Increased resistance of Helicobacter pylori to antibiotics is the primary factor contributing to the failure of clinical eradication therapy. Resistance mechanisms include specific resistance to certain types of antibiotics and nonspecific resistance to external attack factors. The latter includes impaired drug uptake/excretory mechanisms,biofilm formation,spherical transformation,and internalization of Helicobacter pylori,all of which are significant in the development of multidrug resistance in Helicobacter pylori. The use of Chinese herbal medicines or their active ingredients to enhance Helicobacter pylori eradication rates,inhibit drug-resistant strains and increase sensitivity to antibiotics has garnered increased attention in eradication therapy. The pathways of action of these herbal medicines are primarily associated with nonspecific resistance mechanisms. This review focused on the nonspecific drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori and the anti-drug resistance mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine to address the growing issue of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori,which holds great clinical significance.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |