To analyze the quality of life (QOL) and its related factors among residents, and to explore the contribution of each factors to QOL by Shapley method, so as to provide references for health policy making.

Questionnaire survey was conducted in 5 cities of Hubei Province from July to August 2021 by stratified random sampling to measure the QOL of 1 387 residents according to SF-12 scale, multivariate regression model and Shapley decomposition method were applied to analyze the influencing factors and its contribution to QOL.

The scores of residents’ physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) were 71.04±17.43 and 75.70±12.51 respectively. Age≥60 (β=-6.073), employment status (retirement (β=-12.752), unemployed (β=-7.292)), annual income (50 000-100 000 Yuan (β=3.516), >100 000 Yuan (β=6.169)), no chronic disease history (β=9.202), and no physical exercise (β=-3.182) had significant effects on PCS (P<0.05), whereas married (β=2.106), employment status (retirement (β=-6.788),unemployed (β=-5.174)), personal annual income >100 000 Yuan (β=3.842), without medical insurance (β=-4.455), no chronic disease history (β=3.450) and no physical exercise (β=-2.056) had significant effects on MCS (P<0.05). Shapley decomposition results showed that employment, chronic medical history and income were the main influencing factors of residents’ quality of life. The variables contributing to PCS were chronic disease history (32%), age (25%), employment status (24%)，income (12%) and weekly exercise (7%). The factors mainly contributing to MCS were employment status (35%), chronic disease history (21%), income (18%), weekly exercise (12%).

The overall quality of life of residents in survey areas of Hubei is good. Employment status, chronic disease history, income and weekly exercise are main influencing factors of residents’ quality of life. Increasing income levels, strengthening chronic disease management, and improving health behaviors may improve residents’ quality of life.