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Outline
Huangqi（Astragali Radix）is sweet，slightly warm and its meridian tropism is spleen and lung meridians. It is a common herbal medicine to replenish Qi and blood. In recent years，many experts have found that Huangqi（Astragali Radix）can not only be used for the treatment of medical diseases，but also has a good effect in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis（KOA）. There are many effective main components in Huangqi（Astragali Radix），such as Astragalus saponins，Astragalus flavones and Astragalus polysaccharides. Modern experiments have confirmed that Huangqi（Astragali Radix）and these active ingredients play an important role in the treatment of KOA. These active ingredients reduce the contents of inflammatory factors in the body or joint fluid，and also can reduce the negative effects of oxidative stress reaction，and ultimately reduce the degradation of cartilage，bone remodeling and inflammatory lesions of synovial tissue or fibrosis of synovial tissue. Finally，it alleviates the morphological changes of the joint and plays a role in preventing and treating KOA. These active ingredients have been proven to regulate chondrocyte metabolism and reduce the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax，the key genes for apoptosis，under the action of Wnt/β-catenin，PI3K/AKT/mTOR，Hippo and other signaling pathways，thereby inhibiting the apoptosis of chondrocytes. It also can reduce the expressions of MMPs protein，protect typeⅡcollagen and agglutinoglycan in cartilage，and then prevent cartilage degeneration and delay the progression of KOA. This paper summarized the articles on Huangqi（Astragali Radix）and its active ingredients in the treatment of KOA in the past ten years，and described the role and mechanism of Huangqi（Astragali Radix）and its active ingredients in the treatment of KOA in detail，so as to provide direction and basis for the treatment of KOA.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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