Latest ArticlesTo observe the effects of acupuncture at the back-Shu and front-Mu acupoints of the spleen meridian combined with treadmill training on the expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR），p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase（p70S6K），paired box transcription factor 7（Pax7）and myogenic differentiation antigen（MyoD）in the atrophied gastrocnemius muscle of a rat model with sciatic nerve transection，and to explore the mechanism by which acupuncture at the spleen meridian acupoints combined with treadmill training delays denervation-induced muscle atrophy.
Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group，model group，treadmill exercise group，acupuncture group and acupuncture combined with treadmill exercise group（combination group），with 6 rats in each group. Except for the normal group，the rats in the other groups were subjected to sciatic nerve transection to establish a model of denervation-induced muscle atrophy in the left hind limb. Three days after successful modeling，the treatment was initiated. The acupuncture group received acupuncture at Pishu（BL20）and Zhangmen（LR13）once a day，6 times per week. The treadmill exercise group underwent treadmill training once a day，6 times per week. The combination group received treadmill training followed by acupuncture treatment（the same method as the above）. The intervention lasted for 4 consecutive weeks. The gastrocnemius muscle wet weight ratio was calculated for each group. Hematoxylin and eosin（HE）staining was used to observe the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers. Western blot and RTPCR methods were employed to detect the protein and gene expression levels of mTOR，p70S6K，Pax7 and MyoDin the gastrocnemius muscle of each group.
The wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle and the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle cells in the model group were lower than those in the normal group（P<0.05）. The wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle and the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle cells in the treadmill exercise group，acupuncture group and combination group were higher than those in the model group（P<0.05）. The wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle and the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle cells in the combination group were higher than those in the acupuncture group and treadmill exercise group（P<0.05）. The expressions of mTOR，p70S6K，pax7 and Myod proteins and genes in the gastrocnemius muscle of the model group rats were lower than those in the normal group（P<0.05）. The expressions of mTOR，p70S6K，pax7 and Myod proteins and genes in the gastrocnemius muscle of the acupuncture group，treadmill exercise group and combination group were higher than those in the model group（P<0.05），and the expressions of mTOR，p70S6K，pax7 and Myod proteins and genes in the affected side gastrocnemius muscle of the combination group were higher than those in the acupuncture group and treadmill exercise group（P<0.05）.
Acupuncture at the back-Shu and front-Mu acupoints of the spleen meridian and treadmill training may promote the synthesis of skeletal muscle-related synthetic proteins and increase the differentiation levels of skeletal muscle satellite cells by enhancing the expressions of mTOR，p70S6K，pax7 and Myod proteins and genes，thereby delaying denervated muscular atrophy.
Diyu（Sanguisorbae Radix）is a traditional Chinese medicine，that cools blood to stop bleeding，and relieves toxin to heal sores. However，New Compilation of Materia Medica highlights its dual function of stop bleeding and replenishing blood. At the same time，the prescription books of the past dynasties also recorded the application of Diyu（Sanguisorbae Radix）in replenishing blood. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that Diyu（Sanguisorbae Radix）has the effect of increasing white blood cells，red blood cells and platelets. Among them，Diyu Shengbai Tablet（地榆升白片）which is the preparation only with Diyu（Sanguisorbae Radix）can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients by increasing the white blood cell count，restoring peripheral blood image and increasing the number of platelets. Triterpenoid saponins in Diyu（Sanguisorbae Radix）can up-regulate Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase（ERK）and express and activate Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain-like Receptor（NOD）signaling pathway to promote bone marrow cell proliferation. Phenolic acids promote the proliferation and differentiation of megakaritic progenitors by up-regulating the expression of thrombopoietin（TPO）and tumor necrosis factor-alpha（TNF-α）. Although the blood-tonic effect of Diyu（Sanguisorbae Radix）has been preliminarily confirmed，the connotation of its blood-tonic effect was still fully clarified. To this end，this paper systematically combed the ancient and modern literature related to Diyu（Sanguisorbae Radix）from the Han Dynasty to the present，and analyzed the literature on the blood-tonic effect of Diyu（Sanguisorbae Radix）based on the records of traditional materia medica，prescription books，clinical applications and modern pharmacological research in order to further clarify the understanding of the blood-tonic effect of Diyu（Sanguisorbae Radix）and expand the clinical application of Diyu（Sanguisorbae Radix）in blood-tonic-related fields.
To explore the biological mechanism of Parkinson's disease（PD）of kidney essence deficiency syndrome from the perspective of glucose metabolism and the mechanism of intervention of Dihuang Yinzi（地黄饮子）in PD of kidney essence deficiency syndrome.
Fifty-five SPF grade male 12-week-old SAM-P8 mice were divided into model group，positive drug group，Dihuang Yinzi low，middle and high dose groups，with 11 mice in each group，and 11 SAM-R1 mice were as the normal group. The PD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1，2，3，6-tetrahydropyridine（MPTP）（30 mg/kg，once a day）into SAM-P8 mice for 7 days，and the intervention lasted for 4 weeks. The general status indicators of mice was observed，and the fasting blood glucose levels and behavioral indicators in mice were measured. HE staining was used to observe the structural changes of mouse kidney and testis. Western blot（WB），immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction（PCR）were used to detect the protein contents of glucose transporter 1（GLUT1），glucose transporter 3（GLUT3），glucose transporter 4（GLUT4），and glycogen synthase kinase 3β（GSK-3β）in the substantia nigra and striatum of mouse brain tissue.
In the open field experiment，compared with the normal group，the model group showed a decrease in total exercise distance（P<0.05）and an increase in latency（P<0.05）. Compared with that of the model group，the latency of mice in the Dihuang Yinzi low and high dose groups decreased（P<0.05）. The total distance of mice in the Dihuang Yinzi middle dose group increased（P<0.05）. In the pole climbing experiment，compared with the normal group，the model group showed an increase in pole climbing time（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group，the Dihuang Yinzi low and high groups showed a decrease in time（P<0.05）. Compared with those before administration，the Dihuang Yinzi low，middle and high dose groups showed a decrease in time（P<0.05）. In the gait experiment，compared with the normal group，the model group showed significant differences in right anterior contact area，left anterior propulsion time，right posterior propulsion index，left posterior support phase and right anterior support phase（P<0.01）. Compared with that in the model group，there was a significant difference in the right posterior propulsion index（P<0.01）in the Dihuang Yinzi low dose group. There were significant differences in the contact area of the right forelimb，right posterior propulsion index，left posterior support phase，and right anterior support phase in the Dihuang Yinzi middle dose group（P<0.01）. There were significant differences in the contact area of the right forelimb，left posterior support phase and right anterior support phase in the Dihuang Yinzi high dose group（P<0.01）. HE renal staining test results showed compared with the blank group，the model group showed pathological changes such as glomerular epithelial cell proliferation，increased lipid droplets，renal tubular dilation，increased cell debris，increased red blood cells，increased lymphocytes，increased fibroblasts and increased fibroblasts. Compared with the model group，the Dihuang Yinzi high dose group showed a decrease in lipid droplets，red blood cells and fibroblasts. The HE testicular staining results showed that compared with the blank group，the model group showed pathological changes such as vacuolization of the spermatogenic epithelium and decreased sperm count. Compared with the model group，the Dihuang Yinzi high dose group showed reduced vacuolization of the spermatogenic epithelium. WB detection results showed compared with the normal group，the model group showed a significant decrease in GLUT1 protein expression in the substantia nigra（P<0.01），and a decrease in protein expressions of GLUT3 and GLUT4（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group，the Dihuang Yinzi high dose group showed a significant increase in protein expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT4 protein expression（P<0.01，P<0.05）and GSK-3βprotein expression decreased（P<0.05）. Compared with the normal group，the protein expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in the striatum of the model group decreased significantly（P<0.01），and the expression of GLUT4 protein decreased（P<0.05）. The protein expression of GSK-3βincreased（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group，the Dihuang Yinzi high dose group showed an increase in protein expression of GLUT1，GLUT3 and GLUT4（P<0.05，P<0.01），and GSK-3βprotein expression decreased（P<0.05）. Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection results showed compared with the normal group，the mRNA expressions of GLUT1，GLUT3 and GLUT4 in the substantia nigra of the model group mice were significantly reduced（P<0.01），and GSK-3βexpression increased（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group，the Dihuang Yinzi high dose group showed increased expressions of GLUT1，GLUT3 and GLUT4（P<0.05），and GSK-3βexpression decreased（P<0.05）. Compared with the normal group，the mRNA expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in the striatum of the model group were significantly lower（P<0.01），the expression of GLUT4 was lower（P<0.05）and the expression of GSK-3βincreased（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group，the Dihuang Yinzi high dose group showed increased expressions of GLUT1，GLUT3 and GLUT4（P<0.05），and GSK-3βexpression decreased（P<0.05）. Immunohistochemical test results showed compared with the normal group，the expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT4 in the substantia nigra of the model group decreased（P<0.05），and GSK-3βexpression increased（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group，the Dihuang Yinzi high dose group significantly increased the expression of GLUT1（P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group，the expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT4 in the striatum of the model group decreased significantly（P<0.01，P<0.05），respectively. Compared with the model group，the Dihuang Yinzi high dose group significantly increased the expressions of GLUT1，GLUT3 and GLUT4（P<0.01，P<0.05），and the expression of GSK-3βdecreased（P<0.05）.
1. Dihuang Yinzi can improve the motor speed，grip ability，limb coordination and exploration ability of PD mice with kidney essence deficiency syndrome.2. Dihuang Yinzi can reduce fasting blood glucose in mice with PD kidney essence deficiency syndrome，improve energy metabolism by correcting glucose metabolism.3. Dihuang Yinzi can increase the protein expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT4 in the substantia nigra of PD mice with kidney essence deficiency syndrome，and reduce the protein expression of GSK-3βin the substantia nigra of the brain，increase the expressions of GLUT1，GLUT3 and GLUT4 in the brain striatum，and reduce the expression of GSK-3β in the brain striatum. The protein expression in the Dihuang Yinzi middle and high dose groups was higher than that in the Dihuang Yinzi low dose group.4. Dihuang Yinzi has abnormal intake of GLUT1，GLUT3，GLUT4 and GSK-3βproteins. Dihuang Yinzi can treat PD of kidney essence deficiency syndrome by regulating the expressions of GLUT1，GLUT3，GLUT4 and GSK-3β proteins in the substantia nigra and striatum of PD mice.
Through a systematic review and comparison of relevant literature on the biosynthesis factors and extraction processes of flavonoids in medicinal plants，this paper systematically discussed the abiotic factors that affect the synthesis of flavonoids in medicinal plants，such as drought stress，salt stress and ultraviolet（UV）stress，as well as abiotic factors such as nematode invasion and pathogen infection. When dealing with drought stress，a large amount of flavonoids act as complex buffer solutions，continuously exported from the roots through biosynthesis and transformation，providing conditions for clearing reactive oxygen species and accurately and rapidly maintaining the balance of reactive oxygen species in the plant body，thus effectively responding to the ever-changing environment. Short-term salt stress alleviates cell membrane damage by activating antioxidant enzyme activity. UV radiation and light intensity promote the synthesis of flavonoids to achieve their stress resistance. In the face of biological stress，flavonoids，as plant specific antitoxin，can have a killing effect on invading organisms，thereby protecting plants. In addition，the extraction methods of flavonoids from medicinal plants，including ultrasonic-assisted extraction，microwave assisted extraction and enzyme extraction，were summarized. A systematic description was provided on the classification of solvents and their impact on extraction efficiency in order to provide some reference for the widespread application of flavonoids in medicinal plants. Although the stress has a certain promoting effect on the synthesis of flavonoids，the application of traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes integrity，and whether stress will damage the integrity of medicinal plants in therapeutic effects still needs to be explored.
