Yueyang Agricultural Science Research Institute selected Shengtaiyou 018 as the test variety and set up 3 treatments to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the agronomic traits, yield, and fertilizer utilization rate of rice. The results showed that soil testing and formulated fertilization could significantly improve the agronomic traits of rice, with the effective spike number, per-spike grain number, and thousand-grain weight increasing by 5.2%, 6.2%, and 1.2% respectively, and the rice yield increasing by 7.8%, significantly improving the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. In conclusion, soil testing and formulated fertilization could achieve the goals of increasing yield, improving quality, reducing costs, and increasing efficiency for Shengtaiyou 018, and could be widely promoted on a large scale.

Based on the damage caused by Sphacelotheca reiliana, this paper focused on the aspects such as the selection and application of disease-resistant varieties, control of the initial infection source, strengthening of cultivation management during the seedling stage, and application of chemical treatments, and proposed comprehensive control measures, with the aim of providing experience and reference for the prevention and control of Sphacelotheca reiliana.

To explore effective paths for cultivating new-type professional farmers in underdeveloped regions, this paper took Qingyang City as the research object. Through field research and policy analysis methods, it analyzed the current situation and key links of professional farmer cultivation in the area. The results showed that the cultivation of professional farmers in Qingyang need to focus on four aspects: model innovation, subject empowerment, policy optimization, and mechanism guarantee, in order to effectively solve the "three modernization" predicament and inject internal driving force for agricultural and rural modernization.

In order to efficiently utilize land resources and increase economic benefits, based on production practice, this paper summarized the three-in-one vertical planting cultivation technology of inter-cropping Benincasa hispida and watermelon with chili peppers. The key technical points included variety selection, pre-planting preparations, planting methods, post-planting management, and pest and disease control. The goal was to achieve a pure income of 48 000 yuan per crop, maximizing the benefits of the solar greenhouse. This technology was suitable for promotion and application in the Alar region.

Using the Passiflora edulis 'Golden' variety Qinguo No.9 as the object, the "Digital and Intelligent Farming" smart agriculture management system was designed. This system realized core functional modules such as real-time display of all elements of agricultural production activities, planting recommendations, production management, intelligent monitoring, and human-computer interaction assistants. Through multi-scenario field tests, the system could save 20% to 28% of irrigation water in the field, reduce fertilizer application by 18% to 26%, and increase crop yield by 15% to 25%.

TIn response to the "low nitrogen and low carbon" characteristics of the soil in the dry farming area of the Longzhong Loess Plateau and the problem of excessive application of chemical fertilizers, this study explored the optimal proportion of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizers to achieve green increase in potato yield and efficient synergy of resources. The experiment set up 6 treatments to measure yield, quality and fertilizer utilization rate, and combined with ¹⁵N tracing to quantify the nitrogen utilization mechanism. The conclusion showed that 20% organic substitution by matching slow-release nutrients with the peak nutrient demand, activating soil phosphorus and potassium, and enhancing carbon metabolism was a preliminary optimized technical paradigm for achieving "equivalent nutrient substitution of 20% chemical fertilizers-5.4% increase in yield-improvement in quality and efficiency" in arid areas.

Took Minle County as the research area, based on field investigations and data analysis, this paper expounded the difficulties faced by drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation technologies in their promotion at the grassroots level, including high initial investment, insufficient technical awareness, mismatched infrastructure, complex operation and management, and an imperfect policy support system. By comparing the applicability of the two technologies, this paper proposed improvement countermeasures such as hierarchical and categorized subsidies, improving the technical service system, promoting the integration of "agronomy-machinery-water conservancy", innovating management and operation models, and improving the water price and water rights mechanism, with the aim of providing reference for the large-scale promotion of efficient water-saving irrigation technologies in similar regions.

To enhance the energy-saving level of tobacco drying, an in-depth comparative study was conducted on the application effects of open-type, closed-type, and semi-open-type air-source heat pumped in tobacco drying. Through theoretical calculations and field tests, it was found that the semi-open-type unit, relying on the synergy of heat recovery from waste heat and dynamic moisture removal, had the lowest power consumption for drying dry tobacco leaves, demonstrating significant energy-saving advantages. The research results could provide a basis for the selection and promotion of tobacco drying heat pump equipment.

To meet the requirements for high-quality and efficient production of mountain-grown Actinidia chinensis, based on the regional ecological characteristics and multiple field experiments, a comprehensive cultivation technology system integrating variety selection and configuration, soil water and fertilizer regulation, tree pruning and management, detailed flower and fruit management, and green disease and pest control were integrated and constructed. This provided practical reference and technical support for the green standardized cultivation of Actinidia chinensis in southern mountainous areas.

At present, there is a problem of "emphasizing construction but neglecting management" in the construction of high-standard farmland in our country. The irrigation methods are still rather simplistic, and the mechanization level is relatively low. To address these issues, this paper proposed a three-layer architecture of "cloud-system-terminal", elaborated on the specific implementation paths of the perception layer, transmission layer and application layer, analyzed the methods of heterogeneous network integration, hardware equipment selection and system integration, and discussed the construction and operation maintenance models in combination with practice. The results showed that this system could control water and fertilizer very accurately, save a lot of labor, and provide a reference model for agricultural informatization construction.