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To investigate the causal relationship between serum liver enzymes and cardiovascular diseases in the East Asian population through Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.
A two-sample Mendelian randomization study was conducted using the hitherto largest genome-wide association study summary datasets in the East Asian population. The inverse-variance weighted method (IVW) and MR PRESSO were used as primary univariable MR analyses, whereas the weighted median method, MR Egger, removing palindromic and pleiotropic instrumental variables were used as sensitivity analyses. Multivariable MR analyses used the multivariable IVW method to evaluate the independent causal effects of multiple serum liver enzymes on coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke.
Genetically predicted serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were causally associated with CAD (ALT→CAD: OR=0.546, 95% CI: 0.403-0.739; GGT→CAD: OR=0.618, 95% CI: 0.555-0.689). Additionally, GGT directly affected CAD independent of ALT (OR=0.662, 95% CI: 0.586-0.747). Genetically predicted serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and GGT had direct causal effects on stroke that were independent of each other (AST→stroke: OR=1.137, 95% CI: 1.054-1.226; GGT→stroke: OR=1.166, 95% CI: 1.110-1.225).
Serum liver enzymes have causal effects on cardiovascular diseases in the East Asian population.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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