This article mainly analyzed and discussed the regulations on heavy metal residue limits for plant medicinal materials in the Pharmacopoeia of The People's Republic of China，understood the existing heavy metal limit regulations in the Pharmacopoeia of The People's Republic of China and provided reference for the revision of heavy metal residue regulations for plant medicinal materials in the future and corresponding countermeasures to promote the development of the medicinal value of plant medicinal materials.

The main research methods used in this project were literature research，statistical analysis and descriptive research，searching the literature for statistical analysis.

The Pharmacopoeia of The People's Republic of China has been conducting heavy metal testing since2000. The 2005 edition clearly defined the heavy metal content in plant medicinal materials and with the increase of years，we can add other plant medicinal material while maintaining the original heavy metal content. The heavy metal limits in the The Pharmacopoeia of The People's Republic of China are consistent with the Green Industry Standard for the Import and Export of Medicinal Plants and Preparations，and their values are stricter compared to the heavy metal limits of other countries and regions.

The formulation of heavy metal residue limit standards for plant medicinal materials in the Pharmacopoeia of The People's Republic of China is gradually being improved and perfected. The analysis and research of the standards for heavy metal residues in plant medicinal materials is a detailed explanation of the residual amount，stability，accuracy，objectivity and other characteristics of heavy metals in plant medicinal materials as reference indicators for monitoring and national basic medical and health standards.

This study was aimed to investigate effects of baicalin on ovarian glycometabolism process in aged mice.

Female ICR mice at the age of 10 months old were selected as the aged model，and were divided into the aged control group and baicalin group. Meanwhile，the mice aged 7 weeks old were set as the young control. The aged mice were orally administrated with 25 mg/kg baicalin，once a day for continuous 30 days. The other groups were orally administrated with the same dose of physiological saline solution. After the end of the experiments，peripheral blood，ovaries，liver，kidney and spleen of mice of each group were collected for assays of enzyme activities of glycometabolism key rate-limiting enzymes and expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins as well as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin（PI3K/AKT/mTOR）pathway.

The results showed that compared with those of the aged control，the general clinical manifestations of the aged mice with baicalin treatment were normal，the levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone（FSH）diseased（P<0.05），the level of serum estradiol（E2）increased（P<0.05），the activity of glycometabolism key rate-limiting enzymes enhanced（P<0.001），the expressions of pro-apoptosis protein including BCL2 associated X protein（BAX）and cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3（Caspase-3）were inhibited and the expressions of PI3K，AKT，mTOR and their phosphorylated forms were suppressed.

These data above indicated that baicalin can regulate activities of glycometabolism key ratelimiting enzymes and expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway，so as to improve ovarian aging.

To observe the mechanism of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α（HIF-1α）/vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）/Notch signaling pathway regulated by the secretion of exosome miR-210 in ischemic stroke rats.

SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group，model group and electroacupuncture group，with 6 rats in each group. In the later stage experiment，SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group，model group，exosome group（plasma exosome extracted after injection of electroacupuncture after modeling）and miR-210siRNA group（plasma exosome and miR-210siRNA extracted after injection of electroacupuncture after modeling）. HIF-1αinhibitor group（plasma exosomes and HIF-1αinhibitor group extracted after electroacupuncture treatment after modeling），20 in each group. The modified middle cerebral artery occlusion（MCAO）rat model was established in the preliminary experiment，and was reperfused after ischemia for 1 h. The electroacupuncture group was treated with electroacupuncture，and“Shuigou（DU26）”and“Baihui（DU20）”were selected for 30 min for a total of 3 days. The plasma exosomes of the rats in the electroacupuncture group were extracted for injection in the later experimental exosome group，miR-210siRNA group and HIIF-1αinhibitor group. After the experiment was completed，the samples were collected. The nerve function of rats was evaluated by Longa nerve function deficit score before and after the experiment. The concentration of exosomes was measured by BCA and the morphology and size of exosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of exosome signature proteins CD63，CD9 and CD81 were detected by Western blot. HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of cerebral ischemic tissue in rats. The expressions of miR-210mRNA，CD34，HIF-1α，VEGF and Notch mRNA in the exosomes of rats in the early experimental period and those in the striatal brain of rats in the late experimental period were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.

Compared with those of the sham operation group，Longa nerve function scores in the model group were higher（P<0.001）. Compared with that of the model group，the Longa nerve function score of rats in the electroacupuncture group was lower（P<0.05）. Compared with that in the sham operation group，the exosome concentration in the model group and the electroacupuncture group was higher（P<0.001），and the presence of exosome signature proteins CD63，CD9 and CD81 was true，that is，there were exosomes in the serum extracted by electroacupuncture in the previous experiment. In the later experiment，compared with that of the model group，the percentage of cerebral infarction volume in the exosome group，miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group decreased（P<0.001）and the neuronal swelling，nucleus atrophy and chromatin staining were improved in the exosome group. Expressions of miR-210mRNA，CD34，HIF-1α，VEGF and Notch mRNA were increased in exosome group，miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group（P<0.05）. Compared with that of the exosome group，the percentage of cerebral infarction volume of rats in miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group was increased（P<0.001）and the pathological damage of brain tissue of rats in both miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group was increased. And compared with those in the miR-210siRNA group，the arrangement of nerve cells was more disordered，the number of dense mass was more and the nucleus wrinkled was more serious in the HIF-1αinhibitor group. The expressions of miR-210mRNA，CD34，HIF-1α，VEGF and Notch mRNA were decreased in miR-210siRNA group and HIF-1αinhibitor group（P<0.05）.

