To investigate the association between the atherogenic index of plasma(AIP) and the risk of kidney stones in the Chinese population undergoing health examinations, providing evidence-based support for risk stratification and precise prevention and control.

Using cross-sectional data from 88 001 healthy individuals who underwent health examinations at Yangzhou University Affiliated Hospital in 2022, we analyzed the association between AIP and the risk of kidney stones using a multivariable logistic regression model. We also explored the nonlinear relationship using restricted cubic splines and threshold saturation effect models. The robustness of the results was assessed through sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and E-value assessment.

A total of 88 001 participants with complete data were included in this study. The overall prevalence of kidney stones was 6.82%, and the prevalence of kidney stones increased with increasing AIP (P<0.001).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for relevant confounding factors, the highest AIP group had 29% higher odds of kidney stones than the lowest AIP group (OR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.17-1.42; P<0.001). AIP exhibited a nonlinear association with kidney stone risk, with a significant increase in risk when AIP<0.27 (OR=1.89; 95% CI: 1.62-2.19; P<0.001), while the trend of increased risk slowed when AIP≥0.27 (OR=1.23; 95% CI: 1.10-1.37; P<0.001). Stratified analysis revealed that the association between AIP and the risk of kidney stones was more pronounced in subgroups of participants aged ≥60 years, men, and those with diabetes and hypertension. Sensitivity analyses and interaction tests indicated that the positive correlation between AIP and kidney stone risk was stable and consistent across the population (all P>0.05).

This study suggests that AIP is associated with an increased risk of kidney stones. AIP may serve as a practical biomarker for assessing kidney stone risk, particularly guiding early interventions such as lipid control and improving insulin resistance. Future prospective studies are needed to validate its causal mechanisms and threshold intervention effects.

To investigate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its determinants among adults aged 18-69 in three Chinese provinces, providing evidence for targeted health management strategies.

Based on the salt reduction action study conducted from 2022 to 2023 in three provinces of China, a total of 1 440 permanent residents aged 18-69 years were selected as survey participants through multi-stage random sampling. The Five-level EuroQoL five-dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) was used to assess health-related quality of life. Tobit regression and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression were employed to analyze factors influencing the utility scores.

This study included a total of 1 426 participants. The health utility value was 1.00 (-0.20, 1.00), and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was 88 (80, 94), indicating a generally favorable health status. The Tobit regression analysis revealed that age ≥45 years (β=-0.044, 95% CI: -0.080~-0.009), junior high school education (β=0.045, 95% CI: 0.009-0.081), high school education or above (β=0.095, 95% CI: 0.049-0.141), comorbidities (β=-0.125, 95% CI: -0.187~-0.063), salt intake of 5~<10 g (β=-0.067, 95% CI: -0.114~-0.020), and salt intake ≥10 g (β=-0.085,95% CI: -0.133~-0.038) were significant determinants of health utility values (P<0.05). The OLS regression analysis indicated that age ≥45 years (β=-2.227, 95% CI: -3.601~-0.853), high school education or above (β=2.273, 95% CI: 0.561~3.985),medication use (β=-3.716, 95% CI: -5.833~-1.600), presence of cardiometabolic diseases (β=-1.960, 95% CI: -3.557~-0.363), comorbidities (β=-4.686, 95% CI: -7.514~-1.859), and salt intake of 5~<10g (β=-1.656, 95% CI: -3.290~-0.022)significantly influenced VAS scores (P<0.05).

The overall HRQoL among the study participants was generally favorable. However, HRQoL was significantly reduced in individuals with cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Hence, greater emphasis should be placed on the prevention and management of multimorbidity in health administration. Additionally, more attention is needed for residents who are of advanced age, have lower educational attainment, or consume excessive amounts of salt.

To identify the long-term trajectories of body mass index (BMI) among Chinese adults and analyze their influencing factors, providing a scientific basis for developing precision weight management strategies.

Using longitudinal data from seven waves (2010—2022) of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we included 6 134 adults aged ≥18 years. We used the group-based trajectory model (GBTM) to fit BMI change trajectories and multinomial logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors of each trajectory group.

