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Outline
Through a systematic review and comparison of relevant literature on the biosynthesis factors and extraction processes of flavonoids in medicinal plants，this paper systematically discussed the abiotic factors that affect the synthesis of flavonoids in medicinal plants，such as drought stress，salt stress and ultraviolet（UV）stress，as well as abiotic factors such as nematode invasion and pathogen infection. When dealing with drought stress，a large amount of flavonoids act as complex buffer solutions，continuously exported from the roots through biosynthesis and transformation，providing conditions for clearing reactive oxygen species and accurately and rapidly maintaining the balance of reactive oxygen species in the plant body，thus effectively responding to the ever-changing environment. Short-term salt stress alleviates cell membrane damage by activating antioxidant enzyme activity. UV radiation and light intensity promote the synthesis of flavonoids to achieve their stress resistance. In the face of biological stress，flavonoids，as plant specific antitoxin，can have a killing effect on invading organisms，thereby protecting plants. In addition，the extraction methods of flavonoids from medicinal plants，including ultrasonic-assisted extraction，microwave assisted extraction and enzyme extraction，were summarized. A systematic description was provided on the classification of solvents and their impact on extraction efficiency in order to provide some reference for the widespread application of flavonoids in medicinal plants. Although the stress has a certain promoting effect on the synthesis of flavonoids，the application of traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes integrity，and whether stress will damage the integrity of medicinal plants in therapeutic effects still needs to be explored.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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