To observe the effects of Tiaomo Decoction（调膜汤）combined with pelvic floor electric stimulation on endometrial thickness，endometrial shape and endometrial blood flow in patients with kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome of thin endometrial，and to evaluate its curative effect on thin endometrial.
A total of 90 patients with thin endometrium who were admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2022 to October 2023 were selected and included into the control group，observation group 1 and observation group 2 according to their treatment intention，with 30 cases in each group. The control group was given low-dose aspirin orally during non-menstrual period，the observation group 1 was given Tiaomo Decoction orally from the first to the 28th day of menstruation on the basis of the control group，and the observation group 2 was given pelvic floor bioelectric stimulation treatment during non-menstrual period on the basis of observation group 1. One menstrual cycle was 1 course of treatment. After 3 courses of treatment，menstrual blood volume，traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）syndrome score，endometrial thickness，endometrial morphology and endometrial blood flow index were compared before and after treatment.
The total effective rate of the observation group 1 and 2 was better than that of the control group（P<0.05）. After treatment，the blood volume score，TCM syndrome score，intima thickness and type and hemodynamics of the observation group 1 and 2 were significantly improved compared with those before treatment（P<0.05），and the efficacy was better than that of control group（P<0.05）. The intima thickness，intima type A rate，blood flow pulsation index and blood flow resistance index of the observation group 2 were more significant than those of the observation group 1（P<0.05）.
Based on the therapeutic theory of“invigorating kidney Qi and regulating cell pulse”，Tiaomo Decoction combined with pelvic floor electrical stimulation can increase the menstrual blood volume of patients，improve the clinical symptoms，increase the endometrial thickness and the proportion of type A endometrial by improving the uterine blood microcirculation，induce endometrial growth and improve the receptivity of thin endometrial.
Increased resistance of Helicobacter pylori to antibiotics is the primary factor contributing to the failure of clinical eradication therapy. Resistance mechanisms include specific resistance to certain types of antibiotics and nonspecific resistance to external attack factors. The latter includes impaired drug uptake/excretory mechanisms，biofilm formation，spherical transformation，and internalization of Helicobacter pylori，all of which are significant in the development of multidrug resistance in Helicobacter pylori. The use of Chinese herbal medicines or their active ingredients to enhance Helicobacter pylori eradication rates，inhibit drug-resistant strains and increase sensitivity to antibiotics has garnered increased attention in eradication therapy. The pathways of action of these herbal medicines are primarily associated with nonspecific resistance mechanisms. This review focused on the nonspecific drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori and the anti-drug resistance mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine to address the growing issue of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori，which holds great clinical significance.
By consulting relevant ancient and modern literature，the processing history，the modern processing，the changes of chemical composition and pharmacological effects after the processing of Baizhu（Atractylodesmacrocephala Koidz）were organized and summarized，providing a basis for the standardization of the development of Baizhu（Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz）processing products. According to the ancient records，the processing methods of Baizhu（Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz）include purification，cutting，frying，removing oil，stir-frying with auxiliary materials，cannoning，simmering，etc. Stir-frying is the most documented and well categorized，honey-processing and other stir-frying methods have been in use to the present day. Among them，Baizhu（Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz）processed by stir-frying method is most widely used in clinical practice. The chemical constituents of Baizhu（Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz）that have been documented in the current literature to change after processing include polysaccharides，lactones and volatile oils. The pharmacological effects of Baizhu（Atractylodesmacrocephala Koidz）processing products include gastrointestinal motility regulation，immunomodulation，antitumor，anti-inflammatory，regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and hepatoprotection effects. However，there is a lack of research on the correlation between changes in content and pharmacological effects in the study of processing pharmacology. Future studies could be based on the analysis of the processing technology and the changes in component contents of Baizhu（Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz），to further explore the relationship between component changes and pharmacological effects and analyse the molecular mechanism of component contents in Baizhu（Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz）processing，with a view to laying the foundations of guidelines and pharmacological applications of Baizhu（Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz）decoction pieces.
