To investigate the dose-response effect of green elements and duration of green exercise on executive function among college students.

Using a mixed experimental design, 90 physically active college students were assigned to greener and less green environment exercise groups and 10-, 20-, and 30-minute exercise durations according to their physical activity level. All subjects completed a moderate-intensity two-legged jump-rope workout, during which heart rate was monitored using a Polar RS800. Inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility were tested before and after the exercise.

(1) The inhibitory control as well as working memory in the greener group was significantly better than that of less-green environment at the end of the exercise; (2) inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were significantly better in 20 versus 30 minutes condition than in 10 minutes, but 20 versus 30 minutes was not significant.

Green environments and long duration exercise are more conducive to improving executive function, but there is no significant synergistic effect of green environments and exercise duration.

To sinicize the Climate Change Health Protection Behavior Scale (CCHPB) for adolescents, and to explore the reliability and validity of the scale among Chinese adolescents.

The Chinese translation model of the scale was carried out with the help of Brislin’s translation model, and the structural validity of the scale was comprehensively evaluated by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.

The results showed that the internal consistency of the Chinese version of the CCHPB scale was excellent (α=0.923), and the Cronbach’s α coefficient of all dimensions of the scale was higher than 0.878, indicating that the Chinese version of the CCHPB scale had excellent reliability indicators. The results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis strongly confirmed the four-factor structure of the scale. In addition, all indicators in the adaptability of the confirmatory factor analysis model met the adaptation criteria, which clearly indicated that the scale had good structural validity.

The CCHPB scale can be used to evaluate the health protection behaviors of adolescents under possible climate change situations.

To evaluate the effect of exercise intervention on executive function in adult patients with depression.

Seven databases, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, China Knowledge (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and Wipro Journal Network (VIP), were searched to include randomized controlled trials from the time of database construction to July 2024. Stata 18.0 and Review Manager 5.4.1 software were used for statistical analysis.

A total of 7 papers with 497 subjects were included. Meta-analysis showed that exercise intervention significantly enhanced executive function (SMD=0.29, 95% CI［0.13, 0.44］), with inhibitory control (SMD=0.31, 95% CI［0.02, 0.60］), working memory (SMD=0.25, 95% CI［0.09, 0.40］) and cognitive flexibility (SMD=-0.33, 95% CI［-0.49, -0.17］) significantly improved (P<0.05). Subgroup analyses showed that the exercise intervention of low to moderate intensity, 30-60 minutes per session, lasting 12-16 weeks had the best effect on improvement of inhibitory control; the exercise intervention of high intensity, 30-60 minutes per session, lasting 3-8 weeks had the best effect on improvement of working memory and cognitive flexibility.

Exercise intervention can effectively enhance the executive function and its subdomains in patients with depression, and it is recommended to choose the appropriate exercise modality and dosage according to the actual situation of the patients in order to optimize the effect of the intervention.

To investigate the variations in the species composition and functional attributes of intestinal microbiota in individuals suffering from metabolic fatty liver disease in Tibetan regions, and to provide a research basis for the prevention and treatment of metabolic fatty liver disease in Tibetan population.

Based on the follow-up survey data of the Southwest region natural population in Lhasa, a total of 103 subjects were included for follow-up analysis according to the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of metabolic-associated (non-alcoholic) fatty liver disease (2024 edition). The demographic information, anthropometric indicators, blood biochemical indicators, and fecal samples were collected, and DNA was extracted for metagenomic sequencing analysis. The composition of intestinal flora in patients with metabolic fatty liver disease and healthy people was compared by bioinformatics methods. The metabolic pathways and their coding genes were analyzed by genome encyclopedia (KEGG) . Linear discriminant analysis was used to screen the differential flora, and Spearman rank correlation and linear regression were used to explore its relationship with related phenotypes.

The alpha diversity of patients with metabolic fatty liver was significantly reduced (W=858, P<0.001). The abundance of Bacteroidetes in the intestinal tract of patients with metabolic fatty liver was significantly lower than that of normal people (H=8.990, P=0.003). These include Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides ovatus, and the butyrate-producing Porphyromonas Phocaeicola salanitronis (LDA>3, P<0.050). Fusobacterium varium (LDA=2.16, P=0.024) was significantly enriched in MAFLD population and positively correlated with multiple disease phenotypes. Glucose and lipid metabolism-related pathways and KO genes were also significantly enriched in patients with metabolic fatty liver.