The GBTM identified four distinct BMI trajectories: stable normal weight (25.29%), progressive overweight (39.73%), persistent overweight (27.47%), and fluctuating obesity (7.52%).Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that age 30-44 (RRR=1.476, 95% CI: 1.205-1.807) and 45-59 (RRR=1.478,95% CI: 1.199-1.822), urban residence (RRR=1.252, 95% CI: 1.086-1.443), and physical exercise (RRR=1.292, 95% CI:1.101-1.517) were risk factors for the progressive overweight group, while self-rated unhealthy (RRR=0.593, 95% CI: 0.480-0.733) was a protective factor for this group. For the persistent overweight group, male (RRR=1.202, 95% CI: 1.032-1.401), age 30-44 (RRR=1.649, 95% CI: 1.315-2.067) and 45-59 (RRR=1.527, 95% CI: 1.209-1.929), urban residence (RRR=1.361,95% CI: 1.167-1.587), being married (RRR=1.634, 95% CI: 1.273-2.098), high household income per capita (RRR=1.346,95% CI: 1.113-1.628), physical exercise (RRR=1.359, 95% CI: 1.144-1.614), and having chronic disease(s) (RRR=1.317, 95% CI: 1.059-1.638) were risk factors, whereas self-rated unhealthy (RRR=0.670, 95% CI: 0.532-0.843) was a protective factor.Risk factors for the fluctuating obesity group included urban residence (RRR=1.861, 95% CI: 1.481-2.339), being married(RRR=1.671, 95% CI: 1.136-2.458), alcohol consumption (RRR=1.467, 95% CI: 1.095-1.966), physical exercise (RRR=1.316, 95% CI: 1.024-1.691), and having chronic disease(s) (RRR=1.837, 95% CI: 1.359-2.483).

Chinese adults exhibit significant heterogeneity in BMI trajectories, necessitating focused interventions for the progressive overweight and persistent overweight groups, with targeted strategies for high-risk populations including urban residents, married individuals, physically active adults, middle-aged groups, and chronic disease patients.

To analyze the incidence trend of viral hepatitis in China from 2006 to 2020 and predict future trends, so as to provide evidence and reference for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis in China.

Based on viral hepatitis surveillance data in China from the Public Health Science Data Center between 2006 and 2020, joinpoint regression analysis was used to examine trends in incidence rates. An age-period-cohort model was applied to assess age, period, and birth cohort effects. A Bayesian age-period-cohort model was employed to predict incidence trends from 2021 to 2030.

The overall incidence of viral hepatitis in China showed a significant decreasing trend from 2006 to 2020 (AAPC=-1.63%, P<0.001).Specifically, the incidence of hepatitis A (AAPC=-11.16%) and hepatitis B (AAPC=-2.12%) continued to decline, while hepatitis C exhibited an initial increase followed by stabilization (AAPC=7.04%), and hepatitis E showed fluctuating trends(AAPC=-0.32%). The age-period-cohort analysis revealed a bimodal age distribution for hepatitis B, with the first peak in the 0-4 age group (314.34 per 100 000) and a secondary peak in the 20-24 age group (255.68 per 100 000). The risk of hepatitis C increased with age, reaching a peak in the 75-79 age group (48.17 per 100 000). Period effects indicated that the relative risks(RR) for all types of hepatitis were below 1 during 2016—2020, with the overall RR for viral hepatitis decreasing to 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77-0.86), hepatitis A to 0.64 (95% CI: 0.62-0.67), hepatitis B to 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78-0.89), hepatitis C to 0.91 (95% CI:0.88-0.95), and hepatitis E to 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84-0.92). Birth cohort analysis identified that the highest risk of hepatitis B occurred in the 1931—1935 birth cohort (RR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.15-2.72), while hepatitis C risk was highest in the 1976—1980 birth cohort (RR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.21-1.39). The Bayesian age-period-cohort model predicted that the incidence of viral hepatitis in China would reach 48.25 per 100 000 by 2030, with hepatitis B (42.45 per 100 000) and hepatitis C (5.40 per 100 000) remaining the major burdens.

