Latest ArticlesWei Qi theory is one of the important fundamental theories in traditional Chinese medicine（TCM），originating from Neijing and continuously elaborated by later medical practitioners，which plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment. This article provided a systematic review of the generation，characteristics，functions and operational laws of Wei Qi，basing on which，summarized the modern research progress on the material basis of Wei Qi. The research has shown that there is a certain correlation of the function，distribution，or operational rhythm of Wei Qi and the immune system，nervous system，mitochondria and ointment fat lipids，etc.，but none of them can fully cover the theoretical content of Wei Qi. Future research should explore the potential material foundations of Wei Qi through dialogue with the modern medical system and interdisciplinary collaboration from a holistic perspective，Meanwhile，the attention should be paid to eliminating falsehood and preserving the truth，innovating in inheritance，and realizing the creative research and development mode of Wei Qi theory，providing ideas and references for promoting the modernization process of TCM.
To study the optimal fermentation conditions of Enterobacter albieri and Cordyceps pupae for Shenling Baizhu Powder（参苓白术散），and evaluate the safety and efficacy of the fermentation solution on alcoholic gastric injury at cell level.
In this experiment，the contents of functional components in fermentation broth of the modified formula of Shenling Baizhu Powder after fermentation under different conditions were measured and comprehensively evaluated. The alcoholic gastric injury model of GES-1 cells was established after 24 h of alcohol intervention. The intervention effects of water extract（0.938 mg/g）and fermentation broth of the modified formula of Shenling Baizhu Powder at low，medium and high doses（0.469 mg/g，0.938 mg/g，1.876 mg/g）on basic apoptosis of GES-1 cells were investigated.
The optimal fermentation process of Enterobacter asburiae for Shenling Baizhu Powder was pH value 5，inoculation amount 1% and fermentation time1 day. The optimal fermentation process of Shenling Baizhu Powder was pH 6，inoculation amount 3% and fermentation time 3 days. The best inoculation sequence for multistrain fermentation was to vaccinate Enterobacter asburiae first. The contents of ginsenoside Re，hesperidin，total flavonoids and total polysaccharides were significantly increased under the optimal fermentation process. The fermentation solution of Shenling Baizhu Powder improved GES-1 cells at 48 h，and the fermentation solution of medium and high dose groups could reduce the total apoptosis rate of GES-1 cells.
After fermentation，the composition of the modified formula of Shenling Baizhu Powder had a great influence，the content changed obviously and the fermentation process was feasible. It had a proliferation effect on GES-1 cells，and at the same time it could reduce the overall apoptosis rate of GES-1 cells.
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Simo Decoction Oral Liquid（四磨汤口服液）in the treatment of functional bloating（FB）.
Sixty cases of FB patients included in four hospitals from March 2022 to May 2023 were randomly divided into two groups，30 cases in the treatment group were given oral administration of Simo Decoction Oral Liquid，and the other 30 cases in the control group were treated with Simo Decoction Oral Liquid simulant for a period of 8 weeks. The response rate of visual analogue scale（VAS），gastrointestinal symptoms rating scales（GSRS），each individual symptom score，overall disease effectiveness rate，hospital anxiety and depression scale（HAD）score and adverse reactions were observed in the two groups.
The bloat VASresponse rate［Full Analysis Set（FAS）：80.00%；Per Protocol Set（PPS）：82.10%］and GSRSeffective rate（FAS：96.67%；PPS：96.40%）in the treatment group were higher than those of the control group［the bloat VASresponse rate（FAS：23.33%；PPS：24.1%）and GSRSeffective rate（FAS：86.67%；PPS：86.20%），and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The change value of abdominal distension VASscore in the treatment group（FAS：-4.37±2.08；PPS：-4.27±2.07）was greater than that in the control group（FAS：-1.34±1.32；PPS：-1.34±1.32），and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The GSRSscores and change values of the treatment group before and after treatment，the scores and change values of each single symptom of FB（severity and frequency of episodes of bowel sounds，bowel irregularity，bloating，nausea，and flatulences），the effective rate of overall evaluation of the disease，as well as the change values of the anxiety of the HAD scores（FAS and PPS）were better than those of the control group，and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. No adverse reactions related to the study drug occurred in either group.
Simo Decoction Oral Liquid can improve the symptoms of abdominal distension and other symptoms of FB patients，the efficacy is exact，and the medication is safe. At the same time，to a certain extent，it can relieve the patient's anxiety and depression，and improve the patient's quality of life.
To establish the TCM syndrome differentiation model of cancer pain based on artificial intelligence，so as to provide basis for the development of TCM syndrome differentiation of cancer pain.
The TCM medical record data of cancer pain was collected from CNKI，VIPChinese Science and Technology periodical Database，Wanfang database，China Biology Medicine disc，and Ancient and Modern Medical Record Cloud Platform from the embellishment time up to September 2023. Machine learning algorithms，such as linear support vector classification（LSVC），nearest centroid（NC），multinomial Na？ve Bayes（MNB），random forest（RF），stochastic gradient descent（SGD）and multilayer perceptron（MLP）were used to quantitatively analyze the data set，and the syndrome differentiation model of cancer pain was established. The model was evaluated by 5-fold cross validation. The evaluation indexes included Accuracy，Precision，Recall，F1 score and AUC value.