The intestinal microbiota and metabolic function of Tibetan patients with metabolic fatty liver disease are significantly changed, and the disruption of intestinal flora balance may also have a close association with the onset and progression of metabolic fatty liver disease among Tibetan patients.

To analyze the status and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screened by the recombinant mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein (EC) test in Henan Province, and to understand the willingness of LTBI individuals to accept preventive treatment, with the aim of providing data support for improving tuberculosis (TB) control strategies in Henan Province.

In 2023, the EC test was used to screen for LTBI and conduct preventive treatment among high-risk groups for TB (including school teachers and students, healthcare workers, close contacts, and HIV/AIDS patients) in counties participating in the Henan Province TB Care Action public welfare project. Excel 2019 and SPSS 21.0 software were used to analyze the data. Binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection.

A total of 4 818 subjects were included in the study, excluding those who had not been screened for latent infection due to other reasons such as screening contraindications. The positive rate of EC test was 4.42% (213/4 818). Four patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were found, and the detection rate was 83.02/100 000 (4/4 818). 204 people met the criteria for preventive treatment, 86 people received preventive treatment, the acceptance rate was 42.16% (86/204), the completion rate was 89.53%(77/86), among which the main reason for refusal was that they thought they would not get sick (77.97% (92/118)). Binary logistic regression model analysis results showed that with students as the control group, medical staff (OR=9.762，95% CI：3.441-27.697), close contact staff (OR=6.853, 95% CI：3.074-15.277), HIV/AIDS (OR=4.387, 95% CI：1.582-12.165) were risk factors for TB infection.

Healthcare workers, close contacts, and HIV/AIDS patients are the focus of LTBI screening. Additionally, enhancing the awareness of preventive treatment among individuals with latent infections is crucial to improving the acceptance rate of preventive treatment and advancing TB control efforts in Henan Province.

To investigate the effect of depressive symptoms on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and elderly people in China.

Based on the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011 and 2018, 9 697 middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 years or older were included as study subjects. Chained equations were used to perform g-formula analysis after multiple interpolation of missing values of covariates, and stratified analyses were performed to explore the association between depressive symptoms and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus with respect to age and gender.

The results of the analysis after multiple interpolation of covariates and adjustment for confounding showedthat the mean risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in study participants with depressive symptoms which was 1.3 times higher than that of those without depressive symptoms ［RR(95% CI):1.37(1.15-1.62)］, with a mean hazard difference of 0.02. Those with mild depressive symptoms had a mean risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus of 1.27 times higher than that of those without depressive symptoms ［RR(95% CI):1.27(1.07-1.52)］, with a mean difference of 0.01; those with severe depressive symptoms had a mean risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus that was 2.22 times higher than that of those who were not depressed ［RR(95% CI):2.22(1.64-3.00)］; the mean difference was 0.06.

Depressive symptoms and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged and elderly people in China. Associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, the risk of developing the disease increased with the severity of depressive symptoms.

To understand the aging trend and some characteristics of people living with HIV who first received antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Guizhou province from 2005 to 2022, and to provide reference for the development of follow-up management measures for the elderly population.

The baseline characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients receiving ART in Guizhou province from 2005 to 2022 were collected from the National HIV/AIDS Antiretroviral Treatment Information System. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the trends of baseline gender, age, transmission route, time from diagnosis to treatment initiation, and CD4+T lymphocyte (CD4+) level.

From 2005 to 2022, a total of 29 366 elderly patients (aged≥50 years) in Guizhou Province received ART treatment for the first time. The proportion of elderly men receiving ART showed a decreasing trend from 2007 to 2022 (APC=-1.30%, P<0.001). The proportion of elderly patients with married status and having a spouse decreased (APC=-2.44%, P<0.001). The proportion of elderly patients with infection through heterosexual transmission reached a turning point in 2007, and it showed a rapid upward trend from 2005 to 2007 (APC=264.70%, P<0.001). The proportion of elderly patients with a one-to-two-year time interval from diagnosis to starting treatment decreased from 2005 to 2007 (APC=-10.22%, P<0.001), and then showed an upward trend from 2007 to 2022 (APC=1.29%, P<0.001). The proportion of elderly patients with baseline CD4+ level≤200 showed a turning point in 2013 ［95% CI: 2008-2018］, and it decreased from 2005 to 2013 (APC=-8.11%, P<0.001).

From 2005 to 2022, the elderly patients who first received ART in Guizhou province were mainly male, married, heterosexual transmission, 1-2 years from diagnosis to treatment, and baseline CD4+ level ≤200, and the proportion of elderly patients was on the rise. Follow-up management strategies of ART should be developed for the elderly population to improve the quality of ART.

