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Outline
To clarify the liver protective effect of Ginkgo flavone aglycone（GA）on rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）and its mechanism of action.
SD rats were fed with high-fat diet to establish an animal model of NAFLD. At the same time，GA（50 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg）was gavaged once a day for 8 weeks. The effect of GA on NAFLD rats was evaluated by methods such as HE staining，Western blot，lipid oxidation and endothelial injury detection. In vitro，HepG2 cells were induced by 500 μmol/L sodium oleate to establish an NAFLD cell model，and at the same time，GA（1.5 μg/mL or 3 μg/mL）was given for 48 hours. The effect of GA on hepatocytes was analyzed by methods such as oil red O staining，Western blot and triglyceride content determination.
At the animal in vivo level，GA can reduce the body weight and organ index of rats，reduce the contents of triglyceride（TG），total cholesterol（TC）and low-density lipoprotein（LDL），increase the content of high-density lipoprotein（HDL），and improve the disorder of liver lipid metabolism. At the same time，GA can reduce the contents of serum malondialdehyde（MDA），oxidized low-density lipoprotein（ox-LDL）and soluble lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1（sLOX-1），reduce the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS），inhibit the oxidative stress，and improve the vascular endothelial cell injury. HE staining showed that GA can reduce liver steatosis，inhibit aortic lipid deposition and thrombosis，and restore aortic lesions caused by lipid metabolism disorders. At the in vitro cellular level，GA can reduce the TG content in hepatocytes and improve the lipid accumulation induced by sodium oleate. Proteins extracted from the livers of rats and HepG2 cells induced by sodium oleate were detected. It is found that GA can improve the lipid metabolism disorders and reduce liver injury by down-regulating liver lipogenic proteins（SREBP-1C，FAS）and up-regulating the expressions of fatty acid oxidation proteins（PPARα，CPT1A）.
In high-fat-induced hepatocytes，GA may inhibit fat synthesis and promote fatty acid oxidation by down-regulating the expressions of SREBP-1C and FAS and up-regulating the expressions of PPARα and CPT1A，improve the lipid metabolism disorders，exert the antioxidant effects，protect the liver and vascular fatty degeneration damage，and has a potential role in treating NAFLD.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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