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To mailto:analyze the serovars, antimicrobial resistance status and distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes of Salmonella in Haidian District, Beijing. To discover the connection between antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes, and to explore the impact of disinfectant use during the COVID-19 on antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella.
Serotyping and drug susceptibility testing were performed on 107 strains andnext-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on 27 strains of Salmonella collected from 2021 to 2023.
Salmonella enteritidis had the highest proportion (57.01%). Ceftazidime/avibactam and ertapenem had the highest susceptibility rates (100.0%). Ciprofloxacin had the highest intermediate rate (63.6%), and nalidixic acid had the highest resistance rate (74.8%). Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed increased resistance to multiple drugs. Among 27 strains, the carrying rate of aminoglycoside resistance genes was 100.0%. Most strains carried four or fewer resistance genes (88.9%). Salmonella enteritidis with drug-resistant genotypes of aph(6)-Id, aac(6')-Iaa, aph(3'')-Ib, blaTEM-1B and sul2 accounted for the largest proportion (42.9%). Other serovarsSalmonella with only one type of aminoglycoside resistance gene accounted for the largest proportion (53.8%). The phenotypic and genotypic resistance patterns of Salmonella to streptomycin (sensitivity 100.0%, positive predictive value 77.8%), ampicillin (sensitivity 55.6%, positive predictive value 100.0%), cefotaxime (sensitivity 60.0%, positive predictive value 80.0%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (sensitivity 60.0%, positive predictive value 85.7%), and chloramphenicol (sensitivity 50.0%, positive predictive value 100.0%) showed good agreement.
The antimicrobial resistance situation of Salmonella in Haidian District is serious. The impact of disinfectants and the correlation between phenotypes and genotypes should be focused on in the future.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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