There were 72 input variables and 6 output variables for TCM syndromes of cancer pain. The Accuracy，Precision，Recall and F1 score of the six models were all above 0.89，and the AUCvalue was above 0.94. Among them，the Accuracy，Precision and Recall of the nearest centroid model were the highest. The Accuracy，precision，recall and F1 score were 0.978，0.980，0.978 and 0.977，respectively，and the AUCvalue was 0.986，which was higher than other algorithm models. The TCM interpretation of the parameters basically accorded with the principle of TCM diagnosis.
The TCM syndrome differentiation model of cancer pain based on the nearest centroid algorithm model has high diagnosis and prediction ability，which can provide reference for clinical workers to carry out TCM intelligent syndrome differentiation of cancer pain.
Information extraction is an important means of natural language processing. Based on the natural language processing ability of ChatGPT，this paper extracted the symptom information from traditional Chinese medicine electronic medical records in rheumatism department through ChatGPT.
Through the small sample learning based on ChatGPT large model，the information extraction and standardization of chief complaint and present medical history，specialist examination and tongue and pulse data in rheumatic electronic medical records were realized. At the same time，a large model ChatGLM was selected for the same small sample learning as ChatGPT，the same information extraction task was completed and the accuracy of the extraction results of the two large models was compared.
Aiming at the problem of medical named entity recognition，the accuracy of ChatGPT after small sample learning reached 98.7% in chief complaint symptom extraction task，92% in specialist examination and extraction task，and 98% in tongue and pulse image extraction and standardization task. The correct rates of ChatGLM on the same three tasks were 85.7%，91% and 98% respectively. From the extraction results，the two large models had different defects in the extraction task，but on the whole，ChatGPT performed better.
This paper realized the TCM symptom information preprocessing based on ChatGPT small sample learning，which was more convenient and efficient than the traditional model，and performed better than ChatGLM as a whole，which provided a new idea for TCM clinical text information extraction research.
Tengligen（Actinidiae Chinensis Radix）is the dried root of Zhonghua Mihoutao（Actinidia chinensis Planch.），a plant of Actinidia genus in Actinidiaceae. It is a traditional Chinese herb with extensive medicinal values. Tengligen（Actinidiae Chinensis Radix）contains various active ingredients，178 species have been identified，and their structural types are diverse，including triterpenoids，phenylpropanoids，flavonoids，steroids，anthraquinones and alkaloids，with triterpenoids as its main components（75 species）. These ingredients have various pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor，liver protection，anti-inflammatory，antiviral，anti-angiogenic，and anti-mutagenic effects. This article provided a review of the current research on the chemical components and pharmacological effects of Tengligen（Actinidiae Chinensis Radix），in order to provide reference for the in-depth research and clinical application.
To carry out the rapid and nondestructive identification of Dihuang（Rehmannia glutinosa）of different origins.
The infrared absorption spectrum of a total of 166 batches of Dihuang（Rehmannia glutinosa）in 16 counties and districts in four provinces was collected for differential analysis，and the results of the analysis were verified by high performance liquid chromatography.
The infrared spectra of the 166 samples were basically similar in peak shape，with the same absorption at 2928，1643，1419，1353，1238，1145，1053，925，799，700～543 cm-1. The differences between samples from the three sites in Henan Province were mainly at 1519～1494 cm-1. The differences between samples from different sites in Hebei Province were mainly at 1571 and 1020 cm-1. The differences between samples from different sites in Shanxi Province were mainly at 1790～1642，1440，1030 cm-1. Then among the differences between provinces，Shandong Province was significantly different from other provinces mainly at 1796，1718，1640，1606～1567，1492，1453，1277，1024 cm-1. Among of them，the main characteristic component in the band of 1640～1439 cm-1 was catalpol，and the strong absorption peak at 1052 cm-1 was C-O bond stretching vibration absorption in the structure of pistil side.
Infrared spectroscopy combined with HPLCcan provide ideas for the rapid and non-destructive identification of different origins of Dihuang（Rehmannia glutinosa）.