To study the efficacy of Bushen Fangshu Decoction（补肾防疏汤）in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture（kidney Qi deficiency syndrome）and its effect on fracture healing，and to analyze the related mechanism of action.
Ninety-eight patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture of kidney Qi deficiency syndrome who underwent surgical treatment in Weifang People's Hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were included in the study，and they were divided into two groups by randomized numerical table method，49 cases of the control group were treated with conventional anti-osteoporosis therapy after surgery，and 49 cases of the observation group were treated with Bushen Fangshu Decoction on the basis of the control group，and the effect of the two groups was compared. The two groups were compared in terms of therapeutic effect，traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores，bone mineral density，lumbar spine function，pain level and bone metabolism index changes.
The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.92%，much higher than 77.55% of the control group，and the difference between the two groups was significant（P<0.05）. The points of the three main symptoms，lumbar spine function oswestry disability index（ODI）score，and fracture healing time of the observation group were lower than those of the control group（P<0.05）. The visual analog scale（VAS）scores of the observation group were lower than that of the control group in the 1-week，1-month，2-month and 3-month periods after surgery（P<0.05）. The levels of osteoporosis screening tool（OST），bone-specific alkaline phosphatase（BAP）and 25-hydroxyvitamin D［25（OH）D］and the bone mineral density of the observation group were higher than those of the control group after treatment（P<0.05）. VASscores at each time point were lower than those of the control group（P<0.05）. The levels of OST，BAP and 25（OH）D and the bone mineral density in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after treatment（P<0.05）.
The application of Bushen Fangshu Decoction for postoperative treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture with kidney Qi deficiency syndrome can effectively reduce postoperative pain，improve bone density，promote bone metabolism，and has a positive effect on promoting functional recovery and improving quality of life for patients.
Erysipelas is a prevalent surgical complication with prolonged duration and propensity for recurrence. Traditional Chinese medicine offers a robust therapeutic approach to addressing this condition. FANG Zhixuan is a renowned traditional Chinese medicine surgical expert and a prominent figure in the field of Yanjing traditional Chinese medicine surgery. He is particularly known for his contributions to the“Fang's surgery”，which has become a hallmark of this surgical approach. Fang's Surgery is grounded in the academic traditions of the Yanjing Imperial School of Medicine and draws upon the insights of Golden Mirror of Medical Sect，which has made significant contributions to the treatment of breast diseases，skin diseases and peripheral vascular diseases. This article presented FANG Zhixuan's experience in the management of erysipelas，encompassing different aetiologies and pathogenesis，various stages of development，treatment approaches and a combination of internal and external medications. These were discussed in the context of integrating local and holistic diagnosis with internal and external treatments.
Mabiancao（Verbena officinalis L.）contains a variety of active ingredients such as flavonoids，iridoid terpenoids，phenylethanol glycosides，triterpenoids，sterols and volatile oils. Mabiancao（Verbena officinalis L.）has many pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory，analgesic，antitussive，anti-fertility，promoting milk secretion，and anti-tumor. Moreover，the resource of Mabiancao（Verbena officinalis L.）is abundant globally，and has broad application prospects. In this study，it systematically reviewed the current quality control status of Mabiancao（Verbena officinalis L.），and analyzed it from seven aspects including plant relative theory，compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine，traditional efficacy，modern pharmacological action，different producing areas，effectiveness and predictability of ingredients，based on the concept of quality marker（Q-Marker）. The results showed that the chemically active ingredients such as ursolic acid，oleanolic acid and verbenaglycosides can be used as QMarkers of Mabiancao（Verbena officinalis L.），which provided a good basis for the quality control research and establishment of quality standards for Mabiancao（Verbena officinalis L.）in the future.
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