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Lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are a group of Gram-positive bacteria that metabolize soluble carbohydrates to produce lactate as the main metabolite. Certain LABs have a long history of use in fermented foods and are generally considered as safe. On the other hand, LABs are commensal bacteria of the human body and have been shown to exert beneficial effect on the host, such as regulating the balance of intestinal and skin microecology and enhancing the body's immunity. At present, the addition of LABs and their active metabolites to skin care products could enhance moisturizing, antioxidant, and allergy-reduction effect, which have been accepted by consumers. The roles of LABs in treating skin diseases are also supported by more and more experimental data. With the rapid development of genetic tools, LABs have been explored to effectively produce value-added food and biomedical products such as organic acids, alcohols, and exopolysaccharides. Moreover, recent advances in synthetic biology have been used to engineer LABs for delivering therapeutic molecules in response to disease signals, showing attractive application prospect for disease therapy insitu. In the field of skincare, LABs are an attractive chassis for being engineered to produce bioactive substances for skincare and also as biotherapy carriers for wound treatment, as the food-safe status of LABs. In this review, we summarize the genetic operation systems established for LABs, from genetic accessibility to gene expression systems, and highlight the emerging genome editing techniques for manipulating their genomes. In addition, we comment research progress in producing moisturizing factors and antioxidants using LABs as cell factories. Finally, we expect the feasibility of targeted drug delivery by engineered LABs for healing skin wound and the prevention of infection by pathogenic bacteria, aiming at providing a reference for applying LABs in skin health.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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