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Milk Fat Globule Membrane (MFGM) is a naturally occurring protective membrane structure present in both human and bovine milk, which maintains the stability of milk emulsions by inhibiting fat aggregation and oxidation. The core components of MFGM are composed of a diverse array of polar lipids and functional proteins. Its specific composition is modulated by both endogenous physiological factors (including the dietary composition, breed, and health status of dairy cows) and exogenous production and processing factors, resulting in significant compositional heterogeneity among MFGM preparations from different sources. In recent years, with in-depth research on the physiological functions of MFGM and its benefits to human health, especially the gradual elucidation of its health-promoting effects on early-life brain development, cognitive function, skeletal muscle and cardiac metabolism, MFGM has emerged as a prominent research hotspot in the field of nutrition and food science. This review provided an in-depth discussion of the nutritional and functional properties of MFGM, highlighted the latest supporting clinical evidence, and offered an outlook on the development prospects and future application directions of MFGM as a core functional ingredient in functional foods.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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