Oxidative stress is a key factor in the occurrence and development of acute liver failure（ALF），while nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2（Nrf2）has antioxidant，anti-inflammatory，and cytoprotective effects，making it a potential target for the prevention and treatment of ALF.Active components of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）show significant potential in preventing and treating oxidative stress in ALF by regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.Studies have shown that various TCMs and their active components，including those that can clear Heat and detoxify（e.g.，Huangqin（Scutellaria baicalensis），Huangbai（Phellodendron）），can tonify，can promote blood circulation，can strengthen the Spleen，promote diuresis，and dispel Wind-Dampness，can activate the Nrf2 pathway，upregulate antioxidant enzyme activities，inhibit the production of oxidative stress products such as ROS，MDA，and MPO，and significantly improve liver oxidative damage.In addition，the Nrf2 pathway may alleviate inflammatory responses by inhibiting inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB and play a role in inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis and improving mitochondrial function.However，current research still has some limitations，such as relatively singular Nrf2-related targets and downstream oxidative indicators，unclear interaction mechanisms and cross-targets between Nrf2 and other pathways，and the unclear mechanisms of synergistic antioxidant effects of multiple active components.In the future，it is necessary to use multi-omics and network pharmacology approaches to systematically elucidate the mechanisms by which multiple TCMcomponents regulate Nrf2，and to strengthen high-quality randomized controlled trials to assess the precise efficacy of TCMactive components in regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway for the treatment of ALF，providing stronger evidence for the development and clinical application of new TCMdrugs.