Significant progress has been made in the prevention and control of viral hepatitis in China. However, hepatitis B and hepatitis C continue to pose major challenges. Future efforts should focus on achieving universal hepatitis B vaccination for newborns, promoting active screening for hepatitis C among the elderly, and implementing multidimensional collaborative prevention and control strategies.

To retrospectively analyze the survival status of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients infected with tuberoulosis (TB) in Baise City from 2005 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for better prevention and control of HIV-tuberoulosis (HIV-TB) dual infection.

A retrospective dynamic cohort study was used to download the historical database in the AIDS comprehensive prevention and control information system. HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed from 2005 to 2019 were selected. According to the conditions of gender, age of enrollment,time of diagnosis of AIDS, route of infection, whether to receive antiviral therapy and first CD4⁺ count, the double infected patients diagnosed with tuberculosis infection were selected as the HIV-TB group, and the non-tuberculosis infected HIV/AIDS patients were matched according to the matching condition of 1:1 ratio as the HIV/AIDS group. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve, the life table method was used to estimate the cumulative survival rate, and the time-dependent Cox regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of survival.

A total of 1 188 cases were enrolled in the observation cohort, with 594 cases in the HIV-TB group and 594 cases in the HIV/AIDS group. There were 251 and 183 deaths in HIV-TB group and HIV/AIDS group, respectively. The mortality rates were 42.26% and 30.81%,respectively. The median follow-up time was 108 (IQR: 70-150) months and 106 (IQR: 67-147) months, respectively. The median survival time was 130 (95% CI: 108.283-152.411) months and >180 months, respectively. The 1-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year cumulative survival rates were 89.23%, 72.87%, 53.29%, 40.65% and 91.08%, 80.60%, 65.44%, 56.40%, respectively. The results of multivariate time-dependent Cox regression model analysis showed that the risk of death in HIV-TB group was 1.391 times higher than that in HIV/AIDS group (95% CI: 1.115-1.735). Among males (HR=1.394, 95% CI: 1.105-1.758), participants aged <45 years (HR=1.411, 95% CI: 1.020-1.951), farmers (HR=1.557, 95% CI: 1.198-2.024), those with junior high school education or below (HR=1.426, 95% CI: 1.130-1.799), those not receiving antiviral therapy (HR=2.004, 95% CI: 1.267-3.169), and those with a first CD4⁺ count <200 cells/μL (HR=1.480, 95% CI: 1.137-1.926), HIV-TB patients had a higher risk of death than HIV/AIDS patients.

Compared with HIV/AIDS patients, the survival time of HIV-TB patients is significantly shorter, especially those who are male, younger, with low education level, without receiving antiviral therapy and with low immune level. It is necessary to carry out targeted publicity and education, strengthen health monitoring and management of high-risk groups, achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment, reduce the risk of death of HIV-TB co-infected patients, and improve the survival time of HIV-TB co-infected patients.

To analyze the change of disease burden of liver cancer caused by several major etiologies in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 1990 to 2021.

Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021(GBD2021) study for the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were collected and analyzed. Using the Joinpoint software, the annual percent change(APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) corresponding to the incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and other factors were calculated.

From 1990 to 2021, the AAPC of liver cancer incidence rates caused by HBV, HCV, alcohol, NASH and other factors in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was 3.41%, 4.58%, 5.01%, 5.14% and 2.99%, respectively (all P values <0.05). The AAPC of liver cancer mortality rates caused by these etiologies was 2.79%, 4.26%, 4.51%, 4.82%, and 2.57%, respectively (all P values <0.05).

From 1990 to 2021, the standardized incidence rate and standardized mortality rate of liver cancer have shown a downward trend, indicating that the prevention and control efforts have achieved initial success. HBV and HCV infections remain the major causes of severe liver cancer burden in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In future, more targeted prevention and control strategies should be developed based on viral infections.

To investigate the association between peripheral blood inflammatory markers and carotid atherosclerotic plaque in an elderly population.

