To clarify the liver protective effect of Ginkgo flavone aglycone（GA）on rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）and its mechanism of action.

SD rats were fed with high-fat diet to establish an animal model of NAFLD. At the same time，GA（50 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg）was gavaged once a day for 8 weeks. The effect of GA on NAFLD rats was evaluated by methods such as HE staining，Western blot，lipid oxidation and endothelial injury detection. In vitro，HepG2 cells were induced by 500 μmol/L sodium oleate to establish an NAFLD cell model，and at the same time，GA（1.5 μg/mL or 3 μg/mL）was given for 48 hours. The effect of GA on hepatocytes was analyzed by methods such as oil red O staining，Western blot and triglyceride content determination.

At the animal in vivo level，GA can reduce the body weight and organ index of rats，reduce the contents of triglyceride（TG），total cholesterol（TC）and low-density lipoprotein（LDL），increase the content of high-density lipoprotein（HDL），and improve the disorder of liver lipid metabolism. At the same time，GA can reduce the contents of serum malondialdehyde（MDA），oxidized low-density lipoprotein（ox-LDL）and soluble lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1（sLOX-1），reduce the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS），inhibit the oxidative stress，and improve the vascular endothelial cell injury. HE staining showed that GA can reduce liver steatosis，inhibit aortic lipid deposition and thrombosis，and restore aortic lesions caused by lipid metabolism disorders. At the in vitro cellular level，GA can reduce the TG content in hepatocytes and improve the lipid accumulation induced by sodium oleate. Proteins extracted from the livers of rats and HepG2 cells induced by sodium oleate were detected. It is found that GA can improve the lipid metabolism disorders and reduce liver injury by down-regulating liver lipogenic proteins（SREBP-1C，FAS）and up-regulating the expressions of fatty acid oxidation proteins（PPARα，CPT1A）.

In high-fat-induced hepatocytes，GA may inhibit fat synthesis and promote fatty acid oxidation by down-regulating the expressions of SREBP-1C and FAS and up-regulating the expressions of PPARα and CPT1A，improve the lipid metabolism disorders，exert the antioxidant effects，protect the liver and vascular fatty degeneration damage，and has a potential role in treating NAFLD.

To analyze the volatile organic compounds（VOCs）in the soils associated with wild Dihuang（Rehmannia glutinosa）from different regions，providing a theoretical basis for exploring the causes of differences in Dihuang（Rehmannia glutinosa）medicinal materials across these regions.

A total of 35 batches of wild Dihuang（Rehmannia glutinosa）-associated soils from the authentic and the non-authentic production areas were studied. The VOCs in the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed on the normalized data using software such as SIMCA 14.1 and SPSS 24 to identify differences in VOCs between the authentic and the non-authentic regions.

The VOCs in the dichloromethane extracts primarily included esters，alcohols，alkanes and phenols，with significant differences in the relative contents of alkanes，phenols and esters between the authentic and the non-authentic regions. The ethyl acetate extracts mainly contained esters，alkanes，alcohols，phenols，amides and alkenes，with significant differences in these components between the regions. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that soil samples were distinctly grouped by their region，with alkanes，acids and esters being the main contributors to the observed differences.

Although the types of VOCs in soils associated with wild Dihuang（Rehmannia glutinosa）are similar between the authentic and the non-authentic regions，their relative contents differ significantly，with alkanes，acids and esters being the primary differentiating compounds.

To investigate the effect of Tectoridin（Tec）on autophagy and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line HGC-27.

The cell proliferation ability was detected by CCK-8 and clone formation assay，the cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry，and the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA was used to detect the autophagy. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of Beclin-1，Bcl-2，Bax and p53. Bioinformatics methods were used to predict the potential targets and signaling pathways，molecular docking was used to evaluate the binding degree between targets and Tec. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway related proteins.