As a common and frequently-occurring gynecological disease，endometriosis（EM）is an important cause of chronic pelvic pain and infertility in women，which seriously troubles many women of childbearing age. Because of its unknown etiology，extensive lesions，extremely invasive and easy to relapse characteristics，EM is also an intractable disease. More and more research evidence in recent years has shown that the intestinal microbiota，female reproductive tract microbiota and peritoneal microbiota of EM patients are significantly different from those of healthy women，indicating that there is a close correlation between the etiology of EM and the disorder of the microbiome in vivo. It is suggested that the microbiota may affect the occurrence and progression of EM through immune-inflammatory pathways and metabolic pathways（enhanced estrogen metabolism，abnormal lipid metabolism，etc.）. To date，studies on EM-related microbiotm have found some possible specific strains，which are expected to be biomarkers for early non-invasive diagnosis of EM. At the same time，dietary intervention，supplementation with probiotics or prebiotics and microbial transplantation can help to prevent and alleviate EM symptoms and provide potential treatments. Studies showed that there was a potential relationship between the cold-heat nature of TCMs and its modulation effects on gut microbiota. The TCM and its compounds which can promote blood circulation and removing blood stasis have obvious effects on modulating gut microbiota structure and protecting intestinal barrier function. In this paper，it reviewed the current research progress of microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of EM，and looked forward to the potential treatment of EM through microbial approach in the future.
To explore the characteristics of tongue in patients with coronary heart disease（CHD）and phlegmblood stasis syndrome，and to analyze the changes in the tongue image.
A total of 210 patients with stable angina pectoris（also known as effort angina）in the Cardiology Department of Liaoning Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 2020 to November 2021 were included in this study. The patients were divided into phlegm-blood stasis syndrome group and non-phlegm-blood stasis syndrome group. According to the WHO（World Health Organization）age classification standard，the phlegm-blood stasis syndrome group was divided into middle age group（27 cases），young elderly group（40 cases）and old elderly group（17 cases）. The tongue features such as HSV（Hue，Saturation，Value）and RGB（Red，Green，Blue）parameters were analyzed in patients with phlegm-blood stasis syndrome in different age groups to explore the age-related changes in the tongue image.
There were significant differences in the distribution of tongue color，texture and shape between the phlegm-blood stasis syndrome group and non-phlegm-blood stasis syndrome group. In terms of tongue color，the middle age group had more red tongues，while the young elderly group had more light purple tongues，and the old elderly group had more dark red and purple tongues（P<0.05）. In terms of texture features，the middle age group had a smaller H value in the tip of the tongue compared to the young elderly group and old elderly group（P<0.05），while the middle age group had a higher V value in the tip of the tongue compared to the other two groups（P<0.05）. The old elderly group had a higher Svalue in the left，right and middle parts of the tongue compared to the middle age group and young elderly group（P<0.05），while the old elderly group had a lower V value in the left，right and middle parts of the tongue compared to the middle age group and young elderly group（P<0.05）. The old elderly group had a higher R+B/R+G+B value in the left，right and middle parts of the tongue compared to the other two groups. In terms of shape features，the middle age group had more plump and tooth imprint tongues，while the old elderly group had more thin tongues with cracks，old tongues and tender tongues（P<0.05）. In terms of fur features，the middle age group had more white furry fur like tofu covered on their tongues，while the old elderly group had more light yellow sticky fur like egg yolk covered on their tongues，with a gradually decreasing proportion of greasy fur，with the lowest proportion of greasy fur in the old elderly group（P<0.05）. The middle age group had a higher V value in the left，right and middle parts of their tongues compared to the young elderly group and old elderly group（P<0.05），while the old elderly group had a higher Svalue in the left，right and middle parts of their tongues compared to the middle age group and young elderly group（P<0.05），with lower V values at the root of their tongues compared to the other two groups（P<0.05）. The old elderly group had a higher R+G/R+G+B value in the middle and root parts of their tongues compared to the other two groups.
1. The middle age group is prone to phlegm-heat transformation.2. With aging，blood stasis gradually increases.3. The old elderly group is prone to phlegm-blood stasis syndrome causing damage to Yin fluids.4. The old elderly group is prone to deficiencyexcess coexistence.
Zhujieshen（Panax japonicus）is a national key second-class protected wild plant with the characteristics of both the northern medicine Renshen（Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma）and the southern medicine Sanqi（Notoginseng Radix Et Rhizoma）. Zhuzishen（Panax japonicus var. major），as one of the “Taibai Seven Medicines” with Qinba characteristics，is a wild and precious herb with good efficacy and high price for both medicine and food. However，current studies on Zhujieshen（Panax japonicus）and Zhuzishen（Panax japonicus var. major）mainly focus on medicinal parts，thus ignoring the medicinal value of the above ground parts，resulting in a waste of resources. The above-ground parts of Zhuzishen（Panax japonicus var. major）contain saponins，flavonoids，volatile oils and other chemical components，which have pharmacological activities such as anti-thrombus，anti-cancer，liver protection，anti-inflammatory，analgesic and immunity enhancement，and have broad development prospects. By searching Chinese herbal medicine books and scientific databases such as CNKI，Web of Science，Pub Med，China Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Chinese Herbal Medicine Plant Network，this paper combed and summarized the chemical composition，pharmacological action and resources exploitation and utilization of non-medicinal parts Zhujieshen（Panax japonicus）and Zhuzishen（Panax japonicus var. major），aiming to provide reference and basis for chemical research，resource value discovery，product development and utilization of non-medicinal parts of Zhujieshen（Panax japonicus）and Zhuzishen（Panax japonicus var. major）.
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