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Outline
To observe the effects of acupuncture at the back-Shu and front-Mu acupoints of the spleen meridian combined with treadmill training on the expressions of mammalian target of rapamycin（mTOR），p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase（p70S6K），paired box transcription factor 7（Pax7）and myogenic differentiation antigen（MyoD）in the atrophied gastrocnemius muscle of a rat model with sciatic nerve transection，and to explore the mechanism by which acupuncture at the spleen meridian acupoints combined with treadmill training delays denervation-induced muscle atrophy.
Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group，model group，treadmill exercise group，acupuncture group and acupuncture combined with treadmill exercise group（combination group），with 6 rats in each group. Except for the normal group，the rats in the other groups were subjected to sciatic nerve transection to establish a model of denervation-induced muscle atrophy in the left hind limb. Three days after successful modeling，the treatment was initiated. The acupuncture group received acupuncture at Pishu（BL20）and Zhangmen（LR13）once a day，6 times per week. The treadmill exercise group underwent treadmill training once a day，6 times per week. The combination group received treadmill training followed by acupuncture treatment（the same method as the above）. The intervention lasted for 4 consecutive weeks. The gastrocnemius muscle wet weight ratio was calculated for each group. Hematoxylin and eosin（HE）staining was used to observe the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers. Western blot and RTPCR methods were employed to detect the protein and gene expression levels of mTOR，p70S6K，Pax7 and MyoDin the gastrocnemius muscle of each group.
The wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle and the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle cells in the model group were lower than those in the normal group（P<0.05）. The wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle and the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle cells in the treadmill exercise group，acupuncture group and combination group were higher than those in the model group（P<0.05）. The wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle and the average cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle cells in the combination group were higher than those in the acupuncture group and treadmill exercise group（P<0.05）. The expressions of mTOR，p70S6K，pax7 and Myod proteins and genes in the gastrocnemius muscle of the model group rats were lower than those in the normal group（P<0.05）. The expressions of mTOR，p70S6K，pax7 and Myod proteins and genes in the gastrocnemius muscle of the acupuncture group，treadmill exercise group and combination group were higher than those in the model group（P<0.05），and the expressions of mTOR，p70S6K，pax7 and Myod proteins and genes in the affected side gastrocnemius muscle of the combination group were higher than those in the acupuncture group and treadmill exercise group（P<0.05）.
Acupuncture at the back-Shu and front-Mu acupoints of the spleen meridian and treadmill training may promote the synthesis of skeletal muscle-related synthetic proteins and increase the differentiation levels of skeletal muscle satellite cells by enhancing the expressions of mTOR，p70S6K，pax7 and Myod proteins and genes，thereby delaying denervated muscular atrophy.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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