Tec can inhibit gastric cancer proliferation in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner，promote the autophagy and apoptosis of HGC-27 cells，up-regulate the protein expressions of autophagy factor Beclin-1，apoptosis factor p53 and Bax，and reduce the protein expressions of apoptosis molecule Bcl-2. PPI network visualization analysis showed a strong affinity between Tec and targets such as AKT1，while KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that the inhibitory effect of Tec on gastric cancer may be closely related to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The protein expressions of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway，including p-PI3K，p-Akt and p-mTOR，were down-regulated.

Tec can induce the cell apoptosis and autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to inhibit the growth of HGC-27 cells.

To investigate the mechanism by which total flavonoids of Lizhihe（Lichi Semen）（TFL）inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and attenuating hepatic fibrosis in rats.

Hepatic fibrosis in rats was caused by subcutaneous injection of 40% carbon tetrachloride（CCl₄），and the rats were randomly divided into a blank group，a model group，a Fuzheng Huayu Capsule（扶正化瘀胶囊）group（450 mg/kg），a TFL high-dose group（180 mg/kg），a TFL medium-dose group（90 mg/kg）and a TFL low-dose group（45 mg/kg）according to their body weights. After 8 weeks of gavage administration，the fibrotic lesions of liver tissue were observed by Masson staining，and the levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1（TIMP-1），matrix metal oproteinase-2（MMP-2）and reactive oxygen species（ROS）in liver tissue were detected. The expressions of thioredoxin interacting protein（TXNIP），NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3（NLRP3），Caspase-1 and interleukin-1β（IL-1β）proteins in liver tissue were determined by Western blotting.

Each dose of TFL attenuated the degree of hepatic tissue fibrosis in rats and significantly reduced the hepatic fibrosis grade（P<0.05），and the hepatic tissue levels of TIMP-1 and MMP-2 were significantly decreased in each dose group of TFL（P<0.05）. What's more，all doses of TFL significantly reduced the liver tissue ROS level（P<0.01），and decreased the expressions of TXNIP，Caspase-1 and IL-1β proteins（P<0.05）.

TFL significantly attenuated CCl₄-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats，and the mechanism may be related to the reduction of hepatic ROS accumulation，which inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles.

To observe the effect of Zhibai Dihuang Pills（知柏地黄丸）on bone density and bone metabolism indicators in elderly patients with prostate cancer after drug castration treatment.

Eighty-two elderly patients with prostate cancer treated with drug castration were selected from the geriatric medicine department，general medicine department，oncology department，urology department，radiotherapy department and other outpatient departments and wards of Lianyungang Second People's Hospital. The patients were divided into the experiment group（42 cases）and the control group（40 cases）according to the random number method. Both groups received castration medicines. The control group received medication for castration in addition to calcium supplementation without any additional traditional Chinese medicine treatment. On the basis of the control group，the experimental group was additionally treated with Zhibai Dihuang Pills，with an observation period of 12 months. Total Prostate Specific Antigen（PSA），Free Prostate Specific Antigen（FPSA），Bone Density T-values（Lumbar L2～4，Femoral Neck，and Wards Triangle），as well as bone metabolism indicators，including bone glaprotein（BGP），C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type I collagen（CTX-I），bone alkaline phosphatase（BALP），25-hydroxyvitamin D［25（OH）D］and other indicators were recorded before treatment and at 3，6 and 12 months after treatment.

After 3 months of treatment，there was no significant difference in PSA，FPSA，bone density T-values（lumbar L2～4，femoral neck，Wards triangle）or bone metabolism indicators between the two groups. After 6 months of treatment，the index of BALP in the control group was radically higher than that in the experimental group，and the bone density T-values（lumbar L2～4，femoral neck，Wards triangle）were significantly higher than those in the control group（P<0.05），while there was no significant difference in other indicators. After 12 months of treatment，the levels of BALP and CTX-I in the control group were radically higher than those in the experimental group（P<0.05），bone density T-values（lumbar L2～4，femoral neck，Wards triangle），the levels of 25（OH）D and BGP were significantly higher than those in the control group（P<0.05），and there was no significant difference in other indicators. The comparison results before and after treatment within the experimental group showed significant differences in VAS scores. The bone metabolism indicators of the experimental group before and after treatment showed significant differences，except for the pairwise comparison of BALP treatment at 3 and 6 months，and those at 6 and 12 months（P<0.01，P<0.001）.

