ArchiveThis paper systematically sorted out the evolutionary trajectory and theoretical basis of land supporting policies for dairy farming in China, and focused on the core restrictive role of the carrying capacity logic in ruminant breeding. Through policy text analysis and empirical literature research, it revealed structural predicaments faced by large-scale dairy farming at present, such as soaring feed costs and difficulties in manure disposal caused by insufficient supporting land. Combined with the cyclical fluctuation characteristics of the current dairy market, this paper demonstrated the vital significance of mandatory supporting forage land in cost reduction, efficiency improvement and industrial resilience enhancement. It was suggested to integrate the carrying capacity logic into the approval system for dairy farm construction, and pilot a rigid linkage mechanism between breeding scale and land area in major northern producing provinces, so as to provide institutional support for the high-quality development of the dairy industry.
To accurately assess the financial performance of Bright Dairy and reveal its value creation capabilities and operational shortcomings, this study constructed a comprehensive performance evaluation system with Economic Value Added (EVA) as the core metric, supplemented by traditional financial indicators. By collecting Bright Dairy's financial data over the past five years and employing EVA adjustment calculations, comparative analysis, and industry benchmarking methods, the study systematically evaluated its financial performance. The results show: Bright Dairy's EVA exhibits a fluctuating upward trend, with steadily improving value creation capabilities. However.due to rising raw material prices and intensified market competition.its EVA growth rate falls below the industry average, and deficiencies persist in cost control and asset operational efficiency. The findings indicated that EVA more accurately reflects Bright Dairy's actual operational performance. The company needs to optimize its cost management system, enhance asset turnover efficiency, and strengthen core business competitiveness to further boost value creation capabilities and support sustainable development.
To investigate the effects of a compound plant-derived additive (formulated with rosmarinic acid, carvacrol, and tea polyphenols at a ratio of 1:3:1) on growth performance, serum biochemical indicators, and rumen microbiota of weaned lambs, and to provide a theoretical basis for its application in dairy goat farming.
A total of 120 healthy 50-day-old weaned Saanen dairy goats were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group, each with 60 lambs (10 replicates, 6 lambs per replicate). The control group was fed a basal diet, while the treatment group received the basal diet supplemented with 5.0 g/kg of the compound plant-derived additive. The trial lasted 90 days. Growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and the relative abundance of rumen microbiota were measured.
Compared with the control group, the treatment group showed significant increases in final body weight (16.90%) and average daily gain (38.89%) (P<0.05), and a significant decrease in feed-to-gain ratio (26.48%) (P<0.05). Serum levels of triglyceride (TG), globulin (GLB), and total protein (TP) were significantly increased by 95.83%, 27.72%, and 16.09%, respectively (P<0.05). The relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospira, and other rumen bacteria were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while that of Succinivibrio was significantly increased by 132.87% (P<0.05).
The addition of the compound plant-derived additive to the basal diet of weaned lambs can significantly improve growth performance, serum biochemical indices, and rumen microbiota composition, indicating good potential for application in dairy goat production.
This study focused on two large-scale dairy farms in the Lanzhou region, targeting key indicators of dairy cow production performance. By systematically analyzing Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) data, this study aimed to investigate the variation patterns of milk composition, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), somatic cell count (SCC), peak milk yield, and days to peak yield, clarify the main influencing factors, and provide data-driven support and practical guidance for precision feeding management on dairy farms.
A total of 30 consecutive DHI test records from January 2022 to December 2024 were collected from the two farms. Descriptive statistics and trend analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 software. Combined with farm management logs (including records on diet formulation, immunization and health care, environmental regulation, etc.), the driving factors behind changes in each indicator were comprehensively analyzed to ensure scientific reliability of the results.
Milk composition was jointly influenced by dietary adjustments and genetic improvements. Farm A exhibited significant fluctuations in milk fat percentage due to modifications in feed formula, while Farm B achieved progressive annual increases in milk protein percentage through optimized protein supplementation and breeding enhancements. Both farms significantly reduced SCC values by improving barn environments and standardizing milking procedures. MUN levels remained generally stable, though energy-nitrogen balance during peak lactation requires attention. Peak milk yield showed a steady increasing trend, days to peak yield gradually decreased, and overall feeding management levels continued to improve.
Through systematic analysis of three-year DHI data, this study identified the variation characteristics and key influencing factors of production performance indicators on large-scale dairy farms in the Lanzhou region. The targeted management recommendations provided can serve as an important reference for controlling feed costs, improving milk quality, and optimizing feeding management models on dairy farms.
