As a common and frequently-occurring gynecological disease，endometriosis（EM）is an important cause of chronic pelvic pain and infertility in women，which seriously troubles many women of childbearing age. Because of its unknown etiology，extensive lesions，extremely invasive and easy to relapse characteristics，EM is also an intractable disease. More and more research evidence in recent years has shown that the intestinal microbiota，female reproductive tract microbiota and peritoneal microbiota of EM patients are significantly different from those of healthy women，indicating that there is a close correlation between the etiology of EM and the disorder of the microbiome in vivo. It is suggested that the microbiota may affect the occurrence and progression of EM through immune-inflammatory pathways and metabolic pathways（enhanced estrogen metabolism，abnormal lipid metabolism，etc.）. To date，studies on EM-related microbiotm have found some possible specific strains，which are expected to be biomarkers for early non-invasive diagnosis of EM. At the same time，dietary intervention，supplementation with probiotics or prebiotics and microbial transplantation can help to prevent and alleviate EM symptoms and provide potential treatments. Studies showed that there was a potential relationship between the cold-heat nature of TCMs and its modulation effects on gut microbiota. The TCM and its compounds which can promote blood circulation and removing blood stasis have obvious effects on modulating gut microbiota structure and protecting intestinal barrier function. In this paper，it reviewed the current research progress of microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of EM，and looked forward to the potential treatment of EM through microbial approach in the future.