Zhibai Dihuang Pills can significantly improve osteoporosis in the elderly prostate cancer patients after drug castration treatment，increase the bone density，resist the oxidative stress and help to improve the quality of life of the elderly prostate cancer patients.

To investigate the ameliorative effects of dredging Du meridian and regulating spirit acupuncture on cognitive impairment in stroke rats and its potential molecular mechanisms in regulating mitochondrial ferroptosis.

Seventy rats were randomly divided into a normal control group（19 rats），a sham operation group（19 rats），a stroke model group（16 rats）and dredging Du meridian and regulating spirit acupuncture group（16 rats）. The normal control group did not receive any intervention，while the stroke model group used thread embolization to prepare a stroke rat model. The sham operation group only exposed the neck arteries，but did not receive the thread embolization treatment. The rats in the dredging Du meridian and regulating spirit acupuncture group were subjected to acupuncture at“Baihui（DU20）”and“Shenting（DU24）”，with the addition of an electroacupuncture device. The other group were simply fixed in the same environment without any other intervention measures. The stroke model was established in rats by filament occlusion method. Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the learning and memory abilities. Brain infarct area was detected by TTC staining. The levels of Fe²⁺ and glutathione（GSH）in brain tissues were measured biochemically. The expressions of transferrin receptor（TfR1），iron regulatory protein 1（IRP1）and ferroportin（FPN）related to mitochondrial iron metabolism were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot.

Compared with the normal controls，the stroke model rats exhibited significant cognitive impairment，increased brain infarct area，elevated Fe²⁺ level and reduced GSH level in brain tissues，up-regulated TfR1 expression and down-regulated expressions of IRP1 and FPN. Dredging Du meridian and regulating spirit acupuncture ameliorated these alterations，suggesting its role in maintaining cellular iron homeostasis and inhibiting ferroptosis.

Dredging Du meridian and regulating spirit acupuncture significantly improved cognitive dysfunction and brain infarction in stroke rats，likely by regulating the expressions of iron metabolism-related molecules to restore cellular iron homeostasis，thereby attenuating neuronal damage induced by mitochondrial ferroptosis.

To observe the curative effect of Xiaoxuming Decoction（小续命汤）on acute cerebral infarction（ACI）complicated with stroke associated related pneumonia（SAP）syndrome of wind-phlegm blocking collateral and its effect on Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）/nuclear factor kappa-B（NF-κB）signaling pathway.

A total of 90 patients with ACI combined with SAP treated in Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2023 to June 2024 were selected and divided into control group（45 cases）and study group（45 cases）by random number table method. The control group was given the conventional Western medicine treatment，and the study group was given the oral treatment of Xiaoxuming Decoction on the basis of the conventional group. The clinical efficacy，TCM syndrome scores，stroke scale and cognitive function score，laboratory indexes and adverse reactions were observed in two groups.

The total effective rate of treatment in the study group was higher than that in the conventional group（P<0.05）. After treatment，National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale（NIHSS）and Modified Rankin scale（mRS）scores，levels of serum tumor necrosis factor（TNF-α），pigment-derived factor（PEDF），proad-renomedullin（pro-ADM）and C-reactive protein（CRP），the expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB in the study group were lower than those of the control group（P<0.05）. After treatment，the scores of Mini-Mental State Examination（MMSE）and Montreal Cognitive Assessment（MoCA）in the study group were higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups（P>0.05）.

In the treatment of acute cerebral infarction complicated with SAP wind-phlegm blocking collateral syndrome，Xiaoxuming Decoction can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms，improve the cognitive function and inflammatory response，and protect the neurological function of patients by regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway，with high safety.