Early weaning during the lamb suckling stage combined with supplementation of nutritionally adequate and easily digestible milk replacer powder is an important technical approach to improving lamb growth performance.
In this study, 23 healthy male lambs aged 20 days were randomly divided into three groups: the mother's milk group (naturally suckled by ewes), the commercial milk replacer powder group (fed with commercial milk replacer powder), and the self-formulated milk replacer powder group (fed with self-formulated milk replacer powder).
The weaning weights at 60 days of age in both the self-formulated milk replacer powder group and the commercial milk replacer powder group were significantly higher than that in the mother's milk group (P<0.05). The average daily weight gains during the periods of 50~60 days of age and 20~60 days of age were also significantly higher than those in the mother's milk group (P<0.05).The intake of milk replacer powder in the self-formulated milk replacer powder group was significantly higher than that in the commercial milk replacer powder group at all ages (P<0.05).The diarrhea rate of lambs in the self-formulated milk replacer powder group was 9.13% lower than that in the commercial milk replacer powder group and 5.13% higher than that in the mother's milk group. There were no significant differences in body length and chest circumference among the groups at any stage (P>0.05);however, the body height and cannon circumference of lambs in the self-formulated milk replacer powder group at 40 days of age were significantly higher than those in the commercial milk replacer powder group and the mother's milk group (P<0.05).
Economic benefit analysis showed that the self-formulated milk replacer powder group had the highest economic returns. Supplementation with self-formulated milk replacer powder can significantly improve lamb growth performance, reduce diarrhea rates, meet the nutritional requirements for lamb growth and development, and provide good economic benefits, offering an effective reference for optimizing early weaning techniques in lambs.
This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of a traditional Chinese veterinary medicine compound and western medicine on retained placenta in dairy cows.
A total of 45 healthy adult dairy cows that failed to expel fetal membranes within 6 h after calving were randomly divided into three groups: traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group, western medicine group, and control group, with 15 cows in each group. Cows in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group were administered a compound herbal decoction, cows in the western medicine group received intramuscular injection of cloprostenol sodium, while no treatment was applied in the control group. Placental expulsion time, placental expulsion rate within 48 h, serum IL-6 level, white blood cell (WBC) count, serum biochemical parameters, milk yield during the first postpartum week, and feed intake were determined.
The results showed that the placental expulsion time in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group (8.4 ± 2.1) h was significantly shorter than that in the control group (18.6 ± 3.5) h and was comparable to that in the western medicine group (7.8±2.3) h. The placental expulsion rate within 48 h reached 86.7% in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (46.7%) (P < 0.05). In addition, serum IL-6 level and WBC count were significantly reduced in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group (P < 0.05). Liver function indicators, including ALT, AST, LDH, TP, ALB, and GGT, were also markedly improved compared with the control group. Furthermore, average milk yield and feed intake during the first postpartum week in the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine group were (146.2 ± 10.5) kg and (18.6 ± 1.7) kg/d, respectively, both significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05).
Overall, the results indicate that the traditional Chinese veterinary medicine compound has favorable clinical efficacy in treating retained placenta in dairy cows. It not only effectively promotes placental expulsion, but also improves inflammatory response, metabolic function, and production performance, showing good application prospects. This study provides experimental evidence for the green prevention and control of obstetric diseases in dairy cows.
To establish a multiplex qRT-PCR method for detecting calf diarrhea disease, aiming to simultaneously and rapidly detect multiple pathogens that cause diarrhea in calves.
This study searched for conserved gene sequences of various pathogens causing diarrhea in calves as target genes, designing specific primers and probes, constructing plasmid standards, optimizing primer concentrations and annealing temperatures, and testing their sensitivity, specificity, and clinical sample validation.
A multiplex qRT-PCR method for detecting calf diarrhea disease was successfully established using 103 copies/μL plasmid as the standard.The reaction system consisted are 10 μL 2 × Fast-Start Universal SYBR Green Master, 0.5 μL upstream primer, 0.5 μL downstream primer, 1 μL template, 8 μL sterilized ultrapure water, and a total reaction volume of 20 μL. The reaction conditions are: 95 ℃ for 3 minutes; 94 ℃ for 20 seconds, 56 ℃ for 15 seconds, 72 ℃ for 30 seconds, 36 cycles; 72 ℃ for 5 minutes. The detection sensitivity is 1 copy/μL, and there is no cross-reactivity with other pathogens. The intra-group and inter-group coefficients of variation are both less than 2%. Among 315 clinical fecal samples of diarrheal calves, a total of 248 are detected as positive (78.73%), and 42 are positive for mixed infections (13.33%), which is completely consistent with the positive detection rate of the single PCR detection method.