A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 6 569 participants from the West China Elderly Cohort who met inclusion criteria between May 2022 and November 2023. Unconditional Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between inflammatory markers and carotid atherosclerotic plaque, with stratified and interaction analyses conducted for further insights. Multinomial Logistic regression was applied to explore the associations between inflammatory markers and the severity of carotid atherosclerotic plaques (single/multiple).

Unconditional Logistic regression revealed significant associations between plaque formation risk and white blood cell count (OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.03-1.10, P<0.001), neutrophils count (OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11, P=0.002), monocytes (OR=2.95, 95% CI: 2.02-4.32, P<0.001), and SIRI (OR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.22, P<0.001). Stratified analysis identified platelets as significantly associated with plaque formation in elderly individuals with diabetes, with a multiplicative interaction observed (P=0.023).Multinomial Logistic regression revealed that monocytes were specifically associated with the risk of single plaques (OR=2.14,95% CI: 1.33-3.43, P=0.002), whereas white blood cells, neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR),systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) were linked to the risk of multiple plaques (P<0.05).

Peripheral blood inflammatory markers are closely related to the formation and severity of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in the elderly, providing valuable insights for assessing carotid atherosclerosis risk.

To investigate the correlation between daily dietary diversity and nutritional status among community-dwelling older adults.

Data were collected from April to October 2024 from 4 578 elderly individuals (aged≥60 years)in the four towns of Jiading District, Shanghai, employing a multistage cluster random sampling approach. A Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) was constructed based on nine food groups: cereals, vegetables, fruits, livestock meat, fish/shrimp, eggs, milk/dairy products, legumes/legume products, and oils/fats. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).Ordinal logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationship between DDS and nutritional status, as well as the impact of specific food group intake on nutritional status.

The malnourished group exhibited characteristics including older age (63.46%), primary school education or less (69.23%), non-married status (51.92%), and underweight status (25.00%).DDS was a protective factor for nutritional status in older adults (OR=1.986, 95% CI:1.649-2.392, P<0.001). The well-nourished group reported significantly higher intake frequencies than the malnourished group for fruits (χ²=50.507, P<0.001),vegetables (χ²=17.496, P<0.001), legumes (χ²=20.340, P<0.001), milk/dairy products (χ²=50.472, P<0.001), eggs (χ²=81.994,P<0.001), fish/seafood (χ²=9.825, P=0.007), and meat (χ²=52.414, P<0.001). Intake of fruits, legumes, milk/dairy products,eggs, and meat significantly increased the probability of improved nutritional status (P<0.05). The effect sizes were most pronounced for meat (OR=1.170, 95% CI: 1.470-2.718) and eggs (OR=1.123, 95% CI:1.499-2.358).

Promoting dietary diversity among community-dwelling older adults may help mitigate the risk of deteriorating nutritional status.

To investigate the contamination status of foods in and around schools in Nanjing and to assess the health risks of different contaminants, so as to provide scientific evidence for ensuring school food safety and strengthening supervision.

From 2020 to 2024, 458 samples of foods from in and around campuses, covering four categories, were collected and tested, based on the occurrence of additives and acrylamide in diverse food. Health-based guidance values and benchmark doses were used to construct a risk-ranking matrix that incorporated contaminant toxicity characteristics and population food consumption patterns to evaluate health risks.

The results of the analysis showed that the overall exceeding standard rate of pollutants for food in and around the campuses in Nanjing was 4.59%. The issue of acrylamide and aluminum-containing additives in puffed food was serious particularly, with the exceeding standard rate of acrylamide and aluminum-containing additives reaching an alarming 10.6% and 4.3%, respectively, and the exceeding standard rates of sorbic acid and sodium cyclamate in prepared beverages were both 1.59%.

Risk ranking results indicated that aluminum-containing additives and acrylamide in puffed foods, as well as sodium cyclamate in freshly prepared beverages, posed elevated health risks. Particular attention should be paid to health risks in puffed foods and prepared beverages especially among populations with high and frequent consumption of these foods. The findings provide a scientific foundation for identifying potential hazards and regulatory priority of food safety in food around schools.