With the accelerating global aging population, aging-related diseases have become a major challenge in public health. Regenerative medicine, as an ideal strategy for tissue damage repair, faces a series of special challenges in aging organisms. The development of regenerative biomaterials under aging conditions has been selected as one of the top ten industrial and technolagical challenges by the China Association for Science and Technology in 2025, highlighting the strategic significance of this field. Based on the underlying logic of regenerative repair in aging states, this paper systematically analyzes the core scientific issues and summarizes the dual dilemmas of "scale mismatch" and "ecological deterioration" faced by existing technologies in addressing systemic aging. Furthermore, it proposes an innovative approach inspired by ecological governance thinking—constructing a "microenvironment remodeling" system. Integrating perspectives from biology and engineering, this paper elaborates on the critical role of the new generation of regenerative biomaterials in bridging the multi-scale gap from molecules to organs and facilitating the paradigm shift of regenerative medicine from "structural replacement" to "ecological restoration". Finally, it discusses challenges such as cross-scale technology integration, clinical translation pathways, and multidisciplinary collaboration, aiming to provide deep reflection and practical guidance for overcoming technological bottlenecks and fostering new industries in life and health.