This study successfully established a multiplex qRT-PCR method capable of simultaneously detecting six pathogens responsible for calf diarrhea. The method exhibits a detection sensitivity of up to 1 copy/μL for plasmid DNA, shows no cross-reactivity with other common pathogens, and achieves a 100% concordance rate with single PCR method in the detection of 315 clinical samples.
In view of the practical difficulties of Brucellosis in large-scale dairy goat farms, such as concentrated introduction risk, high transmission efficiency, serious occupational exposure, huge economic losses and complicated prevention and control management, a set of scientific, efficient and comprehensive prevention and control and purification strategies was systematically constructed, which provided theoretical basis and practical guidance for the purification and sustainable development of Brucellosis in large-scale dairy goat farms.
Based on the successful experience of prevention and control of Brucellosis at home and abroad, combined with the production characteristics of large-scale dairy goat farms, a comprehensive technical system with biosafety as the core, accurate monitoring and phased purification, public health and personnel protection as the path was put forward by combining epidemiological risk analysis, literature review and case study.
Theoretical analysis and prevention and control practice at home and abroad proved that strictly implementing the trinity strategy of "monitoring-culling-biosafety" could effectively block the transmission chain of Brucellosis in large-scale dairy goat farms.Differential diagnosis techniques such as c-ELISA can accurately identify infected individuals.Supplemented by a sufficient compensation mechanism for culling, the farmers' willingness to cooperate will be enhanced. Through the continuous implementation of the purification scheme in stages.the positive rate of serum in sheep can be gradually reduced to zero.and the epidemic-free state can be maintained.and the reproductive performance and milk production level of sheep can be improved.
The prevention and control of Brucellosis in large-scale dairy goat farms is a systematic project.and the trinity principle of "monitoring-culling-biosafety" must be adhered to.This strategy is of great guiding significance to promote the purification of industrial diseases and public health security of dairy goats in China.
Postpartum hypocalcemia in dairy cows is a critical metabolic disorder that severely threatens the health and productivity of transition dairy cows, and its effective prevention and control are of paramount importance to the dairy industry. Traditional herd-based calcium supplementation strategies suffer from issues such as insufficient precision, resource wastage, and potential metabolic risks. With the advancement of the concept of precision nutrition, precision calcium supplementation strategies tailored to the physiological status of individual cows have become a current research focus. This paper systematically reviewed the hazards of postpartum hypocalcemia, traditional and emerging calcium supplementation methods, and specifically discussed individualized precision calcium supplementation strategies based on indicators such as behavioral monitoring (e.g., feeding and rumination time). Furthermore, in conjunction with the application concept of oral calcium supplements like Bovikalc, this paper analyzed their potential effects on improving calcium metabolic homeostasis, maintaining uterine health, and enhancing subsequent production performance in dairy cows. This review aimed to provide a theoretical basis and reference for optimizing calcium metabolism management during the transition period and promoting the practice of precision nutritional interventions in dairy cows.
Bovine mastitis, a prevalent inflammatory disease in dairy farming, frequently causes reduced milk production, economic losses, and animal welfare issues. While traditional antibiotic treatments are widely used, they pose challenges such as drug resistance, drug residues, and environmental pollution. This article systematically reviews the research progress of antibiotic alternatives, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), plant extract therapies, bacteriophage therapy, bacterial-derived antimicrobial agents, animal-derived antimicrobial agents, and innovative approaches like probiotic therapy, nanotechnology-based therapies, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and acoustic pulse therapy (APT). The study evaluates the effectiveness, safety, and clinical application prospects of these therapies, providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of bovine mastitis.
This study aimed to verify the antibacterial effect and clinical efficacy of Chinese Medicine Compound Rulikang against pathogenic bacteria of bovine mastitis.
Chinese Medicine Compound Rulikang, consisting of Taraxacum mongolicum, Forsythia suspensa, Akebia quinata, Vaccaria segetalis and Astragalus membranaceus, was prepared into liquid with a crude drug concentration of 1 g/mL by water decoction and concentration. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases were used to assess its in vitro antibacterial activity. Thirty bovines suffering from clinical mastitis were assigned into low, medium and high dose groups, while 10 healthy bovines were set as the control group. Intramammary perfusion was performed twice a day for 7 consecutive days. The clinical efficacy and variations of milk protein indicators were observed.
Chinese Medicine Compound Rulikang exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the three pathogenic strains. After 7 days of treatment, the effective rate and cure rate of the high dose group reached 88.2% (15/17) and 82.4% (14/17), respectively. Milk yield of all administration groups was higher than that of the control group. The levels of SA, ALT, AST and LDH in cow whey decreased significantly (P<0.05), whereas lactose content barely changed.
