，while factor analysis，cluster analysis，and complex network analysis were conducted using SPSS，Origin，and Gephi software.Results:A total of 71 studies were ultimately included.After standardization，51 types of TCM syndromes were identified，involving 14 pathogenic factors and 9 lesion locations.The distribution of syndromes was mainly characterized by Spleen-Stomach deficiency and Spleen-Kidney deficiency syndromes；deficiency-related pathogenic factors were primarily Qi deficiency，Yin deficiency，Yang deficiency，Essence deficiency，and blood deficiency，while excess-related syndrome elements were mainly Dampness，blood stasis，Heat，and Phlegm；lesion locations were mainly the Spleen，Kidney，Stomach，Liver，and meridians. Core symptoms and signs included fatigue，weakness of limbs，lassitude，poor appetite，muscle atrophy，loose stools，soreness of the waist and knees，shortness of breath，pale tongue，and thin pulse.Pathogenic factor clustering resulted in five categories:Spleen-Stomach Qi deficiency syndrome，Liver-Kidney deficiency syndrome，Yin-Yang deficiency syndrome，Damp-Heat infiltration syndrome，and Phlegm-stasis interlocking syndrome. Conclusion:The fundamental pathogenesis of sarcopenia in the elderly is Spleen-Stomach deficiency.The syndromes show a mixture of deficiency and excess in characteristics，mainly deficiency syndromes，while Damp-Heat and Phlegm-stasis are important pathological products.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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