Electroacupuncture can alleviate nerve function injury in rats，promote the production of exosome miR-210，regulate HIF-1α/VEGF/Notch signaling pathway，promote angiogenesis after cerebral ischemia，and then alleviate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.

To study the clinical effect of Xinshuai No.1 Formula（心衰1号）combined with sacubitril valsartan in the treatment of chronic heart failure with hypotension.

A hundred patients with chronic heart failure and hypotension treated in the hospital from August 2022 to July 2023 were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method，with 50 patients in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with sacubitril valsartan，and those in the observation group were treated with Xinshuai No.1 Formula combined with sacubitril valsartan for 4 weeks. The efficacy of cardiac function，blood pressure changes，serum inflammatory factors，quality of life and adverse reactions were observed and compared between the two groups.

The effective rate of cardiac function in the observation group was 68.00%（34/50），which was significantly higher than that in the control group（48.00%，24/50）（P<0.05）. After treatment，the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the two groups were significantly increased（P<0.05），and the pressures of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein（hs-CRP），interleukin-6（IL-6）or tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）between the two groups before treatment（P>0.05）. After treatment，the serum inflammatory factors of the two groups were significantly reduced，and the levels of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group（P<0.05）. After treatment，the physical domain score and total score of the Chinese version of the Minnesota Heart Failure Quality of Life Scale（MLHFQ）in the two groups were significantly decreased，and the physical domain score and total score of the MLHFQ in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group and the control group was 8.00%（4/50）and 10.00%（5/50）and the difference was not statistically significant（P>0.05）.

The clinical effect of Xinshuai No.1 Formula combined with sacubitril valsartan in the treatment of chronic heart failure with hypotension is satisfactory. It can better improve the cardiac function and blood pressure level，reduce the body's inflammatory response and improve the quality of life of patients，and the treatment is safe and reliable.

To investigate the effects of Gegen Qinlian Decoction（葛根芩连汤，GQD）on cholesterol levels in inguinal adipose tissue（epididymal white adipose tissue，iWAT）and epididymal adipose tissue（epididymal white adipose tissue，eWAT）of type 2 diabetic rats and to explore the possible mechanism from the viewpoint of DNA methylation of genes encoding key enzymes of cholesterol synthesis.

Rats were divided into 5 groups：control group（CON），type 2 diabetes mellitus model group（T2DM），metformin group（MET），GQD low-dose and high-dose groups（GQDL，GQDH）which were given the corresponding medicines via gavage for 14 weeks. Choelsterol levels were determined by spectrophotometer. Western blot（WB），Quantitative Real-time PCR（QPCR）and Bisulfite sequencing PCR（BSP）were used to detect protein，mRNA expression and DNA methylation respectively.

Both MET and GQDH could effectively reverse cholesterol levels of iWAT and eWAT in diabeteic rats. Moreover，GQDL could effectively reverse cholesterol levels of eWAT. GQDL and GQDH effectively elevated the protein expression levels of Hmgcr inWAT and eWAT，however，treatment groups didn’t exhibit the increase of the mRNA expression of genes encoding key enzymes of cholesterol synthesis. CAs methylation of Hmgcr in iWAT and eWAT and CG3 methylation of Hmgcr in eWAT were correlated with FBG，GSP or insulin of serum. Furthermore，CG3 methylation of eWAT in T2DM group was significantly reduced，while CAs methylation of eWAT in MET group was significantly increased.

The effect of GQD or MET on reversing cholesterol level in adipose tissue of diabetic rats may not be achieved by regulating the biosynthesis of the cholesterol. However，GQD may promote the nonsterol branch of mevalonate pathway by post-transcriptional regulation of Hmgcr. The hypomethylation of CAs and CG3 in adipose tissue may be closely related to the progress of diabetes mellitus.

The correlation between the occurrence of diuretic resistance in chronic heart failure and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）syndrome score was explored and the prevention of diuretic resistance in chronic heart failure and the reference basis for diagnosis and treatment were provided.

The data of hospitalized patients from2020 to 2022 was collected and stratified into two cohorts：those with diuretic resistance（154 cases）and those without diuretic resistance（265 cases）. Chi-square test and T-test were employed to compare the general data between the two groups. Logistic regression and Lasso regression were utilized to investigate the correlation between TCM syndrome score and diuretic resistance.

From 2020 to 2022，a total of 756 inpatients diagnosed with chronic heart failure were enrolled from sample hospitals. Among them，419 patients met the inclusion criteria，including 154 cases with diuretic resistance and 265 cases without diuretic resistance. Both groups received standard treatment consisting of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age，sex，cardiac function grade or combined diseases（P>0.05）and the two groups were comparable. The total admission score of the diuretic resistance group［（17.43±4.19）point］was significantly higher than that of the non-diuretic resistance group［（15.80±5.10）point］. Logistic regression model comparison showed that the scores of dyspnea（OR：1.359，95%CI：1.109～1.666），chest tightness and palpitation（OR：1.333，95%CI：1.092～1.628）and hypuria and limb swelling（OR：1.245，95%CI：1.105～1.404）at admission）was a risk factor for diuretic resistance when the patient was admitted. Las-so regression showed that the scores of dyspnea and hypuria and limb swelling were strongly correlated with diuretic resistance.

There is a correlation between diuretic resistance and TCM syndrome score in chronic heart failure. Patients'symptoms should be paid attention to and TCM syndrome score should be accurately evaluated when admitted to hospital.