Chinese Medicine Compound Rulikang had prominent therapeutic effects on clinical bovine mastitis, which provided a safe and effective herbal preparation for the disease treatment.
In response to the problems of traditional portable pH meters in dairy enterprises during raw milk acceptance, production process control, and finished product quality testing, such as the probe being prone to collision damage, inaccurate positioning of the folding and storage mechanism, easy loosening and deviation during use, complex operation, and difficulty in balancing portability and stability, a new type of pH meter integrating a folding storage function and a mechanical self-locking limit structure was designed.
The device mainly consists of a detection host, a storage slot, a folding storage mechanism, a stirrer, a detection probe, and a limit structure. The limit structure forms a linkage system through a push rod, a rack-gear transmission component, a return spring, a screw transmission component, a sliding arm, and a fixing rod, achieving one-key unlocking, automatic reset, and reliable locking functions.
Structural analysis and principle verification show that this design enables the folding storage mechanism to achieve precise positioning after deployment without significant shaking or deviation, and a compact structure after storage that effectively protects the sensing components. The overall operation is simple, the transmission is smooth, the locking is reliable, and it can significantly improve the stability and data repeatability during dairy testing, as well as extend the service life of the equipment.
This portable testing instrument is suitable for typical dairy industry scenarios such as laboratory analysis in dairy enterprises, rapid on-site testing in production, and outdoor sampling on pastures, providing a practical new idea for the structural optimization of portable water quality and physiochemical testing instruments in the dairy industry.
This study aimed to investigate the usage of sodium cyclamate in beverages and flavored fermented milk through market research. The study compared and analyzed the new and old national standards for the determination of sodium cyclamate content using gas chromatography, and summarized the test precautions to provide reference for inspectors.
This study conducted a market survey in Jining District, Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, using gas chromatography to determine the sodium cyclamate content.To explore the impact of storage conditions on the stability of sodium cyclamate, the changes in sodium cyclamate content in samples under normal temperature and refrigeration conditions were measured and compared.
Market research has found that about 37% of flavored fermented milk contains sweeteners. Approximately 47% of beverages contained sweeteners, with sodium cyclamate usage accounting for the third. There was no significant difference in the detection results of the new and old national standards. The highest detected value was 0.509 g/kg, and all tested samples were qualified. After 14 days of storage at normal temperature and refrigeration conditions, the detection values of the tested liquid changed slightly, with the maximum coefficient of variation being only 2.13%, and there was no significant difference between the two storage conditions (P>0.05).
The new national standard simplifies the operation steps, shortens the detection time, and reduces the requirements for inspectors, providing a good example for the update of similar standards.The tested liquid can be stored stably for 14 days, and there was no significant difference in storage conditions at normal temperature and refrigeration, providing a reference for the daily detection of sodium cyclamate content in beverages.
Data acquisition from laboratory equipment is a crucial link in driving scientific research and innovation in the dairy industry, as well as ensuring the accuracy of product quality testing and the reliability of component analysis. In their daily operations, dairy industry laboratories need to conduct experiments centered on core requirements such as raw milk freshness testing, protein/fat content analysis of finished dairy products, and microbial index monitoring-all of which impose extremely high demands on the real-time performance, accuracy, and integrity of data acquisition, and present the characteristics of "high-frequency testing+data diversity". Combined with the practical needs of dairy industry laboratories in quality testing, component analysis, and other aspects, this study systematically analyzed the current status and challenges of data acquisition in dairy industry laboratories. It conducted an in-depth examination of five mainstream data acquisition methods: direct database acquisition, report export acquisition, serial port protocol acquisition, sensor-based automatic acquisition and machine vision-based acquisition, while elaborating on their principles, processes, advantages, and limitations. Furthermore, by integrating practical cases in dairy product testing scenarios, this study provided references for laboratories to accurately select efficient data acquisition solutions based on their own priorities in quality control, types of analysis projects, and other needs. It aims to facilitate the upgrading of laboratory digital management, improve the efficiency of scientific research and testing, and provide technical support for the construction of a dairy product safety assurance system.
Explore a fluorescence detection method that can accurately and quickly detect alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in pasteurized milk.
The comparative experiment was conducted to verify the ALP rapid detection kits from manufacturer A and B.
Using the detection kit from manufacturer B to test for alkaline phosphatase in pasteurized milk could complete the detection accurately and quickly.
The detection kit from manufacturer B met the requirements in terms of precision, stability, and ease of operation, and could be used as a method for detecting alkaline phosphatase in pasteurized milk.
Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) is a naturally occurring protective membrane structure present in both human and bovine milk, which maintains the stability of milk emulsions by inhibiting fat aggregation and oxidation. The core components of MFGM are composed of a diverse array of polar lipids and functional proteins. Its specific composition is modulated by both endogenous physiological factors (including the dietary composition, breed, and health status of dairy cows) and exogenous production and processing factors, resulting in significant compositional heterogeneity among MFGM preparations from different sources. In recent years, with in-depth research on the physiological functions of MFGM and its benefits to human health, especially the gradual elucidation of its health-promoting effects on early-life brain development, cognitive function, skeletal muscle and cardiac metabolism, MFGM has emerged as a prominent research hotspot in the field of nutrition and food science. This review provided an in-depth discussion of the nutritional and functional properties of MFGM, highlighted the latest supporting clinical evidence, and offered an outlook on the development prospects and future application directions of MFGM as a core functional ingredient in functional foods.
To enhance the comprehensive utilization of sea-buckthorn and enrich the variety of yogurt products, a formula and processing method for a stirred-type sea-buckthorn yogurt fermented with Kefir strain were developed and optimized.
The sensory evaluation was used as the evaluation index. The brand of sea-buckthorn juice and the fermentation bacteria were selected through single-factor experiments. The L9 (34) orthogonal test was used to optimize the addition amounts of sea buckthorn juice, white sugar, and stabilizers.
The optimal formula was determined as: 2.0% of Daoyulishi sea-buckthorn juice, 7.0% of white sugar, and 0.4% of stabilizer. The fermentation bacteria selected was the Kehan Senkei Kefir strain A2. The fermentation was carried out at 32 ℃ for 12-13 hours until the final acidity was (75±2) °T. The prepared sea-buckthorn yogurt had uniform texture, delicate taste, pleasant sourness and sweetness, and rich fruit aroma. The physicochemical and microbial indicators all met the national standards.
The process conditions were stable and feasible, and can provide a reference for the development of fermented dairy products with the characteristic flavor of sea-buckthorn.
Camel milk is gaining global attention as a natural functional food due to its unique nutritional components and bioactive substances. However, during transportation and storage, the quality of camel milk is significantly susceptible to various environmental factors. This review systematically analyzes the mechanisms by which factors such as temperature, time, microorganisms, freeze-thaw cycles, light, transportation oscillation, sanitary conditions, and transportation equipment affect camel milk quality. Existing studies indicate that improper temperature control accelerates microbial proliferation and physicochemical deterioration; prolonged storage time leads to a decrease in pH value, fat rising, and protein hydrolysis; psychrophilic bacteria and other microorganisms remain active under refrigeration conditions, causing fat and protein decomposition; repeated freeze-thaw cycles promote an increase in total bacterial count; light exposure induces fat oxidation and protein denaturation; transportation oscillation disrupts the emulsion system and activates lipase activity; and inadequate sanitary conditions and transportation equipment increase the risk of microbial contamination. Currently, standards for camel milk transportation and storage remain primarily at regional and industry levels, with no unified national standard established. Future research should strengthen studies on multi-factor synergistic effects, develop intelligent monitoring methods based on technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data, and optimize storage and transportation parameters as well as cold chain facilities, thereby providing a theoretical basis for ensuring camel milk quality, improving the standard system, and promoting the high-quality development of the camel milk industry.
Whey protein, characterized by a high branched-chain amino acid content, rapid gastrointestinal absorption, and multiple bioactive components, represents one of the most extensively studied protein sources in sports nutrition. This review systematically examined the molecular mechanisms, clinical evidence, and emerging research directions of whey protein in the context of sports nutrition. At the mechanistic level, whey protein stimulates muscle protein synthesis primarily through activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, attenuates central fatigue via modulation of the tryptophan-serotonin axis, and reinforces post-exercise immune function through the concerted actions of immunoglobulins and lactoferrin. Clinically, accumulating evidence supports its efficacy in promoting resistance training-induced hypertrophy, accelerating endurance recovery, facilitating body composition management, and sustaining immune homeostasis during intensive training. Recent advances include co-formulation with collagen to simultaneously target myofibrillar and connective tissue protein synthesis, nano-encapsulation for enhanced bioavailability, and genotype-informed supplementation strategies based on polymorphisms such as ACTN3. Concurrently, membrane filtration and precision fermentation technologies are expanding the sustainable production of functional whey proteins. As multi-omics profiling and artificial intelligence converge with nutritional science, individualized whey protein protocols calibrated to genotype, metabolic phenotype, and training load are becoming increasingly feasible.
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