As a traditional Chinese medicine, Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) has a long medicinal history and has pharmacological effects such as relieving heat and sweating, anti-inflammation and relieving asthma, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, anti-coagulation, lowering blood glucose and lipids, anti-allergy, promoting urination, regulating blood pressure, etc. Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) is often used in clinic with Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Gancao (GLycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and other drugs in the form of drug pairs. In this paper, the pharmacological effects of Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) and the clinical application of its common drug pairs were reviewed, and the mechanism was discussed, and the rules of use and compatibility theory of Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) drug pairs were studied and summarized, so as to provide references for better development and utilization of Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) drug pairs.