To analyze the disease characteristics, comorbidity patterns, and healthcare burden of hospitalized patients with hypertension and comorbidities, providing evidence for optimizing hypertension comorbidity management.

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 810 747 hospitalized patients with hypertension and comorbidities from all general hospitals in Zhanjiang, Guangdong, between 2016 and 2022. Systematic cluster analysis was used to generate a dendrogram and identify comorbidity patterns. Inter-group comparisons were performed to analyze hospitalization costs across different patterns.

From 2016 to 2022, the number of hospitalized hypertensive patients with comorbidities showed an overall increasing trend, with a higher and rising proportion of males. The age distribution shifted toward older populations, with patients aged ≥85 years increasing annually. The top five most common comorbidities were atherosclerotic heart disease, cerebral infarction, type 2 diabetes, lipoprotein metabolism disorders, and chronic gastritis. Cluster analysis identified eight comorbidity patterns: cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular-metabolic disease,hepatic-renal disease, spinal-digestive disease, cerebral ischemia, senile cataract, dizziness-vertigo, and stroke. The senile cataract group incurred the highest total hospitalization costs(4 705.6,P<0.001). Among multi-comorbidity patterns, the hepatorenal disease group exhibited the highest total hospitalization costs(4 527.8), and the cardiovascular disease group had significantly higher Western medication and material expenses (P<0.001).

Hospitalized hypertensive patients with comorbidities are increasing in number and age. Prevention efforts should prioritize cardiovascular, metabolic, and digestive comorbidities. Eight distinct comorbidity patterns were identified, with senile cataract and hepatic-renal disease patients representing key populations for cost containment.

To explore the impact of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and obesity indicators on the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among participants aged ≥60 years, so as to provide evidence for the early prevention of NAFLD.

A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 95 932 elderly individuals in 2022 in Nanjing. These individuals underwent questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the effects of the TyG and multiple obesity indicators on the risk of NAFLD, followed by the interaction analysis between TyG and each obesity indicator. The diagnostic value of the TyG and its combination with obesity indicators was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves.

In the study, the prevalence of NAFLD was 39.66%. After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression analysis showed that as the increase of TyG and obesity indicators, including BMI, Chinese visceral adiposity index, and lipid accumulation product, the risk of NAFLD in the elderly increased, with odds ratios of 1.86 (1.80-1.93), 3.69 (3.57-3.80), 3.66 (3.54-3.79), and 3.28 (3.17-3.39), respectively (P<0.001). Interaction analysis revealed that compared to low levels of both the TyG and obesity indicator, one variable at a high level or both at high levels increased the risk of NAFLD, indicating a synergistic effect. The diagnostic ability of the TyG combined with obesity indicators for NAFLD risk was higher than that of the TyG alone.

The risk of NAFLD in individuals aged ≥60 years increases with higher levels of the TyG and obesity indicators, and they have a combined effect on NAFLD risk. TyG combined with BMI may be a simple and efficient tool for the early screening of NAFLD in elderly people.

To analyze the burden of spinal injuries and its changing trends in China from 1990 to 2021, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention of spinal injuries.

Using the GBD 2021 database, indicators such as incidence, prevalence, and Years Lived with Disability (YLD) were extracted to describe the changes in the burden of spinal injuries in China. Data visualization was performed using the R language, the Joinpoint model was used to analyze the temporal trends of disease burden, the APC model was used to estimate age, period, and cohort effects, and the BAPC model was used to predict the standardized incidence rate of spinal injuries from 2022 to 2040.

Compared to 1990, the YLD rate and standardized YLD rate of spinal injuries in China showed a decline in 2021, while other indicators increased; the disease burden increased with age, with males having a higher burden than females; falls were the main cause of the disease burden; the average annual percentage change in standardized incidence rate, standardized prevalence rate, and standardized YLD rate from 1990 to 2021 was 0.007%, 0.156%, and -0.344%, respectively; the age-period-cohort model showed that the incidence rate increased with age, fluctuated upwards with time, and fluctuated downwards with the birth cohort; the prediction model indicated that the standardized incidence rate of spinal injuries will show a declining trend from 2022 to 2040.

The burden of spinal injuries in China from 1990 to 2021 showed an upward trend, with gender and age differences, falls being the main cause, and the elderly and males being the key burden groups; effective measures should be taken for intervention.