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To explore the alterations in gut microbiota following the oral administration of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) in vanadium-exposed mice, providing new insights into the mechanisms of vanadium toxicity and its prevention and treatment.
Male C57BL/6J mice were used as subjects and randomly divided into a control group, a model group, and three PPE dosage groups, with 10 mice in each group. Mice were administered sodium metavanadate solution via intraperitoneal injection (3 mg/kg, once every 2 days) for modeling, and PPE was injected intraperitoneally at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg every 2 days. The control group received physiological saline. At the end of 12 weeks, fecal samples were collected to extract gut bacterial genomic DNA for amplification and sequencing of the 16S rDNA. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and the SNK (Student-Newman-Keuls) test.
Long-term vanadium exposure resulted in a decrease in gut bacterial abundance, with a reduction in OTU numbers (P < 0.05).The α-diversity indices, including Shannon, Simpson, ACE, and Chao1, significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The β-diversity analysis, represented by PCoA and NMDS plots, showed significant differentiation. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Akkermansiaceae significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae significantly decreased (P < 0.05).However, low and medium doses of PPE were able to partially restore the reduction in gut microbiota abundance and diversity caused by vanadium exposure (P < 0.05), bringing the abundance of affected characteristic bacterial groups back to normal levels (P < 0.05).
Vanadium exposure leads to a decrease in the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in mice, while low and medium doses of PPE intervention can effectively improve the gut microbiota disorder induced by vanadium exposure.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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